Isikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa: izici isici

Lokho lidlule 9 izinyanga of elinde isimangaliso, isikhathi lapho umama okhulelwe ilindele injabulo lomhlangano oluzayo nomntanakhe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kugcwele ukukhathazeka ukwesaba bokubeletha.

Lapho ukukhanya kuyoba ingane kungase kubonakale ukuthi konke kakade emva kwethu, kodwa eqinisweni ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana wakho uqala ngokuqinisekile ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwesikhathi ezisanda kuzalwa.

Ubude besikhathi kwesikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa

isikhathi Neonatal ihlala kuze kube sekupheleni , inyanga yokuqala yokuphila (Izinsuku ezingu-28 okwesikhashana). Futhi luqala lapho umoya kuqala ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho kumakhosikazi ukuhlukanisa ekuseni futhi ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ezisanda kubelethwa. Iminyaka yasekuqaleni kwawo-inkathi ezisanda kubelethwa ihlala izinsuku zokuqala 7 wokuphila, futhi kamuva, ngokulandelana, - amasonto amathathu alandelayo.

Ingqikithi futhi main izici kwesikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa

Isikhathi nezinsana - kuyinto inkathi lapho umntwana ohlukaniswe kunina ngokwenyama, kodwa ubuhlobo bokuphila unamandla kakhulu.

Isici isikhathi usana inezici eziningana:

- ukuvuthwa ongaphelele izinhlelo kanye nezinhlaka usana olusanda kuzalwa;

- yokungavuthwa abalulekile isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;

- izinguquko uhlamvu obusebenzayo, kwamakhemikhali kanye morphological;

- amanzi exchange ukuhamba wesitayela;

- umzimba usana kakhulu ekuthonyweni izici zangaphandle (ngisho noshintsho oluncane kungaholela thuthuva sina futhi izinqubo bokuphila flow normal).

inkathi ezisanda kubelethwa libhekene iqiniso lokuthi umntwana elele cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukubeka uthando, izidingo ukunakekelwa e ukudla, isiphuzo futhi ubuthongo abadala ukusiza ukusinda ingane.

Lesikhatsi lesi futhi lithathelwe isimo ezingajwayelekile zokuphila:

- kancane kancane Umntwana uqala balala kancane, kodwa uphapheme ngaphezulu;

- ukuthuthukisa ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa uhlelo;

- ukuthuthukisa ikhaliphe lokuqala moya (isibonelo, uma ingane walala phezu ithanga kanina, yena-ke uyazi ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze uvule umlomo wakhe ujikise ikhanda lakhe).

Incazelo umntwana esikhathini ezisanda kubelethwa

Incazelo usana enezinto eziningi izici ezibalulekile:

1) olusanda kuzalwa zingabuka umehluko wacondza umzimba kuqhathaniswa omdala. ikhanda womntwana olukhudlwana maqondana umzimba (ezinsaneni umnyuziki eside mass ikhanda imayelana 25% emzimbeni Imininingwane, preterm - kuze kufinyelele 30-35%, kanti abantu abadala - 12%). Lesi sici ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho esikhathini nezinsana ngaphambi nezinye izitho neenkambiso.

2) Inhloko selilonke ezinsaneni eside cishe 32-35 cm.

3) Ubujamo ikhanda zingase zihluke, futhi kuncike enchubeni ejwayelekile. Ekuzalweni nekhanda caesarean kwesigaba womntwana round. Kudlulwa zemvelo ingane lokuzalwa canal inikeza zomphakathi amathambo skull, ngakho ikhanda womntwana kungenziwa isicaba, ukuma side noma engalingani.

4) Phezulu skull ngesikhathi umntwana abe onomusa (1 kuya ku-3 cm esithambile) - endaweni ikhanda, lapho kungekho amathambo cranial.

Ubuso futhi izinwele olusana

1) Amehlo izinsana ngosuku lokuqala zokuphila ngokuvamile ivaliwe, ngakho-ke kunzima ababheke.

2) ekhaleni kuyinto sana, futhi amavesi acinene - ewumngcingo, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ku ekhaleni - obucayi, ngakhoke kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

3) I nezindlala lacrimal azikakabi kuhlakulelwe ngokugcwele, ngakho esikhathini ezisanda kubelethwa ingane uyakhala kodwa izinyembezi akazange sigqame.

4) Iningi izingane zizalwa izinwele ezimnyama ngokuvamile anyakaza, futhi kukhona unomphela iziboya emzimbeni. Kukhona izingane zizalwa Bald ngokuphelele.

5) Isikhumba umntwana ibuthaka futhi ebucayi. I Horny ungqimba - mncane. Skin umbala imizuzu zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa - ayilutho ephethe tinge bluish, kuyilapho kamuva isikhumba uba pink ngisho ngokubomvu.

Ingabe ingane esanda kuzalwa ukubona?

Kukhona umbono ukuthi ngemva kokuzalwa amehlo ingane nezindlebe kungukuthi athuthukile ngokugcwele, ngakho ingane ngeke benze lutho ukubona nokuzwa. Kuphela emva kwesikhashana, ingane iqala ukuqaphela Silhouettes futhi bezwe amazwi okuba nemisindo. Zithanda noma zingathandi, kudingeka uqonde. Thola lapho ingane iqala ukubona.

Njengoba babona izinsana?

It is ngokwesayensi kungase kutholakale ukuthi umntwana osanda kuzalwa ukwazi ukubona, ngoba umsebenzi enkulu yomzimba womuntu yakhiwa isegazini futhi kwakhiwa esibelethweni is. Omunye umbuzo indlela isitho ezibukwayo ithuthukiswe kahle. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, lapho ingane iqala ukubona zonke izinto futhi nabantu ababemzungezile Ubonakala ezingacacile. Lokhu kuchazwe kalula, ngoba ngakho umbono kancane kancane yokuvumelana imvelo entsha yokuphila nobuhlobo kabusha.

Ngokufanayo, singasho ukuthi ingane emva kokuzalwa kahle ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama. Yena squints kabi uma iqondiswa umthombo elikhanyayo ukukhanya, evula amehlo ebumnyameni nesigayegaye. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulula ukuba kuchazwe, njengoba ngisho umuntu omdala kunzima ukujwayela ukukhanya okukhulu emva kokuba ebumnyameni. I ingane esibelethweni, kuba khona ebumnyameni, futhi azalwe, njengoba umthetho, egumbini ukulethwa, lapho izibani nezibani.

Nakuba zikhona izimo lapho imizuzu embalwa yokuqala emva ukuzalwa komntwana kungaba kwenziwe ngamehlo uvulekile, futhi kubonakala sengathi wabuka konke okwenzekayo emhlabeni futhi bengathathi amehlo akhe ovela kunina.

Kwaphela cishe 2 amaviki emva kokubelethwa, ingane zingayeka entweni imizuzwana 3-4 kuphela.

uthi bokuphila period ezisanda kubelethwa

Ikakhulukazi kwesikhathi nezinsana - okubizwa ngokuthi isimo bokuphila, okuyinto njalo umama osemusha kudingeka azi ukuze kuvinjelwe pathologies nezifo.

1) Skin erythema (ezandleni nasezinyaweni kubukeka ngokubomvu ephethe tinge bluish ngenxa vasodilatation, ngenxa wehlise izinga lokushisa kusuka 37 degrees esibelethweni ukuze 20-24 futhi izinguquko aqueous emoyeni imvelo). Kulokhu, inqubo bokuphila we lokushisa lomzimba, isifiso kanye isimo jikelele umntwana zihlala zinjalo. Ngemva 3-4 zinsuku, isikhumba iqala ikhasi ezindaweni ububomvu. Le nqubo akudingi ukwelashwa kanye nokunakekelwa okukhethekile.

2) izitsha Reaction esikhathini ezisanda kubelethwa. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo bokuphila kuzibonakalisa ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. It kungabonakala nasemkhakheni:

- ububomvu engalingani kwesikhumba, lapho omunye ingxenye yomzimba livele libe luhlaza ngokubomvu, kanye nezinye - kunalokho, ukuphaphatheka, ngisho nge Tint bluish ngenxa ingalali noma belele eceleni elilodwa;

- zemabula, bluish isikhumba ukubonakaliswa zenzeka ngenxa yokungavuthwa we isimiso semithambo yegazi.

izinqubo ezinjalo ngokuvamile zenzeke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzalwa, kodwa zidinga kweso lwezokwelapha.

3) jaundice Neonatal wabonakaliswa ngenxa yokungavuthwa kwesibindi kanye nokungakwazi iwukudambisa esengeziwe bilirubin egazini. jaundice physiologic ngokuvamile obuhambisana usana ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimpilweni zabo bese uyagijima ngesonto emva kokuzalwa. Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe, ngoba lokhu nqubo imisiwe futhi kuthatha izinyanga mayelana 1.5. Uma yellowing kuyinto, uzodinga ukuba ngilidlulisele onguchwepheshe.

4) ukuvaleka nezindlala sebaceous. Ngokuvamile izinsana ekhaleni, ebunzini noma izihlathi kungathola nezinduna ezincane ezimhlophe, abakwazi ziyothinteka. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, zonke kuzodlula ngokwalo.

5) Induna. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kwengane angavela nezinduna encane nge umthunzi white ebusweni. Le nqubo akudingi ukwelashwa, amuke ngemva silinganisa hormone emzimbeni wengane - ngezinyanga ezingu 2-3. Ukuhlanzeka kanye nesicelo ungqimba ezondile "Bepanten" 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-3 - into kuphela ovunyelwe ukwenza kuleli cala.

isifo ngayo lapho usana

Izifo kwesikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana:

1) izifo azalwa naso - izifo ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ku-fetus esibelethweni ngenxa yokuchayeka izici zendawo ezimbi. Izifo ezihlala zihlanganisa:

- azalwa naso isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo uthayiphe izinsana kuzibonakalisa umcimbi ukuthi babekade unina ogulayo phakathi noma ngaphambi kokukhulelwa;

- toxoplasmosis, esifafazwa amakati;

- cytomegalovirus ukutheleleka;

- listeriosis (nosana kungenziwa yilesi sifo ngesikhathi yokukhulelwa noma umnyango yezingane);

- umalaleveva azalwa naso;

- sofuba;

- ugcunsula.

2) kombungu azalwa naso kwezitho izinhlelo:

- isifo senhliziyo, samaphaphu kanye ipheshana emathunjini;

- dislocation azalwa naso we hip;

- kokukhubazeka azalwa naso;

- torticollis azalwa nako.

3) Ukulimala zomsebenzi:

- ukulimala lwamathambo;

- hypoxic lokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana nesimungumungwana ne-rubella, akuzona zonke izingane eziphathwa batheleleke esikhathini ezisanda kubelethwa, njengoba umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ngemva kokubeletha, kanye nobisi lwebele ibanika amasosha omzimba.

usana crisis

ezisanda kubelethwa isikhathi esibucayi - yinqubo ukuzalwa komntwana, ndima yakhe ngokusebenzisa izindlela umama sokuzalwa sika.

Ngokusho odokotela bengqondo, inqubo ingane lokuzalwa esiteji iyinkimbinkimbi futhi esibucayi.

Thola eziningana Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu sale ngozi usana:

- bokuphila. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ukuzalwa komntwana is ngokwenyama bahlukaniswa nonina wakhe, okuyinto ukucindezeleka omkhulu ngaye.

- I kid singena angajwayelekile kuye izimo zokuphila, lapho konkhe kwehlukile kulokho eyayiyikho esibelethweni (kwendawo emoyeni, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, ukushintsha uhlelo ugesi).

- izimbangela kwenqondo. Ngemva kokuzalwa ukuhlukana emzimbeni wengane efeni kamama wengane ukukhathazeka nokungakwazi ukuzisiza.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa umntwana uyasinda sibonga i isegazini ikhaliphe unconditioned (ukuphefumula, oncelayo, eqinisekile, ukuphepha futhi ukubamba).

Ithebula kwesisindo olusanda kuzalwa

Ubudala, ngenyanga	Isisindo, g	Ukuphakama	Shona selilonke, cm
ngemva kokuzalwa	3100-3400	50-51	33-37
1	3700-4100	54-55	35-39
2	4500-4900	57-59	37-41
3	5200-5600	60-62	39-43
4	5900-6300	62-65	40-44
5	6500-6800	64-68	41-45
6	7100-7400	66-70	42-46
7	7600-8100	68-72	43-46
8	8100-8500	69-74	43-47
9	8600-9000	70-75	44-47
10	9100-9500	71-76	44-48
11	9500-10000	72-78	44-48
12	10000-10800	74-80	45-49

Ithebula osanda kuzalwa (isisindo kanye ukuphakama) sicuketse eseduze nyangazonke ukuphakama isilinganiso kanye kwesisindo in izinsana.