ImpiloImithi

Ubuchopho lokugcina: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Esikhulu (lokugcina) ubuchopho ngokuhamba kwemvelo yabonakala kungakadluli neminye iminyango. Ubukhulu bayo nesisindo kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye izingxenye. Leli phephandaba izokwethulwa esithombeni sakhe. Ubuchopho bomuntu lihlotshaniswa ukubonakaliswa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu umsebenzi bokusungula nangokwengqondo. Umzimba has a isakhiwo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokulandelako, cabangela isakhiwo zobuchopho nezinhloso zalo zokugcina.

isakhiwo

Ukwakheka umnyango nokubika kufaka izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu. Nenkabazwe forebrain axhumene ngokusebenzisa callosum Corpus. Phakathi kwalezi zimo izingxenye ukuvuvukala ngine-: lwaleli, nibulale ezingasemuva, phambi. Uma ucabangela isakhiwo sokuphela-ubuchopho, kufanele sinake umgodi kule umnyango. Akha ventricles lateral: kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele. Ngamunye wabo Itholakala ingxenye okuhambisanayo. Omunye izindonga ventricular kwakhiwa ukwahlukanisa okusobala.

izingxenye

Nenkabazwe ihlanganisa koqweqwe phezulu. Lolu daba ungqimba grey, ezakhiwe izinzwa 50 zama okuyinto. Ngaphansi uqweqwe ahlelwe elimhlophe okuqinile. Siqukethe imicu myelinated. Iningi lazo uxhuma cortex nezinye izikhungo ubuchopho kanye neminyango. Endabeni ezimhlophe kukhona amaqoqo grey - the ganglia basal. Ngu hemispheres stem ngobuchopho ziyakhula thalamus. Ukuze delimit izingxenye thalamus ungqimba Lesisemkhatsini ezimhlophe ndaba ikhadi ngokuthi capsule yangaphakathi. Hemispheric ahlukaniselwe nomunye by izimbotshana longitudinal. Ngo ingxenye ngayinye kukhona ezintathu indawo - ephansi, ezilingene medial - imiphetho futhi abaningi: yesikhashana, occipital futhi engaphelele.

Isiphuku ebusweni isici

Ngo ingxenye ngayinye, le ngxenye yobuchopho sehlukaniswe ingxenyenamba ngu emifantwini ezijulile nemifantu. Primary libhekisela kumiswa unomphela emzimbeni. Basuke kwakheka isigaba embryonic (izinyanga ezinhlanu). Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke zihlanganisa Slots longitudinal (izingxenye wabe) futhi transverse (ehlukanisa cerebellum kusukela Lobe occipital). Secondary futhi ikakhulukazi - zemfundo ephakeme kunqunywa kumasegmenti ngabanye impumuzo (yena kungabonakala isithombe). Ubuchopho bomuntu iyakhiwa, hhayi kuphela esikhathini kokubeletha. Ngokwesibonelo, anemifantu nemayunivesithi akhiwa iminyaka engu-7-8 emva kokuzalwa. Impumuzo, esinomthwalo intambo yokugcina, indawo idlula futhi gyri ezinkulu abantu abaningi zifana. Isigaba ngasinye isehlane by izingxenye eziyisithupha: i-sezinzwa, insula, yesikhashana, occipital, parietal futhi engaphelele.

ebusweni lateral

Telencephalon kule ndawo kuhlanganisa rolandovu (central) furrow. Ngalo wahlukanisa parietal futhi iyizingxenye engaphelele. Futhi khona phezu kobuso Sylvius (lateral) furrow. Ngokusebenzisa parietal futhi frontal naye iyizingxenye abahlukene kusukela yesikhashana. Njengoba anteroinferior esifundeni umngcele occipital ukhonza ulayini engokomfanekiso. Lolo hide luqala ngo onqenqemeni engenhla sulcus parietal-occipital. Umugqa siqondiswe ekupheleni engezansi Nenkabazwe. Isiqhingi (insula) ehlanganiswa izindawo yesikhashana, parietal futhi izifunda ngokuqondile. Ihlala e inkatho lateral (a ukujula). Eceleni callosum Corpus ohlangothini medial we share sezinzwa itholakala. It is sihlukile kwezinye izifunda by inkatho ibhande.

Brain: Anatomy. Lobe ngokuqondile

Iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

  • Prednetsentralnaya furrow. Igama elifanayo gyrus elise phakathi kwaso ekhosombeni emaphakathi.
  • sulcus Frontal (engenhla nengezansi). Eyokuqala wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amathathu: emzileni (esemkhathini), esingunxantathu (esingunxantathu) opercular (pokryshkovuyu). Phakathi anemifantu amanga gyrus frontal: engenhla, eziphakathi nendawo.
  • Ovundlile phambi furrow negatsha unyuka.
  • Medial frontal gyrus. It ahlukaniswa sezinzwa cingulate sulcus.
  • Itulo cingulate.
  • I esemkhathini futhi olfactory sulcus. Basuke etholakala ohlangothini wehliswe Lobe engaphelele. Esikhathini sulcus olfactory amanga okufanayo igama izakhi: isibani, unxantathu futhi leli pheshana.
  • gyrus okuqondile. It yedlula ukuphela medial ka Nenkabazwe kanye sulcus olfactory.

uphondo anterior ka-ventricle lateral sifana Lobe engaphelele.

Imisebenzi ezindaweni cortical

Uma ucabangela yokugcina isakhiwo ubuchopho nemisebenzi lokhu umzimba, kubalulekile ukuchaza kabanzi umsebenzi eminyangweni of the Lobe ngokuqondile:

  • Perednetsentralnaya gyrus. Lapha kukhona nucleus cortical we analyzer motor, noma isikhungo kinesthetic. Kulesi zone ingena ethile imicu afferent kusukela thalamus. Bathwala Imininingwane proprioceptive kusuka emalungeni nemisipha. Kule ndawo, qala ehla maqondana emgogodleni isiqu. Zinikeza ithuba ukuqonda ukulawulwa ukunyakaza. Uma ukuphela ebuchosheni uzobe ezilimele kule ndawo, kuza ukukhubazeka we esesayidini emzimbeni.
  • Esesithathu ezingemuva phakathi gyrus frontal e. Nansi maphakathi igrafu (incwadi) nezinhlamvu associative endaweni.
  • Esesithathu ezingemuva aphansi frontal gyrus. Le ndawo isikhungo kunkulumo.
  • Isilinganiso nowesithathu phambi ingxenye Ngokwesilinganiso, engenhla nengezansi gyrus engaphelele. Kule ndawo kukhona anterior endaweni cortical associative. It ithwala izinhlelo ezahlukene izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kokuziphatha. Izoni we medial frontal gyrus nensika frontal elihlobene ne ukulawulwa amasayithi emotiogenic kufakwe isimiso semizwelo. Le ndawo ehlobene nokulawula ngemuva psycho-ngokomzwelo.
  • Anterior frontal gyrus isilinganiso. Kukhona indawo ujikeleza angumfelandawonye amehlo futhi ikhanda.

Lobe parietal

It kulingana esifundeni phakathi i-ventricle lateral. Telencephalon kule ndawo kuhlanganisa gyrus postcentral futhi furrow parietal lobule - phezulu kanye phansi. Ahambisana Naleli Lobe parietal sihamba precuneus. Isakhiwo futhi alethe furrow interparietal. Esikhathini gyrus esifundeni aphansi elise - emincane futhi supramarginal futhi paracentral ingxenye tincetu.

Imisebenzi ezindaweni cortical ku Lobe parietal

Echaza oyinhloko isakhiwo ubuchopho kanye umsebenzi kulesi sakhiwo kumele zabelwe izikhungo ezifana:

  • Projection Front ukuzwela jikelele. Lesi sikhungo kuyinto analyzer isikhumba nebhalsamu namagxolo okufakiwe gyrus postcentral.
  • Projection kwesigaba umzimba wesifunda. It kulingana emaphethelweni sulcus intraparietal.
  • Ephathelene umnyango "stereognosis". Yena imelelwa ikhenela analyzer (isikhumba) ukuqashelwa yezinto ngokuthanda palpation. Lesi sikhungo sifana uqweqwe engenhla iyizingxenye parietal.
  • umnyango ehlobene "Prax." Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo wenza umsebenzi ehlaziya ukunyakaza evamile okunenjongo. It kulingana cortex gyrus supramarginal.
  • inkulumo associative optical ahlukaniswe limelela izinhlamvu analyzer - maphakathi amathokheni okuqinisekisa. Le ndawo sifana gyrus emincane we- cortex.

Brain: Anatomy. Lobe yesikhashana

Ezinsikeni zawo ezisemaceleni amanga anemifantu ezimbili: aphansi kanye engenhla. Bona, kanye lateral umkhawulo gyrus. Ebusweni phansi Lobe yesikhashana umngcele kucace ukuthi ehlukanisa ke kusukela emuva, engekho. Emhlabeni gyrus lingual kuyinto occipitotemporal. Kusukela phezulu ke lilinganiselwe kuya eseduze sulcus endaweni sezinzwa, futhi lateral - occipital yesikhashana. I share sifana uphondo engezansi ventricle lateral.

Imisebenzi ezindaweni cortical ku Lobe yesikhashana

  • Esikhathini ingxenye maphakathi convolutions engenhla ezinsikeni zawo engenhla, ahlukaniswa cortical analyzer sokuzwa. Esesithathu ezingemuva gyrus kuhlanganisa sokuzwa endaweni yokukhuluma. Uma kwenzeka yokulimala endaweni amagama isikhulumi ziqondakala njengoba umsindo.
  • Isifunda ephansi futhi phakathi convolutions iqukethe isikhungo cortical we analyzer vestibular. Uma abaphukile khona umsebenzi wokugcina zobuchopho, balahlekelwe ikhono balinganisele ngenkathi mile ukunciphisa nozwela apharathasi vestibular.

isiqhingi

Leli nani akukungakanani inkatho ezilingene circumferential. Kucatshangwa kule ndawo ye ekusebenzeni kobuchopho ziboniswe ukuhlaziya gustatory futhi emizweni olfactory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo yenkinga kungenzeka ukufaka sokuzwa inkulumo ukuqonda futhi somatosensory information processing.

share sezinzwa

Le ndawo itholakala phezu medial we ama- cerebral palsy. Ubunjwe ibhande, parahippocampal futhi gyrus dentate, lesi siqephu sezwe. Njengengxenye share imingcele khulumela sulcus we callosum Corpus. Yena, ocwilayo, uthuthela ekhosombeni ka hippocampus. Ngaphansi kwalo inkatho, esikhundleni salokho, e ingaphakathi nizhnerogovoy ka-ventricle lateral kuyinto gyrus. Phezu ekhosombeni ku callosum Corpus kuvela elinye umngcele. Lo mugqa - ibhande inkatho - ehlukanisa gyrus cingulate, ehlukanisa parietal futhi frontal iyizingxenye we semizwelo. Nge mdweshu cingulate ingena parahippocampal. Lesi sakamuva uphela ngengwegwe.

izinjongo umnyango

Parahippocampal futhi cingulate ahlobana ngokuqondile isimiso semizwelo. ubuchopho umsebenzi kule ndawo zihlobene ukulawula izimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi psycho-ngokomzwelo, ekuziphatheni kanye autonomic ezintweni imvelo. endaweni Parahippocampal nehhuku zihlanganisa esifundeni cortical we olfactory futhi analyzer gustatory. Kulokhu, i-hippocampus lihlotshaniswa ikhono lokufunda, ke inquma izindlela eside futhi inkumbulo yesikhashana.

esifundeni occipital

Ezinsikeni zawo ezisemaceleni amanga furrow transverse. I medial ingxenye nhlonhlo khona. Ngemuva ilinganiselwe calcarine, futhi phambi - the sulcus parietal-occipital. Futhi engxenyeni medial ka labelwe lingual gyrus. Kusukela phezulu kuba calcarine elinganiselwe, futhi ngezansi - sulcus izibambiso. Lobe occipital sifana uphondo posterior ka-ventricle lateral.

Iminyango esifundeni occipital

Kulesi zone, izikhungo angawodwa ezifana:

  • Visual lelivakalako. Lokhu ingxenye itholakala cortex, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo furrow calcarine.
  • iso associative. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo itholakala engxenyeni amaphiko we- cortex.

ndaba mhlophe

Umelelwa efomini imicu eziningi. Basuke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

  • Projection. Lesi sigaba imelelwa izinyanda efferent futhi afferent zesivikelo sesifuba. Ngabo kunokuhlobana phakathi izikhungo projector stem basal nuclei umgogodla.
  • Associative. Le micu unikeze elibona nxazonke amasayithi cortical ngaphakathi Nenkabazwe olulodwa. Basuke ihlukaniswe lamafisha.
  • Commissural. Lezi zici uxhumano nomsebenzisi cortical zone ama- okuphambene. zokwakheka Commissural yilezi: Corpus callosum, commissure anterior kanye commissure posterior futhi egumbini.

uqweqwe

ingxenye yayo esemqoka siqukethe neocortex. Lokhu "namagxolo entsha", okuyinto kakhulu filogeneticheki ubuchopho ngasekupheleni kumiswa. Neocortex kuthatha cishe 95,9% we ebusweni. Okusele zobuchopho selivela:

  • Old amagxolo - arhiokorteksa. Itholakala ku Lobe yesikhashana ngokuthi u-Amoni uphondo, noma hippocampus.
  • uqweqwe sidilizwa - paleocortex. Lokhu kumiswa oluthatha indawo namanoni aphezu frontal eduze isibani olfactory.
  • Mezokorteksa. Lena indawo encane eseduze nale paleocortex.

uqweqwe emidala zasendulo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo avele ngaphambili kunabanye. Lezi zokwakheka okulula bakudala Sakhiwo sangekhatsi.

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