Temdzabu. temdzabu Izinhlobo

Temdzabu ukhonza njengomdala ubuciko abantu, umphakathi yobuhlanga, ahlala insimu ethile. Kule ndaba, kuba njalo wendawo. Lena ubuciko yobuhlanga kazwelonke noma ezivamile senzeka ngo kohlaka lesifunda (indawo) amasiko.

Temdzabu izinhlobo ezahlukene izindlela engokomfanekiso-ekhululekile ulimi lwabo. Kukhona isayensi ekubhekaneni ekutadisheni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamazwi-zomculo, ngamazwi, zomculo nokudansa, idrama kanye umdlalo izinhlobo Folk art. Ukuze kazwelonke base temdzabu kukhona izinhlobo zamasiko isiRashiya, abantu abahlala ensimini ka eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Mkhakha wocwaningo ngesayensi okukhulunywa kuhlanganisa, okokuqala kunakho konke, imfundiso yokuziphendukela Folk art - kumiswa uhlaka theory.

Omunye izinto eyinhloko cwaningo umlando kanye zamasiko. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ekutadisheni Poetics zomlando lokusungula, ivela ngesikhathi futhi kubonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngo ukutadisha umlando okwenzeka nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo yobuciko zakudala ezandulela ukwakheka okwalandela ukunyakaza kwezobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutadisha umlando kanye ucwaningo lusikisela kulesi sigaba njengoba nursery nemvumelwano.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu abantu art ziyizaga, abantu izinkondlo, inganekwane, izimfihlakalo, legends. Temdzabu Izinhlobo zihlanganisa nezindaba demonological, iculo zomlando, izinkondlo ezingokomoya, udlala, amaqhawe, umsebenzi zezingane.

Ekuhloleni amagatsha Folk art ukuthuthukiswa ezinye zazo onguchwepheshe ethize ekutadisheni izinhlelo ezithile. Lezi amagatsha kufanele ichasiselwe eposovedenie, skazkovedenie nabanye. Kulokhu, ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhekile ezinye temdzabu ubudala akhiwa izinhlobo izinhlelo ezintsha.

Isayensi ukuthi study Folk ubuciko, futhi iveze ukuhunyushwa kwalesi art in a amasiko sakamuva kakhulu. Modern temdzabu izinhlobo ezithile Ukwakheka inhomogeneous imisebenzi yobuciko kusuka kumasistimu ezahlukene ezimbonini.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubaluleka okukhulu sokuthuthukiswa Folk art cwaningo kanye nokusebenzisana emazingeni ahlukahlukene. Ikakhulu, i-temdzabu waziphatha ucwaningo amathonya mutual phezu semantic, sitayela, amazinga engokomfanekiso, vnutrizhanrovom, mezhzhanrovom. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlonza izimboni zokuxhumana entsha bese systematized odlule ukusebenza.

Yiqiniso, ngokucabangela abantu art ayikwazi ehlukanisiwe imvelo ethnographic, kwamasiko, yemvelo nokuma kwezwe nezomlando.

Temdzabu nobungokomtlolo ihlola temdzabu, ukuchaza lo mqondo, ngoba akubheka njengesono esingathí mkhuba, elinesimo imvelo ahlukahlukene. Abantu abahlala ubuciko izwi elihlobene ne-isenzo, buviyoviyo, ngibone isimo sobuso bakhe, izingubo, play okukhulu, umculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo silitadisha futhi ngokucacile kombhalo temdzabu.

Ngokungangabazeki, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube uhlobo samanje temdzabu uhlelo usebhekene izinguquko ezithile. Nokho, izinhlobo ezinkulu lokusungula isakhuluma isakhiwo yayo yasekuqaleni. Ikakhulu, esivamile yamafomu encane uhlobo: imilolotelo, amahlaya, lullabies, yezinganekwane kuyisidina. Ukuze leli qembu ukuthi zingezikabani, futhi umsebenzi wasendlini (prigovorki, zaklichki, teasers), kanye emilolozelweni (olunamagama amaningi okunzima ukuwabiza, jerkin, inganekwane nje-shifters).

Phakathi main temdzabu izinhlobo kufanele basho izinto eziyindida, imilolotelo nemidlalo. It unendima ekhethekile temdzabu yeqhawe. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izindaba ezimnandi izilwane, lelandzisako novelistic (satirical, kuhlekisa), ukuklolodelwa-yezinganekwane, nobuqhawe, umndeni, ezenhlalo netindzaba letibhalwe. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ezinganekwaneni, iculo zomlando, izindaba kweqiniso, izinkondlo yeqhawe.