Torvalds Linus: Biography, izithombe kanye akufezile

Linus Torvalds, ogama biography uvezwa sihloko, wazalelwa emkhayeni izintatheli eFinland, lapho akhulela khona. Esikoleni sasibhekwa nerd ngenxa izithakazelo zakhe ukubukeka. Dlala futhi ubuthaka, ingane encane kunawo wonke waba isigaba, ugly (by yokuvuma sakhe), Linus wayekulangazelela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe. Ukuxhumana ontanga isithakazelo sakhe kancane. Torvalds Linus wafunda kahle physics kanye mathematics, ngezinye izikhathi, bese lokho kulimaza i-humanities. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi - esikoleni abangu-Linus.

Ukujwayeleka nezwe lwamakhompyutha

A guru kweqiniso negunya okungahloliwe kwaba Leo sika Waldemar Ternkvist ngaye, Umkhulu ngasohlangothini lukanina. Wayesebenza e-University of Helsinki, lapho waba uprofesa kwezibalo. Kwaba umzukulu lo muntu wathola izwe lwamakhompyutha. Lapho eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-11, Torvalds Iyakwazi kakade uKaputen VIC-20, uma ngitadisha izinhlelo lesiZulu, ngoba ikhompyutha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wayengasesona kufanelekile.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Torvalds ukhathele izinhlelo ukuthayipha okuyisidina. Linus Torvalds (isithombe ngenhla kubonisa kuye) waqala ukuthenga sonke omagazini computer futhi izincwadi, elivela ezweni. Ngo umagazini owodwa Linus wathola uhlelo i-Morse code. It yadalwa hhayi Basic, njengoba bonke abanye owahlangabeza ngaphambili kuye, kodwa kwaba nje iqoqo izinombolo. Bangakwazi ngesandla zihunyushelwe umshini ulimi ngokubhala uchungechunge abathandekayo futhi amaqanda Lokho kuyaqondakala kukhompyutha.

Torvalds Linus wayazi ukuthi BASIC - kuyingxenye computer, futhi wayeseqala ukutadisha Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwakhe. Lapho umkhulu esifa yangena shí emsebenzini ngekhompyutha ukuthi ithole Linus ngofuzo.

umndeni Linus

Mayelana Umkhulu nendima yakhe isiphetho iqhawe lethu, siye ubesemtshelile. Njengoba for nye amalungu omkhaya, abazali Torvalds sisasebenza emkhakheni journalism. Nils Torvalds, ubaba - nomsakazo intatheli ithelevishini. Anna Torvalds, umama Linus '- umhleli etemibhalo. UDade Sarah inohlelo ejensi yokuhumusha, is ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ekuhumusheni umbiko wabezindaba. Ngokwakhe, Linus Torvalds, ogama biography akuhlangene ne journalism, sokungabaza mayelana lo msebenzi.

neminyaka yokuthomba

Njengomuntu osemusha, Linus, ngokungafani ontanga yakhe, akazange ukuheha iyiphi hockey ebholeni noma ukudlala ngothando amantombazane. Torvalds ukuthi ngokupheleleyo hola emsebenzini wakhe ngamakhompyutha.

Khona-ke Linus Torvalds esikolweni sokufundela. Ngemva kokuhlola zonke ngonyaka, wabuthelwa empini, lapho waqinisa ezempilo akhishwa up izicubu emzimbeni ukuqeqeshwa amakilasi. Ngemva demobilization Torvalds wabuyela emuva esikoleni eyunivesithi. Kuyinto kulesi sikhungo wamnika umfutho umsebenzi izinhlelo isivele ezingeni sina. Zonke okwengeziwe ekuphileni Torvalds elihlobene ne-ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo ezweni yokusebenza abadumile.

Ngisho eseneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-17, ngo-1987, Linus wathenga ukufaka esikhundleni yisikhathi VIC-20 eseyintsha - Sinclair QL. Le khompyutha kwadingeka 128 KB yimemori. Wasebenzela vosmimegagertsevom processor kusukela Motorola inkampani. Intengo ikhompyutha ngaleso sikhathi kwaba mayelana $ 2,000. It yadalwa ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi inkampani K. Sinclair.

Isithakazelo ohlelweni olusebenzisayo

Cishe ngokuphazima kweso kusukela Linus wayenesithakazelo ezihlukahlukene wokusebenza. Ukufaka isilawuli idrayivu-yazuza Torvalds, kwathatha kuye ukubhala siqu kudivayisi yakho yokushayela. Khona-ke lapho ethola wokubhoboza ohlelweni lokusebenza. Linus wathola ukuthi lokho okwakwenzeka empeleni, nalokho wathenjiswa kumadokhumenti.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba disassembly Torvalds OS Q-DOS, okuyinto wamiswa kukhompyutha lalo. Linus Ngadumala ukufunda lesi simiso Awukwazi ukushintsha noma yini, ngoba kubhalwe ROM.

Linus lokuqala yabhala kukhompyutha entsha amageyimu ambalwa. Imibono ka-iningi labo, waboleka kukhompyutha ubudala. Nokho, uhlelo lokusebenza ifakiwe, saba nemiphumela ethile engathandeki eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, naphezu multi-tasking yayo, wayengenazo izici zokuvikela inkumbulo. Uhlelo kungaba hang nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, C. Sinclair Sinclair QL ngemva ukuthuthukiswa uyekile ngcono onobuhle zabo, kanye nokugcina akhona.

Umlando kokudaliweyo Linux

Linus, ebuya ibutho, wahlangana uhlelo Unix. Yena nabanye abafundi 32 Torvalds wanquma ukuba sikhethe inkambo "C no-Unix". Ngoba lesi simiso ubonakele nje ngaleso sikhathi e-University of Helsinki, uthisha kwadingeka afunde uhlelo olusha lokusebenza, kanye nabafundi.

Linus wazehlela umqondo yokudala incwadi wesistimu yokusebenza yayo Tatenbauma Andrew, uprofesa kusukela Amsterdam. Torvalds uthi kuvulwe ekuphileni kwakhe konke. Kule ncwadi ( "Design kanye nokuqaliswa wokusebenza"), umlobi uchaza Minix - edala Unix ezisebenza ukuqeqeshwa uhlelo lwezifundo. Yiqiniso, Torvalds Ngaso leso sikhathi nganquma ukufaka kukhompyutha yakho. Inkinga yayiwukuthi Sinclair QL awuzange eyenzelwe ukufakwa izinhlelo ezinjalo. Kuphela ngo-January 1991, ezuza kwikhompuyutha entsha (manje MS), Torvalds wakwazi ukuyifaka ku Minix.

Ngemva kokutadisha emihle nemibi lokhu yesistimu yokusebenza, Linus wanquma ulilethe engqondweni. Kwaba ukufunda OS, a zihlubule phansi futhi uhlanekezelwe. Minix baba ezingcono emva kokufakwa software amadala futhi othungelela Linus Bruce Evans, hacker edumile kusukela e-Australia.

Ukudala ukuphela ukulingisa iphakethe

Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi Minix zokuxhumana kude ukuphela seyenziwe kakhulu kabi. Futhi kwaba isici Linus esetshenziswa kaningi. Ngalo, yena waba ezihlobene computer inyuvesi nge imodemu. Torvalds wanquma ukwenza uhlelo ayo ukuxhumana, esekelwe hhayi Minix, futhi hardware ezingeni computer. Ngenxa yalokhu, wafundiswa parallel ikhompyutha processor 386, kanye uhlelo lokusebenza walo. Torvalds wayezigqaja kakhulu ukuthi wakwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa imizamo ukwethula impumelelo yabo kwabanye aliholeli lutho. Kwakunzima ukuba achazele abantu ukuthi elula angaphandle, ngokuvamile kungaba ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba nzima ukuthola izinqubo iyini imbangela yalokho.

Kutfutfukiswa umshayeli uhlelo ifayela futhi drive

Ngakho, i-Linux waqala esigungwini ukulingisa iphakethe. Ngemva kwalokho, omunye emisha enye. Torvalds wathatha ukulanda futhi ashise amafayela kwikhompyutha elise eNyuvesi. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ngikulobele zona kwidiski. Ukucabanga Linus Sinqume ukudala umshayeli uhlelo ifayela futhi ukushayela. Uhlelo, okuyinto ayesehlele ukuthuthukisa, kufanele kube iyahambisana Minix. Ukudala ke, waxoxa nabasebenzisi Minix nge-intanethi-inkomfa. Ngokusho imibuzo sína kangakanani mayelana Minix futhi Unix izakhiwo umfundi wabuza, ungase utshele ukuthi wayehlela ukuthuthukisa siqu uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

Umsebenti inguqulo yokuqala ye-Linux

Uma Linus kungazelelwe wathola ukuthi uhlelo eyabhalwa kuye, igcwele imisebenzi eminingi ezengeziwe futhi bamele version ukusebenza kwe-OS. Umsebenzi ukudalwa kwe-Linux kusaqalwa lwenziwe sasivumela okuyisidina. Torvalds, ngamunye ngamunye wabheka uhlelo ezahlukene ubiza Unix ecashile. Kulesi sisekelo ke uzama ukudala siqu yokusebenza amayunithi yayo nge imisebenzi idinga. Kwaba eyisicefe hhayi kakhulu bakhuthazwa ukuba uqhubeke usebenza. Linus kwadingeka ukuba wenze lokhu ngoba isheke ukuthi uhlelo wayengakabi kungenzeka. Ngokufeza ukucutshungulwa cishe 25 uhlelo ezahlukene ubiza Torvalds bathuthela kwamanye amacebo. Manje eqala uzame ukusebenzisa igobolondo OS. Uma lokhu kwenzeka iphutha, wahlakulela adingekayo uhlelo izingcingo. Inqubekela ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo yayisobala. Igobolondo uqale ukusebenza kancane kancane kusukela ekupheleni kuka-August 1991. Kwakuwusuku impumelelo lokuqala olukhulu Linus.

linux 0.01

Ngakho, inguqulo yokuqala Linux uvele domain yomphakathi 17 Septhemba, 1991. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Torvalds wanquma ukubiza lesi simiso. Ekuqaleni, wayehlele ukuphinde nika igama lakhe Freax (izwi lisho Freaks "abalandeli" futhi "x" - lena ukuphela Unix). Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, walibiza ngokuthi uhlelo Linux, kodwa kubhekwa engenasizotha ukusebenzisa igama lakhe njengoba igama esisemthethweni. Mfundisi we Helsinki University of Technology Ari Lemke wadala lwemibhalo phezu FTP-iseva University. Lapha futhi Linus othumele isimiso sakhe. Kodwa izwi Freax Ari akakuthandanga, ngakho lwemibhalo lapho kuthunyelwe, wanquma ukuqamba kabusha pub / OS / Linux. Torvalds wenqaba ngokuqondile, ngakho igama wanamathela kancane kancane.

Wabeka ku version iwebhusayithi yesistimu yokusebenza kwadingeka eziningi 0.01. Ngakho-ke bagcizelela ukuthi lesi simiso kunephutha futhi edinga wokubuyekeza sina. Ngakho-ke, Torvalds uye wabonisa OS yayo esidlangalaleni. Uqeda wathuma izincwadi ukungesabisa eziningi kubaduni owaziwa, eye ecacisiwe ikheli leseva lapho ungalanda it. Le nguqulo yokuqala ayikuvumeli ukwenza cishe noma yini ngaphandle uyisebenzise futhi uprinte imithombo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo uhlelo bomile kumdlali wakho ukuze Novemba 1991. Mhlawumbe ngcono yayo okunye kuyoyeka. Nokho, wangenela ingozi. Linus, ukulungisa kwabuye Minix, spoilt ingxenye engaqondile ebalulekile ingxenye OS. Kube umbuzo mayelana nokuthenga faka noma Minix ukubeka Linux njengoba OS eyinhloko. Torvalds isinqumo ukukhetha ohlelweni lwaso.

Linux ekuqaleni 1992, ezenziwe eqa omkhulu phambili. Uhlelo yengeziwe izici ezimbalwa azange abe analogue ku Minix. Lokhu, isibonelo, swapping kuya drive kanzima uma izinhlelo ezinkulu. Linus futhi busuka yayo izici uhlelo ukuthi abasebenzisi Ucele ezincwadini zabo. Ngakho, kakhulu ngcono uhlelo lokusebenza yayo Linus Torvalds.

"Ngenzani a khulula uhlelo lokusebenza"

umdali kohlelo wenqaba isinxephezelo. Yena abasebenzisi kuphela lacelwa ukuba lithumele ngifaka emizini esasihlezi kuyo. Linus kwakuthakazelisa ukuthola lapho isimiso sakhe isetshenziswa. Amakhadi eqala ukuthululela ngendathane - kusukela eJapane, eNew Zealand, e-US, i-Netherlands. Izihlobo ekugcineni waphawula ukuthi Linus baba ngiyabonga ethandwa kakhulu izifundo zakhe computer. Isimo Linus Torvalds namuhla, ngicabanga, kuyinto ehluke umxhwele. Nokho, ubhekisela imali buthule. Ukufuna inzuzo akakaze ubuntu bakhe.

Imigomo yokusabalalisa

Okokuqala OS izimo Distribution zenzelwe kuphela ngokuya jikelele. Linux imahhala, kodwa asikwazi zithengiswa. Uma umsebenzisi unqume ukwenza ngcono noma izinguquko ohlelweni, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukudala ikhodi yomthombo ngokwenza lezi ngcono kule domain yomphakathi. Okwamanje, esikhundleni se-copyright Linus Torvalds isebenzisa letsenzii iLayisensi Evamile Yomphakathi.

Ukubukeka esibonakalayo sokuqhafaza, Linux 1.0

Entwasahlobo ka-1992 hacker O. Zbrovski bazivumelanisa OS X Windows. Ngesikhathi i-Linux, ngakho kwakukhona isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza. Ngemva kwalokho, Linus Torvalds isinqumo sokuthi uhlelo isicishe ilungele futhi wadedelwa version 0.95. Nokho, kwakuyiphutha. Ima iqala ukungena OS yayo umsebenzi zokuxhumana, waqaphela isidingo kakhulu ukuguqula uhlelo. iminyaka engu-2 kuphela kamuva lakhulula version 1.0, okwethulwa Mashi 1994

Torvalds mascot siqu kuyinto Tux iphengwini. On umlando amalogo uyasitshela encwadini yakhe, Linus Torvalds (ngoba nje Fun). Kuyo, ubhala ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu wakhetha lesi silwane ngoba uma penguin pecked ke esichiwini.

impumelelo Ezisemqoka kanye imiklomelo

Ngo-1996, Linus Benedict Torvalds eseqedile inyuvesi, abe Master. Ngo-December, lapho saba nendodakazi, futhi ngo-1997 waqala ukusebenza ngo -Silicon Valley kule nkampani Transmeta. Kuze kube manje, Linus Torvalds wadala% 2 kuphela ikhenela uhlelo. Nokho, onquma lokho kushintsha kumele senziwe i legatsha esemthethweni OS akhiwa kuye.

Ekugcineni, siye sitshele mayelana imiklomelo yamuva etholwe Torvalds. Ngo-2012, kanye Shinya Yamanaka, udokotela Japanese, Linus won umklomelo ohlonishwa "Ubuchwepheshe zokuBusa Kweminyaka Eyinkulungwane." Ngawo lowo nyaka waba ilungu Ehholo Lodumo kwe-inthanethi. Linus Torvalds, isithombe kanye biography okuyinto abaningi banesithakazelo namuhla, futhi owawina indondo "Pioneer Computer Engineering," okuyinto yethulwa kuye IEEE ngo-Ephreli 2014