Ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni Umshushisi: amafomu, izinto, izici,

Ukuhlanganyela umangalelwa nofana umangali ukulamula umbango umshushisi - kuyinto endaweni empeleni esasisesisha umsebenzi, okuyinto ukweleta indalo yayo kwesimiso emakhotho akhethekileko ekubhekaneni ukuxazululwa kokuphikisana kwezomnotho emazingeni yesifunda, kazwelonke noma esifunda, kanye imizi Petersburg naseMoscow, izifunda sikahulumeni. Lesi isilinganiso ukhonza njengomdala izindlela eziphumelelayo ukuze kuvikelwe ubugebengu kanye nokuqiniswa ngohlaka lomthetho emkhakheni umnotho, lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela amalungelo nezifiso umphakathi kanye nesimo.

Ummeli Izinselele Arbitration

Ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni umshushisi kungaphansi inqubo yokubulala omunye umsebenzi oyinhloko - ekuvikeleni umphakathi kanye nesimo. izithakazelo ngezizathu futhi amafomu, okuyinto kulawulwa Arbitrazh Procedure Code. Yena - umuntu kuphela isithakazelo zenqubo zomthetho umphumela. Umshushisi sonke isikhathi wenza izithakazelo besithathu, kodwa kuphela egameni lalo. Eqinisweni, le ingenye izinhlobo kuvikeleke izidingo umthetho uhlamvu esesidlangalaleni, kanye kuleyo ngxenye zikahulumeni kanye nokuzibusa wendawo.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi iqhaza ekuqhubeni umtjhutjhisi amabandla omphakathi kungaphansi aqiniswa APC RF iziqondiso nangokuhambisana esiqinile nalo. Umsebenzi asimeme kuleli cala hhayi lwenziwa. Umshushisi nguye esuka phakathi kwabantu asele abathatha iqhaza ekuqhubeni kuphela. Lokhu engavamile ngqo eMthethweni Federal "Ngo-Office Lomshushisi" (Article 35.): amandla wayo zinqunywa kuphela emthethweni zenqubo.

Ingabe bonke abashushisi amandla anjalo?

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlanganyela ekuqhutshweni umshushisi has ezinye izici. Igunya le ndlela akudingeki konke. Ngakho, ukusebenzisa kuMninimandla Arbitration Court anezimangalo kungaba Attorney General yezwe, kanye namasekela akhe. Okwamanje, isikhundla esemqoka Kunenkolelo Yu. Ya. Chayka. Abashushisi ezikhonzini WaseRussia, abashushisi ezikhethekile namaPhini abo Ungasingatha izimangalo lesifunda izinkantolo ukulamula umbango.

Yini indawo kunikezwa ekuqhutshweni ukulamula umbango wathi kumshushisi?

Ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni umshushisi nezinye izindikimba kulawulwa Arbitrazh Procedure Code. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sivumele isishaya-mthetho alicacisi yimuphi umehluko phakathi isimo sabo, ngokuletha umuntu kuqhame noma ukunikeza izinzuzo. Umshushisi kanye nabanye abantu abathintekayo icala ngubani, unamalungelo okulingana kanye nezibopho, ngaphandle kungenzeka ukumangalela ukuze ibuyekezwe asimeme. Kulindeleke ukuthi lesi simo ihlangabezana ngokugcwele isimiso ukulingana amaqembu enqubeni ukulamula umbango. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, it neze akudali izithiyo ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela abashushisi phambi imigomo emihle kanye nezinhloso.

Ummeli lesishaya uyazicabangela njengendlela ephelele ehlukile inhlangano ukulamula umbango inqubo. Uma wenza yesimangalo lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka amalungelo nezifiso isimo noma umphakathi, unawo izibopho efanayo ummangali, kanye ujabulela amalungelo afanayo. Ukukhethwa ukuthi kungenzeka ngemvume isivumelwano (zomhlaba). Ngamanye amazwi, Attorney iqhaza enqubeni ukulamula umbango ku isimo esifanayo zenqubo ukuthi amaqembu (ummangalelwa futhi kummangali). Nokho, amalungelo impahla has njalo nje umuntu ogama isithakazelo seluqaliwe icala. Inqubo, ummangali akuyona kuphela icala uma isenzo ulethwa ngumshushisi womphakathi ukuvikelwa okuthiwa izithakazelo non-siqu.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ukubamba iqhaza umshushisi ekuqhubeni, futhi kokubili kulawulwa Article 52 we Arbitrazh Procedure Code.

ihlangano yokulalelwa kwemilandu

Linqoba (ehamba phambili) lomsebenzi - lokhu Ukuqalwa sezinqubo ngezizathu ezithile, enze uhlu oluphelele lwazo okuyinto is ebalulwe eziyinkimbinkimbi Agro-kwezezimboni Russian Federation, ingxenye yokuqala Art. 52. Kulesi simo, kuthatha isikhundla kummangali, ogama izenzo nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela izintshisekelo komthetho womphakathi. Nokho, anakho okufanayo amalungelo zenqubo futhi benza imisebenzi efanayo. Esimweni lapho umshushisi enquma udlulisa isimangalo ngokumelene nabo, ummangali (uma ehilelekile inqubo) akaphelelwa ilungelo claim kokufaneleka.

Ukungena icala enqubeni arbitral

Ukuxoxa ifomu iqhaza lomshushisi ekuqhubeni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uhlobo lwesibili lesiRotuma. Yena nemithetho Arbitrazh Procedure Code e okwesihlanu Art. 52. Ngokusho kuyinsakavukela, umshushisi kungase ingenelele ecaleni, okuyinto ubheka inkantolo ukulamula umbango, kunoma yisiphi isigaba, ukuze kuqinisekiswe semthethweni yayo. Nokho, kuyodingeka imisebenzi zenqubo namalungelo ummangali, ngaphandle ekhethekile, lezo ahlelwe Arbitrazh Procedure Code (Art. 49). Okungukuthi, ukulinganiselwa ezithile isekhona. Kulesi simo, umshushisi eqinisweni akunjalo ummangali. Wamane engena inqubo ukulamula umbango esiqaliwe ngomunye umuntu.

Lapha kukhona isifaniso ukuthi iqhaza lomshushisi ekuqhubeni civil kanye ukulamula umbango (Art. 45, ch. 3 CCP RF), futhi ungasho, empeleni ukukhipha esiphethweni ngaleli cala.

Izinhlobo umshushisi izimangalo

Njengoba sesivele wathi, igunya ayo ukuba ahlanganyele ukulamula umbango izinqubo lwenteke ngokunika abameli izimangalo ngokuhambisana neSigaba 52 APC. Bafanelwe kusebenza lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izimangalo:

• Izitatimende inselele izenzo, kuhlanganise zomthetho, zikahulumeni. iziphathimandla zezwe, ohulumeni (sendawo), ezihlobene izithakazelo esisemthethweni futhi amalungelo ezakhamizi nezinhlangano emkhakheni imisebenzi yezomnotho, kuhlanganise kwezamabhizinisi.
• Ukuhlanganyela kumshushisi womphakathi ekuqhubeni kungenzeka lapho ukugcwalisa izimangalo ukuqashelwa yemisebenzi sizibophezele ohulumeni basekhaya, isimo. iziphathimandla Russian Federation noma izihloko yezwe, amabhizinisi ebumbeneko (kamasipala noma isifunda), kanye wodwana sabantu zomthetho, okuyinto has a dolobha share izici ngezansi.
• Izimangalo isicelo ngemiphumela nullity kuthengiselana ayivumelekile. Umbuthano sabantu, ukuvikelwa zazo kumshushisi womphakathi izenzo, ncamashí nalokho efakwe ohlwini esigabeni esandulele.

Ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni Umshushisi: nezinqubo tinchubo

Isitatimende kwesimangalo Umshushisi yoba kutfotjelwa izidingo amiswa yinhloko nantathu APC RF. Okungukuthi, ikhophi idokhumenti bese zonke Izijobelelo yayo kumele ithunyelwe kubo bonke abantu abakwazi ukubamba iqhaza. Esitatimendeni, amaphuzu umshushisi ngaphezu kwezimo ezithile futhi izizathu injabulo eyagcina kunjalo, njengoba isisekelo esingokomthetho, okungukuthi, enika ukubhekisela imithetho okuthile komthetho zenqubo neziqinile. Iyakuba ubuqiniso okukhethekile kanye nogqozi, njengoba kufanele idokhumenti iyawakha yizikhulu abanezizinda zomthetho. Ekubeni ukuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza abashushisi inqubo ukulamula umbango ayidingekile ukukhokha noma yiziphi izindleko enkantolo. Okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo kanye neminye imithetho, uma sisebenzisa enkantolo ukulamula umbango, kuhlanganise ungakhohlwa isimiso yomthetho noma ukwakheka (subjective) amaqembu leyo ngxabano.

amalungelo Ubufakazi futhi zenqubo

Kuyinto umthwalo ingakwamukeli ukuthi umshushisi ufuna amanga ubufakazi, njengoba inqubo ukulamula umbango kuyinto adversarial ngokwemvelo. Afake isicelo enkantolo anezimangalo, uqala ngokunikeza incazelo mayelana naleli cala futhi amaningi, uquketheni lowo isimangalo owethulwe kubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhaza ekufundweni zonke izinto kobufakazi, endaweni unelungelo ukubuza bonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, imibuzo kubahlanganyeli, kuhlanganise ochwepheshe abamenyiwe nabaphenyi.

Imininingwane Ukuhlanganyela ekuqhubeni umshushisi kangangokuthi uma nokuvumelana ngesikhathi ekuqhutshweni ukuthi icala kwafakwa ngokungenangqondo, ukuthi unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa wenqabe. Nokho, izenzo ezinjalo musa kuthinte umbono ummangali. Angase adinga ukuqhubeka inqubo kanye kokucubungula kokufaneleka.

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi umshushisi akuyona ummangali ejwayelekile, njengoba akazibandakanyi ingxabano impahla. Ngakho-ke asikwazi ukwenza isimangalo esiphikisayo. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukungafunwa abantu bayo isimangalo akusho kuhilelani ukuqedwa ukukhiqizwa icala.

I-oda iqhaza endabeni okuqalwe abanye

Sishilo kakade ukuthi Article 52 we-APK inikeza umshushisi ilungelo ukuze ujoyine inkantolo arbitral kubhekwe kunjalo nganoma yisiphi isigaba zenqubo. Ngamanye amazwi, it akugcini esibekiwe. Nokho, abashushisi ukhuza esinye isici - uhla izimo. uhlu yabo oluphelele Sokubambisana ingatholakala engosini ethi h. 1 tbsp. 52 AIC. Lapho ulungiselela kunjalo isilingo enkantolo umbuzo wokukhushulwa labo noma abanye abantu, kuhlanganise kumshushisi womphakathi, ijaji libona, kanjalo namabhizinisi athintene nezolimo kulokhu akudingi ke ukwazisa yokugcina imiphumela. Okwamanje, abameli abaningi bakholelwa impikiswano. Isaziso neziphathimandla asimeme ka emizameni yokuthuthukisa ekuqhutshweni ngezinye izikhathi ezifanele.

Izinhloso iqhaza ekuqhubeni umshushisi noma kunjalo isimo esifanayo, kodwa ehlukene zenqubo. Ngenxa yokuthi akusiyo kuleli cala uba kummangali, ke sinikezwe yemfanelo ezivamile kanye namalungelo. Ngakho, umshushisi kungaholela yazi nge zonke izinto leli cala, ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni nezinqumo senhlobo ezihlukahlukene izinkinga, ukuqoqa kanye nobufakazi samanje. Nokho, ngokungafani amafomu yangaphambilini ye ukuhlanganyela ukuhanjiswa isimangalo, awusebenzi ukunikeza incazelo enkantolo njengoba ummangali. Nakuba umshushisi singahlangana ngasiphi isigaba, kodwa "uxhumano" yakhe ekugcineni kuyoba engeke asebenze.

Kuphikisana izinqumo

Kunengqondo ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni umshushisi nezinye izitho futhi inikeza ithuba ukuba uphikise izenzo zokwahlulela, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingasebenzisi kakade sacala kusebenta. INkantolo Ephakeme ekuqhutshweni ingase ibuyekezwe kuphela esikhalazweni wombuthano uhlobo oluthile lwabantu. It is ochazwa ngumthetho. Lawa abantu efanayo banegunya ukufaka izimangalo.

Isikhalazo yanikezwa ukuchitha, kumele ihambisane nezidingo egcwele Arbitrazh Procedure Code (art. 165). Umshushisi ngubani bafaka ke, kuyinto ngqo iqhaza ekuqhubeni egcekeni ezifanele.

umbhikisho Lomshushisi

Ukubamba iqhaza umshushisi civil kanye ukulamula umbango inqubo okwabangelwa zokugcwalisa umbhikisho ukuze lokugada. I Institute izici zayo siqu. Attorney General yezwe kungathatha lesi sinyathelo maqondana nanoma ukwahlulela noma isinqumo, ngaphandle ukuthi eyenziwe Ephakeme KaHulumeni boPhezukonke Arbitration iGceke Russian Federation. Amasekela futhi wanika amandla anjalo. Abakwazi ukufaka isikhalo maqondana nezinqumo kanye izinqumo yanoma yiziphi zonke izinkantolo ukulamula umbango Russian ngaphandle Ophakeme.

Abashushisi ezifundeni yezwe abanalo amalungelo afanayo. Ukuhlola izimo ngendlela kokuqondisa waziphatha Ephakeme KaHulumeni boPhezukonke Arbitration Court yezwe, ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi lo enkantolo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ezehlukile, kanye izinyathelo kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa.

Izinkinga Umshushisi iqhaza enqubeni ukulamula umbango

Isimo sezomthetho mayelana Nelungelo umshushisi womphakathi njengoba umuntu onesandla ukuhlolwa icala inquma Arbitrazh Procedure Code. Mhlawumbe uhlobo ebaluleke kakhulu iqhaza salo ukuqalisa tinchubo, futhi enze uhlu oluphelele lwazo izizathu lokhu kusakhela sivumele isishaya-mthetho. Ekusebenteni, uhlu oluningiliziwe ezinjalo izimbangela ubunzima obukhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuthinta nendlela abashushisi. Ake sicabangele kafushane amaphuzu asemqoka impikiswano.

Okokuqala, iqhaza ekuqhubeni ukulamula umbango umshushisi kuyinto ukuthengiselana ikakhulu eziyinselele. Lezi zenzo abazenzi evikela isimo, izinhlangano wezwe, kahulumeni (sendawo) noma izinhlangano kwezentengiselwano inhlokodolobha owned by izinhlangano efakwe ohlwini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvumelana Arbitrazh Procedure Code, Art. 52, umshushisi unelungelo ukuba bamemeze ngempela imfuneko ukuze umuntu ukuqashelwa uphikise amalungelo bezindawo, kungaba kuphela inselelo kuthengiselana, futhi ngaphakathi isimiso ukulinganiselwa. Yena akanamandla ezimweni lapho State. impahla kungaphansi ngenombolo yemisebenzi eyenziwa zilandelana.

Okwesibili, ngokungafani kuya ekuqhutshweni isinyathelo ezimweni ezisuka kusukela neminye imisebenzi zobudlelwano nomphakathi we umshushisi sifuna ukuvikela izithakazelo kanye namalungelo ezakhamuzi, izinkampani kanye nezinye izinhlangano emkhakheni ibhizinisi. Article 192-APK RF emvumela ukuba uthumele isicelo sokuqashelwa yanoma yimuphi izenzo zomthetho isibhakabhaka, inqobo nje uma kukhona iphelele noma ingxenye akazange athobele umthetho noma ezinye PPA kokuba lomthetho ephakeme. amandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo ukulamula umbango umthetho nenqubo, ngokungafani civil, akuhambisani ikhono bavikele izithakazelo elingacacisiwe abantu umshushisi.

In practice, lokhu uhumusha okulandelayo. ABO lokungafani emkhakheni kwezomnotho komthetho namazinga ngaphandle ukukwazi uwasuse ukuze yempendulo lomshushisi, kumelwe phambi asesebenzisa inkantolo, ukuthola labo amalungelo abo i- kuleli cala. Lokhu inkimbinkimbi kakhulu umsebenzi futhi kudinga isikhathi esithile oqothulayo. Nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi zonke izenzo zomthetho isicelo inombolo ngokuphindaphindiwe nanini abantu, ngakho-ke, ukushicilelwa NPA emthethweni njalo a priori kwephula izithakazelo zabo. Neoptimistichnoe simo wezasekhaya kuqinisekiswa izibalo. Ekusebenteni, abashushisi bafaka isicelo ememezela ayivumelekile le PPA ube nekghono ongaphakeme, imiphumela imisebenzi enjalo azinakwa.

nobunzima Elikhulu futhi usethe ukusebenzisa isikhathi izinyanga ezintathu. countdown yakhe iqala esikhathini lapho isakhamuzi ngafunda ukuthi amalungelo lakhe ucishe adicilelwe. Prakthiza kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye bathi mayelana nale mfuneko impracticable. ihhovisi lomshushisi awulona zikwazi ukuba isivikelo esinjalo. Mhlawumbe kuphela indlela aphume isimo kungenziwa eshiwo lesishaya ukukhuphula umkhawulo isikhathi zokugcwalisa izimangalo icala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi eziningi zinikeza ukunikeza ehhovisi amandla lomshushisi ezengeziwe. Okungukuthi, ukufaka kumangala ku ukuqashelwa yomthetho neziqinile, le semthethweni sokubhalisa, futhi nokuvulwa nesibhamu esingekho emthethweni impahla.

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhubeni umshushisi, imisebenzi kanye namafomu zazo wawubekela imithetho eqinile, kuba umbuzo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi theory. Ukungapheleli oshayiwe practice ngokuvamile kuholela nobunzima, ukubambezeleka ukunciphisa ukusebenza ehhovisi lomshushisi. Ukuba khona ukuphikisana ezithile e nomthetho obusa isikhungo bayasazi umkhuba hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi theorists. Nokho, akukho izinguquko eziphawulekayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze is bazicabange.