Ubugqila e-United States: indlela olunameva embusweni wentando yeningi

Umlando wesintu igcwele zikhathi nezikulu elidabukisayo. Endleleni eya bathuthuke nokukhanyiselwa, cishe zonke uhlanga yakhetha ifomu esabekayo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, ezifana ebugqilini. I-United States, futhi, akazange ukubaleka Kulesigaba amnyama emlandweni walo ocebile emcimbini. Kusukela ekusungulweni kulelizwe lobugqila e-United States futhi waba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila evamile American.

E-United States kwamiswa, mhlawumbe, ifomu eyinqaba lobugqila emlandweni. Kwakheka ekujuleni capitalism American, ubugqila kubonakala lasungulwa ku nezokulima wemboni komnotho wezwe abasha. Abatshali American ngenxa ukusweleka okwedlulele etimakethe baphoqeleka ukuba iphendukele ukuxhashazwa izigqila abamnyama.

Ukusetshenziswa izigqila ushiye i isigxivizo ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on the ipulazi of onxiwankulu, okwenza kube lula, ekilasini angajwayelekile futhi engavamile slaveholders emlandweni emhlabeni. Abatshali American ngesikhathi - kuba olukhulu ngokuphelele yinqaba zamagama ngokuvamile kosozimali isigqila-eliyifa izici.

Ubugqila e-United States kuba iqoqo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinkinga kwezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho, civil kanye zomthetho, ngemibono, lohlanga, lomphakathi kanye nangesimo sezepolitiki, ziqothulwe amanga ekujuleni yomlando wase-America. Ukuvela leli fomu yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuba khona ensimini ka -Nyakatfo Melika, i-zwe elikhulu izikhala, ukudala izimo ezikahle kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo futhi ukuhamba kwayo endleleni ibhizinisi khulula.

Akumangazi-ke ukuthi kwakheka zonke izimfanelo for kumiswa ifomu ovulekile lobugqila njengoba ubugqila zezinzalamizi, lapho izinceku black babebhekwa njengezinhlanya amalungu omndeni disenfranchised Abatshali emhlophe. Lokhu kumayelana ngokuyinhloko uthi enyakatho. Eningizimu, abazalwane babeba abaqaphile kodwa uhlukile. Lapha ebugqilini classical yanda. Ngobusuku obandulela kulwiwa abuqede leli fomu yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, 89% izigqila abamnyama wahlala eningizimu.

Isimo wokugcina yenza nokuqeda ubugqila, kwaba isimo eningizimu - Mississippi. Plantation ebugqilini e-United States, ngokuba ibhizinisi elizimele kuletha inzuzo enhle besigaba ka kunosomabhizinisi baseMelika, eyathatha amakhulu eminyaka ecishe ibe mibili nesigamu, kwangibangela ukuphikisana elibukhali sphere kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe phakathi North American naseningizimu uthi. Ubugqila e-United States, awakhonzi nje kuphela ngenhloso nokunonophala nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kwezolimo, kodwa futhi ukuze uqinise ithonya zezombangazwe, zezenhlalo nezenhlalo Abatshali esikhulu senceku-enamaphiko.

Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi Dutch ngezigqila. Ngandlela-thile kamuva leli bhizinisi inzuzo futhi bajoyine shipowners British. Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala Dutch nge "lezimpahla bukhoma" wafikela ogwini ka Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika e Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1619 ngonyaka wokuqala. Waletha amabili izigqila abamnyama kweso wathenga bamakoloni abacebile emhlophe. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke emizini port nemizana babé luba khona njalo izikhangiso "izimpahla bukhoma". Kuze ekugcineni, ngo-1863, unyaka engakaze yamukelwa ukumenyezelwa ukuzimela, okuyinto, ngokukhethekile, okukhulunywe ngaye mayelana inadmissibility ukusetshenziswa izigqila.