U-Robert Johnson: Biography kanye nobuciko

URobert Leroy Johnson, umculi waseMelika ngesitayela sezwe, ungomunye wabantu abadumile kakhulu blues zakudala. Umculi wazalwa ngoMeyi 8, 1911 eHazelhurst, eMisissippi, eU.SA. URobert Johnson, owaziwa ngegama lakhe ligcwele ukuhamba okungapheli kusuka endaweni ngezindawo, okokuqala nabazali bakhe, bese kuthi ngokuzimela, kusukela ebuntwaneni baphupha nge-blues.

I-guitar uRobert Johnson yithatha lapho engeneminyaka engaba ngu-13 ubudala. Wayengeke abe ngumnikazi wekhono lomdlalo, wahlala kuphela futhi wavala izintambo. Ukuphikelela kwentsha kuye kwachazwa yindalo ephikisayo eyayizuza ku-uyise. Futhi uma uRobert enquma ukufeza okuthile, wabe esezama ukufeza umgomo wakhe. Ekugcineni, yenze, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha.

Imizamo yokufunda ithuluzi

I-guitar ezandleni zentsha ayifuni ukuzwakala, futhi, ngaphandle kokungaqondakali okungaqondakali, akukho imisindo engasuswa. Kodwa-ke, isifiso somunye usuku sidlala i-blues yayinamandla kangangokuthi uRobert waqhubeka nokuhlupha izintambo. Ukuze sisondelane nobuciko bomoya, ivangeli, boogie woogie, le nsizwa yahlangana nabadlali ababili blues professional, uWillie Brown noSan House. Bobabili abaculi bathatha isabelo esijabulisayo kuJohnson, kodwa abazange bamfundise indlela yokudlala isiginci.

Sebenza emasimini

Ekugcineni, uRobert oneminyaka engu-9 ubudala waphoqeleka ukuba ahlanganyele nephupho futhi aye kwelinye izwe, lapho angathola khona ukuphila ngokuhlanza ukotini. Manje intsha yase-Afrika yaseMelika yathatha isiginci sayo kusihlwa, emva komsebenzi. Isitsha asikazange silalele, umculo awuzange usebenze. Lokhu kwenzeka okungaphezu konyaka. Futhi njengoba uRobert ekholelwa kuNkulunkulu, njalo lapho ehambela isonto, wathandaza futhi wamcela uSomandla ukuba amthumelele ithalenta lomculo, athembisa ukudlala izingoma eziningana zevangeli ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kudunyiswe iNkosi.

Ozarenie

Mhlawumbe uNkulunkulu wamzwa, kodwa ngokuzumayo, ngeSonto elilodwa, lapho uRobert Johnson ebuya esontweni futhi ejwayele ukudlala okuthile ngogitha futhi ehlabelela ngesikhathi esifanayo, wazizwa enomculo othile. Ephefumulelwe yimpumelelo ayeyilindele, uJohnson waqala ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe inkulumo yomculo, futhi wayenomculo. Ngokushesha weza ne-refrain. Ngebusuku obuningana, umculi ozayo uzoxoxa, futhi ekugcineni ukwakhiwa kwakhelwe, kudalwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho ye-blues. Kwakuyi-Hellhound eyaziwa kakhulu ku-My Trail, eyafakwa ohlwini lwazingoma ezimbalwa zikaRobert Johnson. Inhlanhla yokuqala yanikeza amandla, futhi umculi oqala ngokuvuselela amandla waqala ukusebenza.

Amaminithi ambalwa alandelayo aqala ukudala izingoma ezimbili, Cross Road Blues kanye Me And The Devil Blues. UJohnson wayejabule, waphumelela, iphupho lokuphila ligcwaliseka. Manje uRobert Johnson, omculo wakhe ekugcineni uthole ifomu layo, angabhala futhi enze amablues. Lapho nje isivuno sikotoni sesiphelile, wagijimela kubangani bakhe. I-San House noWilly Brown bajabule ukubona umngane wabo omncane, kodwa abafuni ukulalela isiginci sakhe sidlala.

Ukuqashelwa

Futhi uma nje uRobert ephikelela, edlale futhi ehlabelela izingoma zakhe zonke, abangane bakhe bahlala isikhathi eside emilonyeni yabo evulekile, bengayiqondi lutho. Ukuze ngandlela-thile achaze intuthuko yakhe emculweni, wakhuphuka ngomfanekiso wokuthi uhlangane kanjani noDeveli emgwaqweni wemigwaqo emibili, wamthengisa ngomphefumulo futhi wamfundisa ukuba adlale isiginci futhi ahlabe i-blues. Abangane bahleka, kepha bahalalisela uJohnson futhi bamenywa ukuba bakhulume nabo.

Ukuqala kokuqala

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abaculi abazange bahlukane. URobert wadlala izwe le-acoustic blues futhi waqamba izingoma. Ama-Musicologists abiza uJohnson intambo exhuma phakathi kweChicago neDelta Blues, nakuba, ngokuqondile, lezi zitayela ezimbili akudingeki ziboshwe, wonke umuntu uphila impilo yakhe. I-Delta blues ilula, ixhumene, iningi le-melancholy, kanti iChicago eyodwa, ngokuphambene, igcwele amanothi e-jerky, imishwana ye-syncopated yomculo kanye ne-guitar eside yama-solos ephenduka i-crescendo.

Amarekhodi e-studio

Ubuciko bukaRobert Johnson ekuqaleni kwakungenakuzithoba njengoba izingoma zabanye abaningi blues abaculi. Amatheksthi afanayo okuqala okuvela emgqonyeni wezinkulumo ezingenangqondo, kodwa umculo wakhe wawunembile kakhulu, ujulile futhi unomlomo. UJohnson akazange aqophe okuningi, ngesikhathi sokugcina ebonwa ku-studio ngo-July 20, 1937. Kusukela ku-15 kuya ku-20 wakwazi ukurekhoda izingoma ezingu-13, kamuva ezikhishwe njenge-albhamu ehlukile.

Ikhwalithi yeRekhodi

Igunya likaRobert Johnson njengoba umculi we-blues wegagasi elisha lakhula ngokukhuphuka nemingcele. Isikhathi sakhe sokuqala sokurekhoda senzeka ngoNovemba 1936 kwelinye lama-studios aseSan Antonio eTexas. Ngaleso sikhathi imishini yayiyiminyaka eyisithupha, umsakazi wenza ithrekhi yomsindo kwi-disc ye-aluminium, izinga elizwakalayo elishiywe kakhulu. Kodwa umculi wayethanda umsindo wezwi lakhe, futhi wahlala ehhovisi kuze kube sekwephuzile ebusuku.

Imali yokuqala

Ngemva kwesikhashana uJohnson wamenyiwe "kwiRekhodi yaseMelika", enye yezinkampani ezirekhodiwe e-US. Lesi simemo sibonakala singavamile. Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe ayikho i-blues ebhaliwe, i-jazz kuphela yayithandwa. Nokho, njengengxenye yalesi simemo, uRobert Johnson wenza izingoma zakhe eziyisishiyagalombili, ezirekhodiwe ngekhwalithi enhle. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva iseshini yaqhubeka, futhi ingoma ethi "Blues 32-20" yabhalwa. Khona-ke uJohnson ukhokhelwe imali yakhe emsebenzini wakhe.

Umcwaningi womculo womculo uBob Groom wabhala kulokhu athi: "Umculi uJohnson ubhekene nokuthuthukiswa kohlobo, ngemuva kwakhe - i-delta blues, phambili - Chicago". Wabheka sengathi ubheke emanzini, uRobert wenza.

Ukuhluleka ukukhuluma

URobert Johnson, owamabhayisikobho akhe avela kokubili ngesitayela se-delta, nasesitayela saseChicago, akazange enze umehluko phakathi kwabo. Mhlawumbe yingakho umculi waba yi-top blues ye-thirties ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ithenda le-bluesman esele yenziwe kahle yabonwa ngumkhiqizi we-Jazz uJohn Hammond. Wakhetha ukumema uJohnson ukuba ahlanganyele emsebenzini wakhe, amakhonsathi amaningana ekwindla yomculo wangempela "omnyama," awamisa ukukhombisa ukuguquka kwemasiko aseMelika kule ndlela.

Ama-agent amaningi aqala ukufuna umculi. URobert Johnson, isithombe esivela kuzo zonke izithunywa, asizange avele kuphi. U-bluesman uphenywe ngabantu abaningi, futhi ngalesi sikhathi wayesesevele ethuneni. Umculi washona ngo-Agasti 16, 1938 eneminyaka engu-27 ubudala.

Indaba yokufa komculi

Ngalolo suku olukhunjulwayo, uJohnson uzithola emzaneni obizwa ngokuthi i-Triple Fork. Le ndawo yayisemakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eGreenwood, idolobhana elincane eningizimu yeMississippi. Ekungeneni komuzi kwakukhona isakhiwo sokuphuza nomculo, ibha kanye nomdanso wokudansa. Izivakashi zahlangana ne-mulatto enhle, engazange ifihle uzwela lukaRobert. Wayelokhu engafuni ukujabula, futhi abantu abasha bavuma ukuhlangana kusihlwa.

URobert Johnson wathandana ngothando namandla, walandelwa eduze nomnikazi wesakhiwo, umhawu ononya owacabanga ukuthi i-mulatto ingumkakhe. URobert wathatha isiginci futhi waqala ukwenza into yakhe evamile, ukwenza i-blues. Akukho lutho olufanekisela izinkinga, kuze kube yilapho umculi ethunyelwa ibhodlela le-whiskey ngokuqaphela ithalenta lakhe, kodwa ngesizathu esithile sivulekile. UJohnson waphakamisa ama-sips ambalwa futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa wayedluliselwa engqondweni yakhe egumbini le-ambulensi edolobheni. Isiphuzo esinobuthi asizange senze ngokushesha, umculi washona kuphela ngosuku lwesithathu. Kanjalo kwaphela ukuphila komuntu owaziwayo we-bluesman.