Ukufumbathisa kwezohwebo: izici kanye nezici eziyinhloko

Namuhla ezweni lethu kukhona inani elikhulu lobugebengu bezomnotho, kanti omunye wabo uyisifumbathiso sokuhweba, okuyisisongo ekusebenzeni kwayo okujwayelekile. Leli gama lisho izinhlangothi ezimbili eziphambene nobugebengu. Okokuqala ukuthola imali engekho emthethweni, ukugcinwa kwempahla kanye neminye impahla noma izinsizakalo zohlu lomhlaba ngumuntu owenza imisebenzi yokuphatha enhlanganweni (ezentengiselwano noma okunye) ukuthunyelwa kwezenzo (ukushiywa) ngokuqondene nomuntu ophayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufumbathiswa kwezohwebo kubhekwa njengokudluliselwa okungemthetho kumuntu obhekene nemisebenzi yokuphatha enhlanganweni, izinto ezibalulwe ngenhla zibhekene nokufumbathisa, ngokwenza izenzo (ukushiya) ngokuqondene nomnikezeli.

Into eyinhloko yalolu bugebengu yimisebenzi ejwayelekile yenhlangano, engahlotshaniswa nezikhungo noma izinhlaka zikamasipala noma zomasipala. Kungasho ukuthi umthetho waseRussia ku-Article 204 we-Code Criminal we-Russian Federation uhlanganisa nobugebengu obuseduze phakathi nalesi sikhathi: ukufumbathisa ngendlela yokuthola umholo ongemthetho nokufumbathisa ngendlela yokunikeza umholo ongemthetho. Ezimweni lapho ukufumbathisa kuhambisana nokuphanga, kungenzeka ukubhekisisa izithakazelo kanye namalungelo ezinhlangano, izakhamuzi, izithakazelo ezivikelwe ngokomthetho zombuso nomphakathi njengezinto ezengeziwe.

Esikhathini salo, ukufumbathiswa kwezebhizinisi kuyinto ehluke kakhulu isifumbathiso. Ngokuyinhloko, into yokuthola isifumbathiso ibhekwa njengenzuzo yemvelo, futhi into yokufumbathisa ibhekwa njengamasevisi angaphansi kwempahla engekho emthethweni. Ngokungafani nezifumbathiso, ukufumbathiswa kwezebhizinisi kungukuthi izenzo ezingekho emthethweni kuphela (ukungasebenzi). Uma kukhona isifumbathiso, umbukiso ububanzi: izinyathelo zomthetho nezingekho emthethweni (ukungahambisani nokuziphatha), ukuvumelanisa kanye nokuphathwa ngokugcwele emsebenzini. Ukuziqhenya kubhekisela ekuhlulekeni ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphulwa nokushiya ukusebenza. Ukubamba iqhaza kukukhuthazwa okungafanelekile, ukukhushulwa.

Ukufumbathisa kwezohwebo kungubugebengu obuncane (Ingxenye 1 ye-Code Criminal) kanye nobukhulu obulinganiselayo (uma kuhlukaniswa izingxenye 2-4). Ukukhwabanisa kubhekwa njengezenzo lapho indaba yayo ingadluliselwa kumuntu owenza ngokuqondile imisebenzi yokuphatha, kodwa nakwabantu abaseduze nabomdabu. Yiqiniso, kunesimo esisodwa esibophezelayo lapha: indoda esebenzisa imisebenzi yokuphatha kufanele ivumelane nokudluliselwa kwezinto noma ungenqabeli kulokhu futhi usebenzise isisombululo sakhe esisemthethweni ngokuqondene nomuntu obamba inkohlakalo.

Leli cala libhekwa liphelele ngemuva kokuthola okuphelele noma okuyingxenye (ukudluliselwa) kwempahla engekho emthethweni noma amasevisi. Izizathu zokuthola noma zokudlulisela isifundo sobugebengu zingacaciswa noma zimbozwe ngokukhokhwa kwemali, isipho, ukulahlekelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umzamo wokuzama ukufumbathisa. Kulesi simo, umzamo isimo lapho enye yezinhlangothi zenqabe ukwamukela (ukudlulisela) umholo ongemthetho, kanti omunye umuntu uthatha izinyathelo ezithile ukwenza lokhu, hhayi nje ukuveza izinhloso zalo kule ndaba.