Ukulayisensa indlela yamalayisense: umqondo, imisebenzi eyisisekelo kanye nemisebenzi. izenzo normative zomthetho kohlelo amalayisense

Umqondo indlela yamalayisense uvame lisetshenziswe ngomqondo obanzi. Libhekisela ukusungulwa oda zomthetho nezokulawula enikeza ukulawula iziphathimandla zomphakathi phezu ikhomishana izenzo ezithile noma ukuthola amandla ethize ngabanye nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Licensing indlela yamalayisense uyilungiselelo umthetho emikhulu esehlanganise umkhakha kobudlelwane obuningi phakathi kwabantu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kohlelo sokulayisensa ezincwadini zesayensi wembula ngempela ngokujulile futhi kahle, abalobi zomthetho neze ukukhuluma ngendima ngqongqotshe ekusebenzeni izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho, liyini uhlelo ilayisensi, wakheke yayo kanye izici?

Kafushane imisebenzi amalayisense zikahulumeni

Ukulayisensa nemisebenzi evumela abazenzi ngokukhethekile abameleli omkhulu amandla izakhiwo, ngoba injongo yayo eziyisisekelo ukunikeza ukuphepha ezingeni likazwelonke. Kulula ukuba avumelane yokuthi ngisho sphere ehlukene izimo ezibalulekile emphakathini kungasilimaza kakhulu uma behlanganyela akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo, indiva imithetho, iziqondiso, amazinga. Ukuze labo akunakubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali, ukukhiqizwa izimoto nokunye. D. Ngakho, ukuze bafeze imisebenzi enjalo kungaba ngemvume isiphathimandla esifanele abanekhono.

UMthetho Federal № 99 "Ngo-kwamalayisensi imisebenzi ethile" siyisisekelo eliyisisekelo wezomthetho kanye nokulawulwa, okuyinto esetshenziswa isakhiwo umsebenzi wabo professional ekuxazululeni, futhi ukhonza njengephayona incarnation oqondile izimiso umsebenzi amalayisense eRussia. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• ukuhlanganisa emthethweni oqondile noma ukuvinjelwa ngokungaqondile - esunguliwe ukuthi ziphathelene oluthile umsebenzi kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuthola imvume;
• ukuqaliswa kwamalayisense evumela umsebenzi ezimweni yokungalaleli yenhlangano;
• ukulawula kanye nokuqondisa phezu ukuhambisana izinhlangano eziye wathola izimvume, imithetho ukuqaliswa imisebenzi efanele;
• ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo zomthetho sibhekwe ngokumelene abantu, futhi mthetho balethwa sezomthetho zomthetho.

Uyini ilayisensi ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani eziyinhloko futhi injongo

Namuhla, izinhlobo iningi ngokuvumela igama ilayisensi izibambiso. Kulokhu, izakhamuzi esetshenziswa amanye amagama:

• ilungelo lokulawula (imoto);
• ukubekezelelana (ukwenza umsebenzi nge ingozi okusezingeni eliphezulu);
• quota (sokuhlala yesikhashana isakhamuzi ngabafokazi Russian Federation);
• isitifiketi ziqu (ukuhlola ikhadi umshayeli).

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa imvume ekhishwe izakhamuzi nezinhlangano kohlaka uhlelo amalayisense, emiphumeleni efanayo, kodwa injongo ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, nesiqondiso esikhishwe ngesisekelo ukugunyazwa umthetho owodwa ukuba nokwenzeka sokuphoqa we abangaphansi, futhi ukulethwa yesikhathi esisodwa kwemibhalo efana, isibonelo, imvume umshado ekuseni, akusho kungase kukhinyabeze ukuphepha komphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho akudingi ukwengamela okwalandela. Esinye isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele - idokhumenti imfundo: diploma obufakazela iziqu, uvumela umuntu ukuba luthathe lokhu noma lokhuya okuthunyelwe. Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi anakho diploma eshalofini angenamkhawulo ukuphila, akusona isiqinisekiso aphoyintimenti. Umkhuba othile kwezemfundo, njengoba umthetho, zidinga ilayisensi.

Izici indawo ubuqiniso ngokuvumela amadokhumenti

zikahulumeni kokuba ubuchwepheshe eyanele emkhakheni wezomthetho, uyixazululile kuncike udaba izimvume ngomsebenzi ngamunye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekhishwe iziphathimandla federal, engenayo imingcele indawo ekusebenziseni.

Esimweni lapho imvume ikhishwe abasemagunyeni zesifunda a subject olunikeziwe, ungashintsha nebhizinisi efanele kuphela phakathi kwemingcele yayo indawo. Ngakho, ilayisensi (ukugunyazwa) ohlelweni eMoscow enezinto eziningi umehluko kusuka kokubili nhlelo zokusebenzisa kwezinye izifunda of Russia, isisindo ukufana. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni iningi isiRashiya, e Umq. H. Isihloko, yokusebenza TSLRR ukuthi ahlinzeke lonke isimo elingenazinkinga ilayisensi ukusebenza uhlelo imvume. Kusukela Petersburg ukuba Vladivostok, kusukela Arkhangelsk ukuba Orenburg - Centers for ukukhishwa kwamalayisense evumela umsebenzi ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi iseluleko ekuklanyweni izimvume.

Ukuhlola ilayisensi ekhishwe

Ezingeni federal wathola imvume uhlobo oluthile umsebenzi ungaba isinyathelo ephakade. Ezimweni eziningi isikhathi obuncane isihloko namalayisense esiyiminyaka emithathu. Lapho ilayisensi iphelelwa isikhathi, imisebenzi elihambisana akufanele kwenziwe.

Esimeni ushintsho umsebenzi zidinga ukuthola imvume umsebenzi. Ukulayisensa Uhlelo usebenza imodi ethile yokuphathwa, ngakho-ke kufaka Inombolo yezenzo zomthetho ezithile, ukulandelana futhi isimiso okuyinto evunywe izenzo zomthetho ezikhethekile.

Isiteji esasivumela icala: indlela eya ekutholeni ilayisensi

Umqondo "ukunika amandla ukukhiqizwa" amagama has a uxhumano obuseduze kwencazelo uhlelo amalayisense, kodwa ngokungafani kuyasiza ukucabanga esigabeni yokuhlala inqubo yokuphatha kanye esimele ngamunye wabo:

• pre - isigaba excitation icala;
• Ukuhlolwa isinyathelo, inkomba iziphathimandla abanekhono imibhalo, nokunye d..;
• ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kanye nokuqaliswa kwalo;
• ngokugadwa okwalandela ukuhambisana nemithetho kwalabo abamukela ilayisensi ngokusemthethweni.

ilayisensi Production (imvume) uhlelo, kwezinye izimo, futhi kuhilela khona izinyathelo ezengeziwe: Igunya lesikhashana kwabafundisayo (bakwazi ukuzivocavoca imisebenzi kuzinhlelo), sokuvuselelwa kwelayisensi kanye ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo sibhekwe. Lezi zinyathelo ozikhethela, r. F. Vuka evela ekusetshenzisweni izinyathelo zangaphambilini.

Indlela isicelo semvume (ilayisensi)?

Ukuqala ukukhiqiza ukuvinjelwa kuqhathaniswa zokuvumela noma yini, okuyinto ngokuhlangana ne isithakazelo yangasese, ngokushesha ababambe iqhaza ukuze afake isicelo selayisensi, futhi kubalulekile ukuba ivumele excitation kuqhubeka icala. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukusebenzisa isihloko kufanele kwandulelwe ukulungiselela ezithile - ukuhlangana amaphepha afanele, izinyathelo yenhlangano, inkokhelo amasevisi igunya uhlelo amalayisense, okuyinto akufanele kube ephakeme ukwedlula ubuncane kathathu amaholo.

Mayelana indawo ngokuvumela yokubhalisa yebhizinisi isitifiketi isicelo, okuhilela okubangela imisebenzi inhlangano enamandla nsuku saziso ukucabangela isikhalazo futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe umfakisicelo ukuthi ukuhambisana nezidingo kwamalayisense ihambisana ngokucacile olunikezwa ububanzi ekhethiwe isimiso kusemthethweni, kwemvelo, izinkambiso sanitary imiyalelo umlilo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze umuntu ukubeka phambili ezidinga ukutholakala izindawo ezifanele futhi imishini yabo lobuchwepheshe, abasebenzi neziqu, nokunye. E., Njengoba kubonakala ku 99 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo namalayisense ezithile imisebenzi."

Kungani ukwenqaba lokukhipha amalayisense: Izimbangela

Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo isimiso esifanayo kuchazwe imigomo isicelo - ezinsukwini ezingu-30 futhi okufakiwe imibhalo ukuze umuntu othakazelayo kufanele anikwe noma waphika. Izizathu eziyinhloko sezinqumo negative yemizimba abanekhono iba:

• ukunikezwa kolwazi zamanga ngumfakisicelo;
• ukuguquguquka tesifundvo nezimfuneko zomthetho nemibandela yokuthola ilayisensi.

Iphuzu lokugcina kunemithelela ebanzi, ngakho-ke ungakwazi zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene wokwalelwa ukukhipha imvume uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, e imithetho elawula ekusebenziseni uphenyo yangasese kanye nokuvikelwa azakhamuzi lenqabe ukukhiphela ilayisensi uma:

• ukungafani yobudala nenqubo (Umfakisicelo kumele abe ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-21 ubudala);
• ekutholeni umuntu ngesikhathi Dispensary esikhungweni sokuqondisa nempilo yengqondo noma ukwelashwa izidakamizwa;
• ophethe icala, umthetho lobugebengu kusolwa;
• nerekhodi lobugebengu;
• umhlalaphansi okuyimpoqo elisezingeni isisebenzi sikahulumeni (e Umq. h. we abomthetho, izinkantolo), imbangela okuyinto wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona icala kwezigwegwe kokuyekethisa.

Uma ofaka isicelo senqatshelwa igunya ilayisense imvume, angase afake isicelo nokufuneka ukuqhuba kokuxilongwa ezimele. Isihloko unelungelo lokukhetha inhlangano sokugunyazwa lesi ezifanele. Examination wenziwa isikhathi esilinganiselwe, okuyinto ngeke sidlule izinyanga ezimbili kusukela ngosuku isinqumo omubi isicelo selayisense.

Ngokucacile imvume ifa nezibhamu

Njengomthetho, ukulungiswa imvume isicelo Okuthwesa umqhele esigabeni esiphezulu, kodwa kwezinye izimo kokulenza yesixazululo imisiwe. Isibonelo okuphawuleka inqubo enikeziwe 150 FL "Ngo Izikhali". Ngemva kokuthola imvume, umfakisicelo unelungelo ukuthola isibhamu, kodwa emva kokuthenga kumele ibhaliswe ku womnyango wamaphoyisa ngoba ezinsukwini ezingu-14. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho umnikazi izikhali wakhipha yokuvumela USB. Ngakho, uhlelo selayisense izikhali imfuneko ehlukene yokwenza isenzo ezengeziwe: bathole imvume kuqala ukuthenga, futhi ngemva kwakhe - kwisitoreji.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho besanda ukubulawa ukwahlulela kwezibopho Authority, elikhiphe ilayisense, futhi kufaka phakathi kokufaka idatha ezidingekayo Register (ulwazi mayelana welayisensi, isikhathi ubuqiniso iphemithi, incazelo emfushane uhlobo umsebenzi). Kamuva encwadini okubhalwa zizokwenziwa idatha abangu ilayisensi okwesikhashana lapho, kungaba kuncike sokubuyiselwa noma ukuhoxiswa kwawo. Kulokhu, ulwazi oluqukethwe kwirejista, akuyona oluyimfihlo. Ngesicelo kahulumeni kanye abomthetho inikezwa mahhala, ukuba abantu ziqu kanye nezinhlangano kuyodingeka ukhokhe imali isethi yokujwayelana ulwazi lokubhalisa.

eyayilawulwa uMbuso sabantu abaye bathola ilayisensi

Ukulayisensa system for izikhali kuhilela elementi a kokuqondisa saziso phezu ukuqaliswa amalungelo womnikazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komphakathi. Uma umnikazi welayisensi ngedokhumenti zokuvumela noma ethola ilungelo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, iziphathimandla abanekhono liyoba nelungelo ukulawula futhi ukuhlola ukuthi inani nekuhambisana nezimfuneko zomthetho, imithetho kanye nemibandela. Ngo-150 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Izikhali" kugcwele uhlu izinto sibhekwa ngamaphoyisa. Lezi zihlanganisa izikhali hhayi kuphela (kufaka ekhatsi umsebenti, smoothbore, igesi amavolovolo, njll ..), Kodwa kanye nezinhlamvu, izinto eziqhumayo. Ngaphansi kuhlolwa ezindabeni zangaphakathi ejensi kukhona izinkampani ezikhiqiza noma ukuthengisa izikhali, kanye ukulungisa workshops izikhali izitolo, izinkampani zonogada, ngokudubula amabanga.

Iziphathimandla abanekhono futhi isakhiwo Interior Ministry ohlelweni amalayisense Unelungelo:

• ukuhlolwa unscheduled semisebenzi ukuhambisana kwenziwe ngumnikazi welayisensi, nezimfuneko zomthetho;
• ukuthumela isicelo selayisensi evela kumnikazi we imibuzo ezidingekayo, izincazelo;
• akhiphe test yezifiso (encwadini yezEnzo ibonisa imiphumela, sinake ukwephula);
• wenze izinqumo okudinga umuntu zihlolwe ukuqeda ukwephulwa ezitholakele ngesikhathi esinomkhawulo;
• udaba izexwayiso ukumiswa noma ukuhoxiswa kwawo semvume.

Injongo amalayisense uhlelo kanye nendzima yayo isimo

Abezomthetho banekhono futhi nakwezinye izinto eziphathelene nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi asimeme. Ngakho, ilayisensi (ukugunyazwa) simiso Russia olandela injongo zokuzivikela njengabo ukuze kuvinjelwe imiphumela emibi indiva imithetho wezomthetho kanye nokulawulwa elawula nezinqubo kwegazi kanye nokusebenzisa izinto eziyingozi, izinto, ukuqaliswa imisebenzi, okuyinto has ukubaluleka kuyisidingo somphakathi wanamuhla. Ukulayisensa (amalayisense) uhlelo evumela isimo ukuze objectify siqu zokuphatha kanye kwemtsetfo imodeli zabo by anamathisela izinyathelo ezifanele zenhlangano.

Ngokuvamile, izidumbu amalayisense ngesikhathi esifanayo afeze yisiphosiso zokuphatha. emizimbeni EnguMbusi lokugada nokulawula, kusukela ilayisense imvume uhlelo uthi baphoqelelwa ukuba wazise igunya selayisense ukwephulwa siyachazwa. izimvume Umnikazi yena, akanalo ilungelo ukuvimbela nokufezeka kwentando ukuhlolwa, kufanele nokunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo bese uhambisa kudokhumenti esekelayo.