Ubuchopho bomuntu: isakhiwo

Ubuchopho bomuntu inikeza ukubambisana nokulawula zonke imisebenzi yomzimba lebalulekile ukusebenza evamile, futhi ilawula ukuziphatha. Izifiso, imicabango, imizwa - konke ehlangene ubuchopho. Uma lokhu umzimba kodwa angasebenzi, umuntu eba "isitshalo."

Ubuchopho bomuntu: kwebalingisi

, Isakhiwo lesinesitfombe-sibuko, Nokho efana nezinye izitho eziningi - Brain. ubuchopho isisindo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa imayelana ezingamakhulu amathathu amagremu, lapho isikhulile isisindo saso singamakhilogremu amakhilogremu nenxenye. Uma ucabangela isakhiwo ubuchopho bomuntu, singa ngokushesha ukuthola ama- emibili ezifihlakele ngaphansi kumiswa ezijulile. Hemispheric embozwe convolutions eyinqaba, yokukhulisa le medulla yangaphandle. Ngemuva - lo cerebellum, ephansi - esiqwini, okuyinto uya emgogodleni. Futhi esiqwini, futhi kusukela umgogodla intambo nezinzwa legatsha out, kuba ngaye ulwazi kusuka la mangqamuzana ukuze ubuchopho ngikhandlekile ngayo kuwo ubuchopho bomuntu ithumela izimpawu imisipha nezindlala.

Ngaphakathi ubuchopho has into emhlophe akha imicu yezinzwa ukuthi ukuxhuma izigaba ezahlukene zomzimba futhi obumba phakathi kwabo nezinzwa kuyoshaya kwezinye izitho, futhi empunga izidakamizwa obumba cortex cerebral futhi ngokuyinhloko ezinzwa cell emizimbeni. Ubuchopho bomuntu ivikelwe ugebhezi - amathambo icala. Izinto ezikhona ngaphakathi isitho bone izindonga ahlukaniswe amagobolondo ezintathu: arachnoid okuqinile (yangaphandle), elithambile (ngaphakathi) kanye esihle. Isikhala okuholela phakathi amagobolondo ligcwele ukwakheka efana plasma, CSF (cerebrospinal) uketshezi. Yathela uketshezi kakhulu ventricles zobuchopho - izimbotshana ngaphakathi kuwo, indima yayo - ukuphakela ubuchopho bomuntu izakhi ezibalulekile.

Imithambo carotid ukunikeza kwegazi cerebral, bahlukene ezansi emagatsheni esikhulu wandise kwizingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho. Ngokumangalisayo, ubuchopho ngokuqhubekayo ithola amaphesenti igazi afundwa umzimba 20, nakuba isisindo uhlaka isisindo ingqikithi umuntu amaphesenti 2.5 kuphela. Kanye igazi ebuchosheni enikeziwe umoya-mpilo, babanike kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba siqu amandla izinqolobane omzimba aphansi kakhulu.

amangqamuzana obuchopho

Wamangqamuzana, okuthiwa izinzwa, kuba isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo ngokucubungula ulwazi. Ubuchopho bomuntu iqukethe kusuka izinzwa 5 kuya ku-20 bhiliyoni. Ngaphandle kwabo, isitho ukwethula amaseli glial, okuyinto-10 izikhathi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo izinzwa. amaseli Glial akha skeleton Izinzwa izicubu bese ugcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi izinzwa. Njenganoma iyiphi enye amaseli, izinzwa sizungezwe ulwelwesi plasma. Amaseli ukunweba izinqubo - axons (avame esitokisini Axon olulodwa obuphelele kusukela ambalwa amasentimitha ngamamitha ambalwa) futhi dendrites (namangqamuzana ezinzwa ngamunye dendrites abaningi abazibuza wona, branched futhi iDemo).

Ubuchopho bomuntu: neminyango

Evamile, ubuchopho uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ngaphambili ubuchopho, isiqu, cerebellum. I forebrain sehlukaniswe ama- ezimbili, thalamus (nucleus sezinzwa ithola imininingwane ezintweni kwezitho kudluliswe ukuba cortex sezinzwa) kanye ngxenye (esifundeni ukulawula umsebenzi homeostatic), pituitary - ndlala ezibalulekile. Nenkabazwe - ingxenye ezinkulu kunazozonke zobuchopho oxhumene Corpus callosum - ugongolo axons. Nenkabazwe ngalunye lunamandla iyizingxenye occipital, parietal, yesikhashana futhi engaphelele. Isiqu sawo sihlanganisa le oblongata medulla (Ezansi isiqu, okuyinto ludlulele emgogodleni), i-Pons (elihlobene ne imicu cerebellum emsipheni) kanye ubuchopho obuphakathi (kuya emgogodleni kukhona imoto indlela). I cerebellum itholakala ngaphansi iyizingxenye occipital we ama- zobuchopho, ilawula isikhundla isiqu, izitho zomzimba, ikhanda, udlala indima enkulu ekukhiqizeni motor amakhono.