Tetanus: izimpawu ezinganeni. Izimpawu nomhlathi-ngqi Amagciwane. Izinhlelo ezivimbayo futhi Ukwelashwa

Tetanus - isifo esiye eyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. udokotela odumile inhlanganiso yocezuningi in the BC wangekhulu 5th, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe izimpawu. Kodwa kakhulu ukuzisola wonke umuntu, isihloko ngqi uhlala efanele kuleli zwe lanamuhla. Lokhu kungenxa inombolo enkulu yabantu abashona lesi sifo. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi unyaka ngamunye bebulawa ngqi bafe abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-160 emhlabeni.

Incazelo emfushane

Tetanus kuyinto isifo esithathelwanayo. It libhekene ukwabiwa ushevu ebulalayo nezinguzunga Yiqiniso ngokwanele okusheshayo emtholampilo. Ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda ngokuphelele yonke inkinga ka ukuvela kwalesi sifo, lwanele ukuba ulwazi 30-50% eziguli afe. Phakathi kwabo kukhona labo abaye zigonyelwe nomhlathi-ngqi. Emazweni nge imithi ababuthakathaka, lesi sibalo ifinyelela 85-90%. Tetanus kubangela msebenzi obalulekile microorganism ukungena emzimbeni amanxeba kanye nezinye umonakalo isikhumba. Into efaneleke kakhulu ukuba sandise - indawo kuhlale kushisa futhi kunomswakama. Ngoba iningi bonke abantu ababulawe yizifo aqoshiwe ngqi ezenzeke sub-Saharan Afrika amazwe, e-Asia naseLatin America. Kodwa ngisho emazweni elinothile European ngenxa yalesi sifo njalo ngonyaka izinkulungwane zabantu ziyafa. Kulesi sisekelo, asikwazi ukuthi abakhileyo izifunda ophucukile xaxa ziphephile.

I-ejenti causative of ngqi

Amagciwane Tetanus abamele Bacillaceae umndeni. Ezimweni ezivamile ukwanda kwabo kwenzeka isilwane namathumbu womuntu. Nokho, abazi zibangele nhlobo umonakalo. Ngesikhathi bethula isigijimi esilondeni, futhi ezimweni yokuntula ngokuphelele umoya-mpilo, lezi bacilli ethule babe okuphambene ngokuphelele. Kwenzeka Ukukhetha omatasa ushevu okungukuthi phakathi esiqine ubuthi virus. Kuthiwa ithonya lazo kushesha kakhulu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa isifo okuthiwa nomhlathi-ngqi. Izimpawu ezinganeni ngezinye izikhathi waphawula ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa emva kokutheleleka. ejenti imikhiqizo imfucuza ngesikhathi esifanayo akunangozi ngokuphelele uma kugwinywe, ngoba bumuncwa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kodwa ngesikhathi amalahle noma ngaphansi kwethonya imisebe ultraviolet, basheshe bafe.

Kanjani ukuthi utheleleke nge-ngqi?

Isidingo sokuba ngokuxhunyelelwa kwenzeka uma kukhona ukulimala noma umonakalo isikhumba noma nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke kuleli cala kukhona of Imi amanxeba ukujula elikhulu, kusukela wawubumba ibanika ekahle ukuthuthukiswa nezilwanyana ezincane izimo eziyingozi. Futhi, ukusebenza ukutheleleka singenzeka ukusha, frostbite futhi Izifo ukuvuvukala. A usana ungathola ngqi ngokusebenzisa umzanyana, uma yayingasebenzi amathuluzi baphatheke kahle kwamalume.

ejenti Causative yalesi sifo eziningi ngokwemvelo. Ziyakwazi:

• othulini endlini;
• umhlaba;
• usawoti namanzi ahlanzekile;
• indle kwezilwane eziningi.

Ezinhlamvu kanye vegetative imbewu eletha ngqi ukumisa kuyatholakala emathunjini womuntu.

Izinga kuvelana isifo kakhulu emaqenjini abo bonke ubudala, kodwa izingane eziningi sifo kulotshwe eminyakeni 3-7.

Yini kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ngqi?

Bangaki manifest ngqi? Bayashintshana ekufukameleni lesi sifo sithatha isikhathi ezahlukene isikhathi - kusuka 1-2 izinsuku izinyanga 2. Kulokhu, isilinganiso - amasonto 1-2. Isikhathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, kobukhulu isifo kuncike: kuba kuncane kune, nzima kuyoba kungenzeka enkulu khona kungekho ukugula nokufa.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kwema- amagciwane ku medium isiko nokukhiqizwa sebete. It kuhambisana kukhululwa ubuthi obulalayo. Iziguli kule nkathi ungase uphawule khona zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ikhanda;
• ajulukayo;
• imisipha ukungezwani;
• kusezingeni anda ukucasuka;
• Ukugodola;
• ukuqwasha nakwezinye iziyaluyalu neuropsychiatric.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe futhi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo

Ukuqala Kwenkathi sifo ezimweni eziningi sibi. Ukubhalisa amacala amancane ezingajwayelekile isikhathi prodromal. It uwukubonakaliswa zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukuphathwa ikhanda;
• isimo ukucindezeleka futhi imisipha, lapho walimala futhi ithuthukisa nomhlathi-ngqi.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezimweni eziningi - ithuliswe ubuhlungu ukubelesela kusayithi isilonda, ngisho noma usupholile. Phakathi izimpawu zokuqala ezithile isifo, ukubukeka okungase ukhombise ngqi eyakhe:

• ukubonakaliswa lockjaw (ukusikwa spasmodic) imisipha masticatory esibangela uvumbulula emlonyeni;
• khona ukumamatheka sardonic, ngenxa lapho inkulumo kwenziwa ngendlela enonya bebahleka (obuswacile, amehlo encishisiwe, izindebe side singene ukumamatheka);
• ukubonakaliswa dysphagia (singagwinyi nobunzima), imbangela okuyinto spasm convulsive we imisipha pharynx;
• imisipha Intamo yayo iqina.

Ukuba khona kuqala 3 kuphela izimpawu ejwayelekile nomhlathi-ngqi.

izici Isici ukuphakama ngqi

Isikhathi ukuphakama isifo - izinsuku 8-12. Ngo amafomu ezinzima, it kwandisa by izikhathi 2-3. Isikhathi salesi isigaba lesi sifo kuncike ezicini ezilandelayo:

• ijubane ukwelashwa udokotela;
• ukuba khona noma ukungabi yokugoma;
• sezingeni ukulimala isikhumba.

Kulesi sigaba, njalo Kutholwe nomhlathi-ngqi. Izimpawu izingane ezilandelayo:

• ukusikwa convulsive unyakazise imisipha yobuso, ukubukeka ukumamatheka;
• nzima ukugwinya ukudla;
• imisipha nemilenze nesisu ayesinda;
• Ukudlikizela buhlungu;
• ukujuluka abalulekile;
• ukuqwasha okuphikelelayo;
• zokuphelelwa umoya, cyanosis; asphyxia;
• ukwephulwa urethral kwegazi inqubo;
• nokwanda okuphawulekayo e lokushisa.

Lapho kwakungekho shot ngokumelene ngqi, yokubangela ukufa lesiguli kuyinto spasm imisipha zokuphefumula noma ukukhubazeka we imisipha yenhliziyo. Futhi phakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu sokufa indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kungokwalabo esivimba amanzi infarction, sepsis, embolism kanye nenyumoniya.

Tetanus e izinsana

Uma kuziwa ezinganeni kuzalwa, inkambo isifo ube nzima kakhulu, futhi cishe ngo-100% we izimo, kukhona ukufa. Ukuze izingane izici nobuntu ukuma ngoba izifo ezifana nomhlathi-ngqi. Eyokuqala izimpawu - kungcono ukukhathazeka, ukuzamazama lwesilevu, ukuhlukumeza kokugwinya futhi abancela reflex. Ngemva kwalokho, le spasm imisipha entanyeni kanye nokugoqana jikelele. Ngokuvamile, izinsana afele amahora kuqala lapho kuqala lesi sifo.

isikhathi ekululameni

Uma abazali baye babonisa isikhathi abasebenzi bezempilo ingane ngqi, impatho kwenzeka kancane kancane futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izimpawu zesifo zinyamalale. Isikhathi salesi sigaba sifinyelela ezingu-2. Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, ingane kakhulu obala ingozi ezihlukahlukene izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo yesimo sakhe.

Ngemva yokutakula, kungase kube nezimpawu asalile okuyinto kuyagcinwa isikhathi kunalokho eside. Lezi zihlanganisa imisipha ukuqina, ubuthakathaka jikelele njll

izinhlobo isifo

Amandla adonsela phansi, kukhona izinhlobo ukukhanya, omaphakathi futhi okunzima nomhlathi-ngqi.

ifomu Ezintsha kukalutshwana kakhulu. Isikhathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni izinsuku 14-20, kanye nokuthuthukiswa izimpawu kwenzeka izinsuku 5-6. It libhekene:

• Inkulumo ababuthakathaka zibe ezivamile tetanic (noma itlhogeko);
• aqhaqhazele wendawo convulsive imisipha (izimpawu ngqi isilonda noma endaweni yayo);
• eliphuphile imisipha hypertonicity ;
• akukho noma isisho kancane dysphagia futhi tachycardia;
• evamile noma ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva.

I izici eziyinhloko amafomu ngokulinganisela ngqi:

• Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni - izinsuku 15-20;
• ukuthuthukiswa iqoqo core izimpawu - 3-4 izinsuku;
• kobukhulu ngokulinganisela zonke izimpawu zesifo;
• ukungabi khona asphyxia nokugwinya nobunzima.

Sinzima libhekene ngokwanele iDemo bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi - izinsuku 7-14. Kulokhu, ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2 eba nomhlathi-ngqi. Izimpawu ezinganeni zisobala bha. Kodwa izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila komntwana njengokuyigugu, kukhona ngokuvamile ezingavamile.

ekwelapheni ngqi

Kuyadingeka kwezidingo express esibhedlela ingane ngqi okusolwayo. Ukwelashwa amafomu esiyingozi kakhulu wenziwa emva yokwemukela yokwelapha olunzulu.

nesilinganiso esifanele is nilimaza ukuhlinzwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho excision Kwenziwa izicubu nokususwa zemizimba angaphandle obonakele.

Ukuqeda amafomu vegetative ngqi imbewu eletha izicubu necrotic uqhutshwa yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, it is eyenziwa ngokuhamba ukuqokwa amazinga okukhishwa ezinkulu nge-penicillin akuzange ngemithambo yegazi. Isikhathi yokwelapha ezifana izinsuku okungenani 10. Endabeni ingelashwa umjovo penicillin akuzange kusize ngqi iqondiswa, ehlanganisa tetracycline.

Ukwelashwa kwezingane ogulayo Kwenziwa ngosizo immunoglobulin ethize womuntu. Iqondiswa intramuscularly. In parallel ukuziphatha ekuphathweni ongama of ngqi toxoid kathathu. Isikhawu phakathi imijovo kuba izinsuku 5-7.

Ukuze kube lula isimo somntwana, inikeza ukuthula nokuzola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukwelashwa lingaze, esithinta kanjani ukuqhutshwa nomhlathi-ngqi. Izimpawu ezinganeni kuyaqedwa ne imisebenzi elandelayo:

• nilimaza ukwelashwa;
• ukwehla isiwombe umfutho;
• nokuvinjelwa sepsis nenyumoniya;
• Ukuthuthukiswa ephashini ukupholisa;
• izinzwa.

Ukuvimbela ngqi

Ngokusekelwe yokuthi kuba isifo esibulalayo, izinyathelo zokuvimbela zibaluleke kakhulu. Isiza ukuncipha okukhulu kwenani iziqephu lesi sifo, lula Yiqiniso nemiphumela nomhlathi-ngqi. Izinyathelo zisho okuthile ngokuqondile futhi nonspecific.

ifomu Non-eqondile ekuvimbeleni izifo nesenzakalo ezinganeni ukuqhuba imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukugcinwa inzalo ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nemisebenzi;
• obrabatyvaniya amanxeba scrupulous okuyinto luleka eyenziwa usebenzisa antiseptics.

Specific zokuvimbela ngqi ukuziphatha kuhlelwe noma eziphuthumayo. Injongo eyinhloko okuyinto umgomo ngokumelene ngqi, - ukudalwa amasosha omzimba omuntu siqu kanye inkumbulo immunological. Ukugonywa kwezingane Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana ikhalenda yokugoma - izikhathi 3 emva ngenyanga yesithathu yokuphila kanye booster iminyaka 1-1.5.

Umgomo ngokumelene ngqi izingane akuqinisekisi khona amasosha omzimba ophikelelayo kuze lwegciwane lesi sifo. It kuphela isekela yokufakelwa namasosha omzimba futhi kusiza ukuba sinqobe imbewu eletha ngqi, wazithola emzimbeni.