Ukubalwa izisekelo. Isibonelo ekubalweni isisekelo inqwaba, induku, columnar, Monolithic, setshe. Ukubalwa base isisekelo: isibonelo. isisekelo ekubalweni ukudluliselwa: Isibonelo

Ukusebenzisa izindlela ejwayelekile lula ukuhlela kanye ukubala lezisekelo, isibonelo ukubala kwesisekelo ukuba lula ukubala. Kususelwa izincomo enikezwa esihlokweni ungagwema amaphutha ekwakhiweni isakhiwo ekhethiwe (columnar, inqwaba, induku noma setshe hlobo).

isizinda columnar

Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa isakhiwo esisodwa storey nge nemingcele ngokuya 6x6 m, futhi izindonga cm ugodo 15x15 (isisindo volumetric of 789 kg / m³), zalungisa Ohlangothini olungaphandle umqulu ukwahlukanisa ulwelwesi. Cap isakhiwo yenziwa ngosimende: ukuphakama - 800 mm Ububanzi - 200 mm (mass volumetric ka tintfo mbamba - 2099 kg / m³). Kusekelwe a kwagcizelela ukhonkolo ugongolo kwesigaba 20x15 (ukusebenza volumetric w / w - 2399). Izindonga abe ukuphakama 300 cm, kanye esifulelwe ngokhethe is zihlukaniswa ramps ezimbili. Cap futhi Loft wenza kwamapulangwe wahlela imishayo cross kwesigaba 15x5, futhi ngci nge mineral uvolo (ngobuningi ukwahlukanisa Isisindo 299 kg).

Ukwazi namazinga umthwalo (SNIP), lingabizwa afeze ekubalweni izisekelo. Isibonelo ekubalweni isisekelo ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukwenza izibalo ukuba kwakhiwe yayo.

imithwalo kwezinkambiso

• On plinth - 149,5 kg / m².
• Elisophahleni - 75.
• Sivamile iqhwa ukulayisha endaweni band phakathi RF kwaba 99 kg / m² ngenhlonipho endaweni ophahleni (kwesigaba ovundlile).
• Kususelwa izimbazo ezahlukene baphathe ezahlukene ingcindezi imithwalo.

Ukucindezelwa-eksisi ngamunye

izinkomba eqondile imithwalo kwesakhiwo zokulawula vumela kahle ukubala elisekela. Isibonelo ekubalweni isisekelo sinikezwa ngesizathu lula lwabakhi imfundamakhwela.

Ingcindezi Umklamo "1" ahlangene "3" (udonga lokugcina):

• Kusukela lwamakholi odongeni ukugqagqana: 600 x 300 cm = 1800 cm². Lesi sibalo siphindwe ukushuba kokuncishiswa mpo 20 cm (nge angabonelela kuphela zangaphandle). Etholwe: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ = 0,28 m.
• Kusukela ugongolo onqenqemeni: 20 x 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 kg.
• Kusukela esisekelweni: 20 x 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
• Kusukela cap. Kubalwa mass ingqikithi bonke ukugqagqana, bese uthatha 1/4 ingxenye yayo.

Amalogi emaceleni 5x15 ibekwe zonke 500 mm. Isisindo sawo 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³ = 1600 kg.

Kuyadingeka ukucacisa isisindo setshe phansi futhi isibopho kufakwe izisekelo ukubala. Isibonelo ekubalweni ungqimba isisekelo kubonisa ukushuba ukwahlukanisa of 3 cm.

Umqulu 6 mm x 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani iphindwe 800, a isamba 1700 kg.

Mineral uvolo ukwahlukanisa kokuba ukushuba ka-15 cm.

izinkomba volumetric elilingana 15 x 360 = 540 cm³. Lapho iphindwe kwabantu 300,01 ukuthola 1620 kg.

Ubude: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 kg. Zonke ehlukaniswa 4, sithola 1.25 m.

• Kusukela ekamelweni elisophahleni ~ 1200 kg;
• Kusukela ophahleni: mass ingqikithi kumpambuko (1 / 2kryshi) kucatshangelwa mass wophahla imishayo, futhi azikhohlwe ngokuphelele izono zethu flooring nehele - kg 50 kuphela / m² x 24 = 1200 kg.

Norm imithwalo kwezakhiwo columnar (ukuze "1" ahlangene "3" liyadingeka ukuthola 1/4 ingxenye ingcindezi Imininingwane ophahleni) ikuvumela ukubala isisekelo inqwaba. Isibonelo isakhiwo esicutshungulwayo ilungele ukuba kwakhiwe le imithi.

• Kusukela esisekelweni (600.0 x 600,0) / 4 = 900,0 x 150,0 kg / m² = 1350,0 kg.
• Kusukela ekamelweni elisophahleni: kancane izikhathi 2 kuka kusukela cap.
• Snow: (100 kg / m² x 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 kg.

In summary: isifinyezo ukukala imithwalo isakhi 9.2 amathani, ingcindezi zokulawula - 4.1. On oluvala amasondo ngamunye "1" futhi "3" kufanele ukulayisha mayelana 13.3 m.

ingcindezi Constructive axially "2" (lesemkhatsini umugqa longitudinal):

• Kusukela ezedlulayo lwamakholi odongeni, ugongolo onqenqemeni kanye ebusweni plinth efanayo umthwalo namagugu "1" ahlangene "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 kg.
• Cap ngisho nasekamelweni eliphezulu banayo double izibalo 2600 2400 = 5000 kg.

Ngezansi umthwalo wendlela esilawula futhi ekubalweni base isisekelo. Asetshenziswa Isibonelo amagugu eseduze:

• Kusukela esisekelweni: 2800 kg.
• Kusukela ekamelweni elisophahleni: 1400.

In summary: inani Inkomba ingcindezi ezakhayo kuyinto 10.5 t, imithwalo normative - 4.2 m "2"-eksisi abe isisindo mayelana 14700 kg ..

Ingcindezi ku-eksisi "A" futhi "B" (emgqeni transverse)

Ukubalwa lenziwa okusekelwe kwesakhiwo isisindo lwamakholi odongeni ligamanxa randbalok kanye cap (3, 0.5 no-2 m). Ingcindezi esisekelweni lezi zindonga kuyoba: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 kg.

Inombolo izigxobo

Ukucacisa inombolo zezinsika esigabeni 0.3 m, kubhekwa phansi ukumelana (R):

• Lapho R = 2,50 kg / cm² (wayevame ukusebenzisa ngesilinganiso) futhi sihlobene izicathulo endaweni 7,06 m² (ukuze kube lula, izibalo ukuthatha value sakugcina - 7 m²), kube inkomba yokuthi ikholomu eyodwa ethwele umthamo: P = 2.5 x 7 = 1 amathani angu-75.
• Isibonelo ekubalweni columnar isisekelo inhlabathi ukumelana R = 1,50 kuthatha ifomu elilandelayo: F = 1.5 x 1.05 = 7.
• Lapho R = 1,0 libhekene ikholomu eyodwa umthwalo umthamo p = 1.0 x 7 = 0.7.
• Ukumelana inhlabathi lwamanzi angaphansi izikhathi 2 ngaphandle okungenani value ithebula indices kuyinto 1.0 kg / cm². Emhlanganweni we-150 cm ukujula, isilinganiso siyizinsuku 0.55. Umthamo Ukuthela kukholamu kuyinto P = 0.6 x 0.42 = 7.

Ezikhethiwe ekhaya kudingeka umthamo 0.02 ukhonkolo m³.

ngokufakwa iphuzu

• Ngaphansi odongeni ophahleni: kanye imizila "1" futhi "3" nge isisindo ~ 13.3 m.
• Axis "2" nge isisindo ~ 14.700 kg.
• Ngaphansi odongeni ophahleni we-eksisi "A" futhi "B" nge isisindo ~ 5500 kg.

Uma udinga ukubala isisekelo ukudluliselwa, isibonelo izibalo amafomula zinikezwa ngenjongo izindlu ezinkulu. kungukuthi esetshenziselwa ezindaweni suburban. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze isisindo distribution, okudinga ukubala ngokucophelela inani izingongolo.

Izibonelo ekubaleni inani amakholomu zonke izinhlobo inhlabathi

Isibonelo 1:

R = 2,50 kg / cm²

Ukuze odongeni slabs kanye umgamu "1" futhi "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 izingongolo.

Ngokwe- "2"-eksisi:

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 PC.

Kanye kumasegmenti "A" futhi "B":

5.5 / 1.75 = 3.1.

mayelana 31 kuphela ikholomu. Volumetric isibonisi ukhonkolo okokusebenza 31 x 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

ISIBONELO 2:

R = 1,50

Through the "1" futhi "3" ~ izingongolo 12.

Ngokwe- "2"-eksisi ~ 14.

Kanye kumasegmenti "A" futhi "B" ~ 6.

Ubude ~ izicucu 50. Volumetric impahla isibonisi ukhonkolo ~ 1.0 m³.

ISIBONELO 3:

Ngezansi, ungakwazi ukufunda indlela esibala isisekelo Monolithic. Isibonelo onikelwa phansi nge etafuleni Inkomba R = 1,0. Kuthatha ifomu elilandelayo:

Through the "1" futhi "2" ~ 19 nama-PC.

Phezu kodonga "2" ~ 21.

Kanye kumasegmenti "A" futhi "B" ~ 8.

Ingqikithi - 75 izingongolo. Ivolumu Inkomba tintfo mbamba imayelana 1.50 m³.

Isibonelo 4:

R = 0,60

Through the "1" futhi "3" ~ PC 32.

Ngokwe- "2"-eksisi ~ 35.

Kanye kumasegmenti "A" futhi "B" ~ 13.

Ingqikithi - 125 okuthunyelwe. Ivolumu Inkomba tintfo mbamba imayelana 250 cc.

Ngo izibalo ezimbili zokuqala izigxobo ezifakiwe empambana we ngezimbazo emigqeni longitudinal - ne iphimbo efanayo. Ngaphansi engaphansi izindonga ekupheleni kwezihloko zezinsika baphonswa e kwagcizelela onqenqemeni ukhonkolo ugongolo formwork.

Isibonelo №3 ku intersecting izimbazo wahlela kukholamu 3. Inani efanayo elisekela babeqoqana eduze "1"-eksisi, "2" futhi "3". Phakathi bezindonga kulobu buchwepheshe sibizwa ngokuthi i-"ehlathini". On a "isihlahla" ehlukile liyadingeka ukusungula ezivamile w / w headroom-isihlenga isisekelo ukuqhubekisela phambili ukubekwa kwayo ezinsikeni, okuyinto zitholakala kwi-eksisi "A" futhi "B" randbalok.

ISIBONELO №4 ivumela ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo kanye izingxenye longitudinal imigca (1-3) ukwakha "ezihlabayo" 4 izingongolo nge okwengeziwe kokufaka kwabo kuphele izindonga, grills. On kubo ibekwe ngaphansi plinth ugongolo onqenqemeni.

isizinda tape

Ukuze uqhathanise, ngezansi ibalwa isisekelo strip. Isibonelo sinikezwa umbono we cm ukujula emseleni 150 (ububanzi - 40). Isiteshi ligcwele inhlanganisela isihlabathi 50 cm, it is eminye egcwele aphathekako ukuphakama imitha elilodwa. Kudinga ukuthuthukiswa inhlabathi (1,800 cc), sibeke ingxenyenamba isihlabathi (600) netintfo longatibona (1200).

Kusukela base 4-columnar ukuqhathanisa esithathwayo lwesithathu.

ukusebenza borer ukwenziwa endaweni 75 cm³ nge kabusha inhlabathi 1.5 cubic metres, noma ezincane izikhathi 12 (inhlabathi asele isetshenziswa backfill). Isidingo mix ukhonkolo - 150 cc, noma mayelana 8 ezincane izikhathi, futhi isihlabathi ingxenyenamba - 100 (idingeka ngaphansi imishayo asekelayo). isisekelo Eduze wadala ukuhlola imbobo evumela ukuba ukwazi isimo umhlabathi. Ngu idatha yethebula 1 no-2 kuyakhethwa ukumelana.

Okubalulekile! Imigqa phansi lezi idatha kuzovumela ukufeza ekubalweni setshe isisekelo - Yibekele isibonelo sokuba zonke izinhlobo umhlabathi.

Ukumelana inhlabathi sandy

Ithebula. 1

Inhlabathi ukumelana substrate, kg / cm ³

isihlabathi ingxenyenamba	Izinga ukuminyana
	obukhulu	Sredneplotny
elikhulu	4,49	3,49
Central	3,49	2.49
Small: malovlazhnogo / ezimanzi	3-2,49	2
Dusty: malovlazhnogo / ezimanzi	2,49-1,49	2-1

Ithebula. 2

Ukumelana ubumba umhlabathi

inhlabathi	izinga porosity	Ukumelana inhlabathi, kg / cm 3
		okuqinile	Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo
loam sandy	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
loam	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
ubumba umhlabathi	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

setshe isisekelo

Emfanekisweni wokuqala esigabeni ibalwa ipuleti ukujiya. Thatha nenqwaba isigamu-isikhala, okubandakanya isisindo ukufakwa, abami nomthwalo owengeziwe. Ngokusho lokhu inkomba kanye endaweni ipuleti ibalwa ngokuya ingcindezi isikhala emhlabathini ingenasisekelo isisindo isisekelo.

Kubalwa mass okuyinto awunazo ipuleti a ingcindezi predetermined enhlabathini (isihlabathi esihle kule sibalo kuyoba 0.35 kg / cm², i ukuminyana isilinganiso - 0.25, kanzima futhi ductile sandy loam - 0.5, udaka okuqinile - 0.5 kanye drapable - 0.25).

Le ndawo base akufanele idlule izimo:

S> KH × F / KP × R,

lapho S - izisekelo ematheni;

Kh - Coefficient ukucacisa ukuthembeka ukwesekwa (kwaba 1.2);

F - isisindo ingqikithi yazo zonke amapuleti;

Kp - Coefficient ukuthi inquma nemibandela umsebenzi;

R - Ukumelana kwenhlabathi.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• mass Mahhala lesi sakhiwo - 270 000 kg.
• Amapharamitha plan - 10x10, noma m² 100.
• Soil - umswakama loam 0.35 kg / cm².
• I kwabantu ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu kuyinto 2.7 kg / cm³.

Isisindo amapuleti lags ngu 80 t - iyona 29 cubes of mix ukhonkolo. izikwele 100, Uhlonze lwalo oluhambisana 29 cm, ngakho 30 esithathwayo.

Ubude ipuleti isisindo 2.7 x 30 = 81 ton;

Inani mass isakhiwo kuze kube sesisekelweni - 351.

I ipuleti has a ukushuba 25 cm: isisindo salo sikhulu 67,5 m.

Thola 270 + 67,5 = 337,5 (phansi nokucindezelwa 3,375 t / m²). Lena okwanele lolo evundile isakhiwo ukhonkolo nge usimende ukuminyana kokucindezelwa V22,5 (ipuleti uphawu).

Ukwakheka Incazelo ukudluliselwa

Moment MU kunqunywa ikhumbula isivinini somoya kanye endaweni isakhiwo, okwakwenza umthelela. fixing engeziwe iyadingeka, ngaphandle uma isimo elandelayo:

MU = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - ephakamisa amandla womoya isinyathelo ophahleni (kulesi sibonelo kuba 20.1 kN).

Q - ibalwa ubuncane umthwalo azilingani (ngombandela imisebenzi ke ilingana 2785,8 KPA).

Ngo ukubala nemingcele kubalulekile ukucabangela indawo yokwakha, khona izimila wamisa eziningi imiklamo. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa sezulu kanye izici umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Izibalo ezingenhla zisetshenziselwa imisebenzi engokomfanekiso. Uma kudingeka, isakhiwo self-wakha Kunconywa ukuba uthintane ochwepheshe.