Virage tuberculin test ezinganeni: kubangela, izimpawu, uphethwe nezici ukwelashwa

Tuberculin isikhumba test ngokuthi indlela zokuxilonga sokunquma nozwela umuntu lesifo sofuba. Ukuhlolwa ukunquma ukuthi isifo sofuba ukutheleleka emzimbeni likhona. I inguqulo evamile isivivinyo - Mantoux test.

Kuyini ngokuthi superelevation tuberculin test

Abazali abaningi kuqala ukuzwa sitholakele "Bend sofuba test", cela ukuthi kuyini. Superelevation ngokuthi tuberculin isampula wokuqala omuhle, inqobo nje uma kwatholakala ukuthi azinaso kulo yi. Isizathu kungaba ejikeni noma lokugoma ngokumelene sofuba, isifo noma izifo ezithile. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuthi wake wezwa elithi, ningatatazeli: I-isiqinisekiso sokugcina uphethwe umntwana kudingeka zidlule eziningana ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe. Futhi kuphela emva luhlolo igcwele, dokotela ongasenza ukuxilongwa eziqondile.

Mantu

Mantoux test libizwa Asabela kanjani umzimba hit tuberculin. Emkhakheni umjovo izidakamizwa livela ukuvuvukala isici kubangelwa egazi obhekene amasosha omzimba. Uma umzimba womuntu owenziwe kahle khona igciwane sofuba, endleleni umzimba osabela ngayo umjovo kuyoba bunzima kakhulu futhi isampuli ukukhombisa umphumela omuhle. Ngu yokulinganisa nombusi okuthiwa papule (ngamazwi alula singathi, "inkinobho" Mantoux), ukunquma degree of ukusabela amasosha omzimba womuntu ukuze igciwane lesifo sofuba. Ekwakhiweni Mantoux test kungavunyelwe khona isikhumba noma ezithathelwanayo izifo kanye iziguli yokungezwani komzimba oyingozi.

Indlela Abasabela Ngayo Isivivinyo ezinganeni

Ezimweni eziningi, le ngane asabela ngayo umjovo we engeyinhle. Labo abasele abanga-30% wezingane isampuli inika kuyangabazeka noma eyeqile.

Umzimba wengane ubhekene igciwane lesifo sofuba zisencane. imbewu eletha impahla Koch sika lokumehlukanisa ngesilinganiso Ukungena ku umzimba womuntu. Nge ebuthaka amasosha omzimba ukutheleleka ngokushesha ingena emzimbeni futhi ihlala kulo ukuphila. I-ejenti causative isifo sofuba angeke ukuzibonakalisa kuze izimo ukusabalala. Inqubo ukuxhumana igciwane lesifo sofuba umzimba wengane kunzima kakhulu. Ngo ephezulu iqembu kuhlanganisa nezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3. Kule nkathi yama-90% ukutheleleka engena emzimbeni kuholela ukubukeka kwalesi sifo.

Zonke izingane zigonywe sofuba minyaka yonke ibhekane tuberculin inqubo yokuhlola.

A yi test omuhle

Virage tuberculin test ezinganeni - ushintsho ashukumisayo kumphumela negative okwesikhathi omuhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inqubo ihlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Ngo yi kuyangabazeka noma emibi kwatholakala test primary.
2. Ukuhlolwa yesibili yembula ukwanda ukuvuvukala kuya ku-15 mm.
3. yokuqinisekisa okwalandela kwabonisa papules azonyuka ngo 5 mm kuqhathaniswa ne esigabeni sesibili.

Sitholakele "ebeligciniwe test tuberculin" ezinganeni abangazange okwamanje wathi ukuthi ingane wayehlushwa isifo sofuba. Ukwandisa papules ngezinye izikhathi kungaba umphumela ukusabela iguliswa umjovo. Kodwa njengoba umthetho, baphendukela kubonisa khona kwezifo amagciwane umzimba wengane. udokotela uphethwe esichazayo sinquma isiguli kokuxilongwa ezengeziwe.

Umbono ka-Dkt Komarovsky

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi umbono wezingane owaziwa Evgeniya Olegovicha Komarovskogo goba lokuvivinywa tuberculin ezinganeni. Udokotela uthi i-positive Mantoux test yi kubonisa khona ingane emzimbeni imbewu eletha tubercle. Inqubo papules okwandisa ukhuluma ukuthuthukiswa amasosha omzimba. Komarovsky Landelayo weluleka ukwenza ukusihlola ingane: kudlule ukuxilongwa okujuli-, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, X-ray ukukwenza. Uma lezi zinyathelo isikuqinisekisile uphethwe wokulungiselela, ukuqala ukwelapha isifo sofuba. Uma izinsolo kungukuthi ukuqinisekisile, ingane ubhekwa enempilo, futhi izinyathelo ezengeziwe for ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa ke akudingekile.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho phi khonondo uphethwe. Kuvamile lokhu uma isithombe-X-ray ayikwazi ngokuhunyushwa nangokunembile. Kulokhu, u-Eugene O. uMkhandlu ukuqhuba imithi "isoniazid". Virage tuberculin test has a chance ukuze ukhule ube umuntu sofuba kweqiniso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungathatha 5, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho iminyaka engu-10, futhi ingelashwa ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kuye abe nobulwelwe yangempela.

Ehlile amathuba okushona inqubo enjalo kuyinto 0.5%, kodwa nokho, ezimweni eziningi, odokotela kanye reinsured-antibiotic zaphathwa izingane. Kulesi simo, Dr. Komarovsky leluleka abazali ukuthi ungayethembi odokotela, avamise ezingasebenzi bese batsatsa tincumo ngekutakhela bebodwa.

Ukusetshenziswa "Isoniazid"

Inqubo nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba lide, ikakhulukazi kusukela lapho beqeda kudingeka ukuba isiguli sibe nokuvuselelwa ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, nokuvinjelwa sofuba - kube into eza kuqala kuka inqubo yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa goba tuberculin isivivinyo izingane "Isoniazid" - ebalulekile imisebenzi yokulawula TB. Izifundo ukufakazela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa "Isoniazid" ukunciphisa by 90% ematfuba ukuthuthukiswa isifo sofuba kubantu ezazincishwe itheleleke.

Umuthi sithinta igciwane lesifo sofuba ekhona esiphelweni isigaba, kanye nesifo obulala izilokazane ezincane esigabeni yokuphumula. Ukusebenza kahle okusezingeni eliphezulu zomuthi siyenzeka hhayi kuphela ekwelapheni isifo sofuba, kodwa ngesikhathi prophylaxis. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini kufanele kube ukusetshenziswa "Isoniazid" kuphela labo izimo lapho uphethwe yabonisa sobala engcupheni lesi sifo. Umuthi kuboniswa kuphela iziguli kabani uphethwe ivumela amagciwane unesifo noma sofuba kusikisela amathuba ukuthuthukiswa amafomu asebenzayo lesi sifo.

"Isoniazid" okunqunyiwe izingane ukuxhumana abathwala lesi sifo. ngemuva kwezinyanga 3 imithi oyinikiwe ingane ukuhlolwa Mantoux. prophylactic nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa izinga izingane ezingu-2. "INH" kuthathe 10 mg amakhilogramu esisindo isiguli ngasinye ngosuku.

Ingozi yokutheleleka kusukela ingane

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene olwenziwa epidemiologists abonisa ukuthi inkambo classical sofuba izingane akuvamile igciwane kwabanye abantwana noma abadala. ukukhwehlela Wezingane iqukethe cishe awekho isikhwehlela, futhi ukukhwehlela ababuthakathaka ibenze ingane akakwazi fafaza amagciwane izinhlayiya emoyeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo indlela intsha eziphatha ngayo emaphaketheni enkulu isifo, bangadlulisela sifo. Ekukhombeni sofuba yamaphaphu ingane, odokotela abaningi batusa ukuba bahlukanise nesineke abasha. Nokho, it is wafakazela ukuthi isilinganiso esinjalo ayidingeki: ujike test tuberculin ezinganeni akuvamile ngocansi.