Ukuhlaziywa jikelele izinkomba igazi: izinga ezinganeni nakubantu abadala

Lapho umuntu ephenduka ukuze udokotela uma unanoma iluphi uhlobo izimpawu, udokotela inikeza ucwaningo saziso. Qedela segazi kumane nje kuyingxenye ngokusemthethweni uhlu lwala nezinqubo. Phela, ngokukadokotela ucwaningo ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nesimo zabantu bebonke. Ngisho nochwepheshe abanolwazi ayikwazi ukuxilonga isiguli kuphela ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa igazi, kodwa namanje lokhu ubonisa kulokho isiqondiso ukuhambisa.

Ukulungiselela umnikelo wegazi ukuze uyihlaziye

Imiphumela cwaningo banikwa ukwaziswa esiphezulu ngesimo wezempilo wesiguli, kubalulekile nokukulungiselela. Kukhona ukuhlaziywa ezithile jikelele igazi nemingcele. Kuyinsakavukela idatha ihlukile abadala kanye nezingane. Ngokusekelwe izibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nesineke izifundo idatha, udokotela eyonquma ukuthi kukhona ukuphambuka kusuka lezi kwezinkambiso lamukelwa endaweni yonke. Ukuze baphendukezele imiphumela yokuhlaziya, okungaholela ekuxilongweni, thatha izidakamizwa notshwala ngosuku olwandulela akunika igazi akuyona efiselekayo kakhulu. Kukhona olunye uhlelo ukulungiswa ukulethwa impahla ucwaningo, nazi ayinhloko:

1. Igazi asuka nesineke ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho. Kungesiwo isidlo ukudla oily noma okubabayo. Ngabhema noma okusemathinini contraindicated.
2. Ukusetshenziswa utshwala kungavunyelwe cishe usuku ngaphambi umnikelo.
3. Akulona kakhulu efiselekayo manipulation ledzingekako ukubhema, ukuphuza ikhofi kanye itiye, njengoba bonke lokhu kungase zibulale ukuhlaziywa jikelele igazi imingcele, ngesilinganiso okuzoba kude afanayo. Ngokushesha ngaphambi Assay kungaba amanzi kuphuzwe elula ngaphandle igesi.
4. Ngaphambi inqubo, nokuqoqwa kwegazi akukhona efiselekayo hhayi ukwethuka. Uma isikhathi eside ukuthola kwaze kwaba seqophelweni ukulethwa, kumele uthole ukuphumula.
5. Iyimbi kungathinta umphumela kwegazi jikelele, izinga yalezi idatha kuzoxoxwa ngezansi, noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba kanye nemidlalo, izithombe ze-X ray.
6. Thatha imithi akuyona iyathandeka, kodwa endabeni isidingo esiphuthumayo ukuba waxwayisa ngale umsizi laboratory, ukuthatha amasampula egazi.

Yini indlela Kwenziwa igazi amasampuli iziguli?

Ngo-laboratory, okuyinto novivinyo kokuthuma kufanele kwenziwe yonke manipulations ukwelashwa isinqandakuvunda nokunakekela, kuhlanganise kvartsevanie izakhiwo. Clinical noma ephelele segazi (ingane evamile futhi omdala ihlukile) kwenziwa ngokuthola ke kusukela umthambo noma umunwe. Laboratory kumelwe usebenze oyinyumba amagilavu alahlwayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele luphathwe isixazululo we Ethanol okuqukethwe.

Ukuhlaziya igazi iringi umunwe wenza usebenzisa ithuluzi ekhethekile - scarifier. laboratory Medical punctures umunwe, bese ngemuva ukubonakala yokwehla yokuqala igazi kuletha pipette ekhethekile lubhoboze futhi impahla eqoqwe esitsheni ezibumbeke njengebholo tube. igazi emithambo yegazi esithathwayo nge isipetu noma uhlelo cleaner nokuqoqwa kwegazi, ehlanganisa isilinda inaliti umbala amashubhu ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze athathe isampula yegazi futhi kamuva ukuthola igazi jikelele ukuhlaziywa yi kabani kuyinsakavukela Sekuyisikhathi eside kuchazwe emtholampilo esetshenziswa ithangi cleaner nge violet izithasiselo. cleaner engayitholi uhlelo lungaphezu akukhetha isipetu oyinyumba, njengoba:

1. Igazi ethathwe isiguli for laboratory ephephile, ngoba akukho ukuxhumana ngqo into.
2. Igazi corpuscles, esakhiwa igazi, kungukuthi kabana zihlangana nomoya-mpilo, ngoba lesi simiso ke engekho.

Ithathwe ngezindlela igazi iziguli wahlola i:

1. I-hemoglobin ezingeni.
2. Ukunqunywa ESR.
3. Ukubala inani lamaseli igazi ngegazi usebenzisa ngesibonakhulu, nabanye.

Injongo yokuhlaziya

Kuyini kokubusa jikelele kwegazi lapho? Ucwaningo ichaza kwemigomo yimuphi umuntu ukukhuluma ngesimo sakhe futhi izifo okucatshangelwayo. Ngokusho imiphumela uhlolwa:

1. Inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
2. I-hemoglobin - nenani ketshezi eziqukethwe abomvu egazi kanye banesibopho ukuhamba oksijini evela emaphashini kuzo zonke izinhlaka womuntu.
3. Isibalo amaseli mhlophe egazini kunqunywa ifomula olukhethekile leukocyte. It khulumela umzimba, okwandisa izinombolo zabo - ubufakazi ukuvuvukala.
4. Ama-platelet I - amapuleti, okuyinto banesibopho egazini ekunqandeni ukopha, lapho imikhumbi zilimele.
5. Hematocrit - kwencazelo isilinganiso egazi ukuze plasma.
6. Izinga sedimentation amangqamuzana abomvu (erythrocyte). Lapho is ephelele kakhulu segazi, ESR izinga kukalwa ngejubane yokuwa egazi abomvu phansi ithangi, lezi idatha ukuvumela ukuba sihlaziye ezinye izindawo igazi.

ukuhlaziywa Clinical kwegazi. okulotshiweyo

Qonda ukubaluleka izifo kungenzeka idatha kungaba udokotela. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi izinkomba Imininingwane igazi ukuhlaziywa, izinga yalezi idatha zisikisela ukuthi umuntu enempilo, umahluleli ka ukuthi kungaba onguchwepheshe. Kodwa eminye imininingwane, indoda yesimanje namanje bebophekile ukuba bachithe. Cabanga kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini abakubonisayo.

elithwala umoya-mpilo

Lona main amaprotheni zokuphefumula ezitholakala emangqamuzaneni abomvu kwaba Lowo othwala i-oksijini ukuze imizimba yabantu. Ingxenye esemqoka - yensimbi nabo erythrocyte emaphashini, kuba ixutshwe nomoya-mpilo kanye uhamba ezicutshini futhi izitho zomzimba. Izinga eliphansi-hemoglobin - kuyinto kwegazi, okuholela yokushodelwa umoya emzimbeni. A Inkomba ephakeme ubonisa ukuthi umzimba emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke kuyinto yonke nemingcele segazi kubaluleke kakhulu. -hemoglobin ezingeni kuyinsakavukela:

- ezingabantu: 132-153 g / l;

- abesifazane: 119-141 g / l;

- neonates: 211-216 g / l;

- izingane kuze kube unyaka: 126-128 g / l;

- abaneminyaka engama 2: 117-133 g / l.

amaprotheni

Kuyinto elithile umzimba wayo, okungukuthi - inombolo ingqikithi amaprotheni eziqukethwe serum. Kubalulekile ukwenza kube kuya amaprotheni igazi ukuhlaziywa jikelele. Amaphrotheni (evamile, anda, kwehle) - iyona ebaluleke kakhulu imingcele laboratory ngawo ungakwazi ukunquma:

1. Flow negazi viscosity.
2. Umthamo wegazi.
3. Bamba iqhaza ukusabela mzimba.
4. igazi ekunqandeni izici, kanye nabanye.

amaprotheni ephakeme egazini lingaphansi ezivamile kuka encishisiwe. Lesi sibalo kungaba ukhulume izifo ezithathelwanayo, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo okungamahlalakhona, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi kanye nabanye. Amaprotheni Ukwehlisa avuse ukopha okungamahlalakhona, ukuvuvukala, imfiva, ubuthi, kanye nabanye.

Ukunqunywa amaprotheni lokuhlushwa plasma - kuyinto kwegazi ezibalulekile. amaprotheni obuphelele, izinga okuyinto isibalo kanye kuyahlukahluka yobudala: Adult - 64-85 g / l; ingane - 45-80 g / l. Abantu abavamile ibizwa ngokuthi oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo.

erythrocyte

Lokhu umzimba womuntu-mpilo bona babasekeli babo, ngaphezu, i-carbon dioxide kuyinto erythrocyte ekhishiwe. Inkomba okuphansi kuholela ukuvela anemias ahlukahlukene. Futhi ekuzikhuliseni kungaholela thrombosis. Yandisa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kungenzeka kubangelwa zomzimba pathology. Esimweni sokuqala, nesanda amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungenzeka ngesikhathi umsebenzi, ukujuluka ngokweqile, futhi yacindezeleka ngokomzwelo. A polycythemia sokugembula kungase kubonise iziyaluyalu igazi ezifana Vakeza isifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi idatha zingase zibe Indlela iziyo, nesifo samaphaphu, nabanye. Kubaluleke kakhulu uphethwe yini efanele usaqala lesi sifo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okwenza CBC. ingane futhi omdala kuyinsakavukela lihlukile nomunye. Isibalo egazi abomvu amadoda - 4,01-5,07 * 10 eyeshumi nambili degree / l; abesifazane - 3,7-4,6 * 10 eyeshumi nambili degree / l; ezinganeni phezu 2 iminyaka-10 4,1 * 12-degree / l.

hematocrit

Igazi - inhlanganisela ingxenye ewuketshezi, okusho ukuthi, i-plasma bese amaseli. Lesi isilinganiso iyona hematocrit. Le nombolo wezwakalisa njengoba amaphesenti, isibonelo, izinga hematocrit:

- I-besifazane - abanye babo 34-45% (okusho ukuthi isibalo abomvu egazi ashaye - 38-49%);

- I-amadoda - 37-49%.

hematocrit Ukwandiswa kwenzeka amanzi emzimbeni. Nciphisa lokhu Inkomba libonisa anaemia kungenzeka.

Sedimentation ngesilinganiso erythrocyte phansi tube

Qedela igazi ukuhlaziywa - ESR evamile - inombolo ositshela fast kanjani igazi kwasakazwa ku-plasma bese ungqimba aphansi. Ngaphambili, kwakudingeka omunye esithi - ESR. Qedela segazi (ESR), i-erythrocyte sedimentation ngesilinganiso ukusabela ubuye ezahlukene izingane kanye nabantu abadala, okufana Kubantu 2-8 mm ihora elingu-1 izingane - 2-12 mm / h. Ukuba khona izinkomba isigqugquzeli kusikisela ukuvuvukala umzimba, ubuthi, izifo. Okuphansi sokulungisa izinga inkomba zingahlanganiswa indlala, ukulahlekelwa yemisipha nabanye.

bilirubin

Ukuze ukusebenza evamile umzimba womuntu kudinga izingxenye ezahlukene namavithamini, okuyinto ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala akugcini nje ukusuthiswa emoyeni. Indoda kudingeka ukudla, kanye-ke, futhi uthola kwenqwaba izakhi, kuhlanganise yensimbi. Lokho yokuntuleka nalolu shintsho ingxenye noma alanele ngakho emzimbeni kungaholela jaundice syndrome - lena isici esiyinhloko bilirubin overvalued egazini. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuhlolwa igazi. bilirubin obuphelele (evamile, izinga ephakeme noma ukwehliswa) kuyokwembula zokugula izifo ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu lesi sakhi, oyingxenye Bile excreted ngokunembile nalo.

Akuwona wonke izinhlobo jaundice - a zokugula, isibonelo, izinga bilirubin ezisanda kubelethwa overstated, kodwa nje nesimo bokuphila, maduze nje kuzodlula ngokwalo. Kodwa, uma lutho ishintshile ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, idinga igazi ukuhlolwa esiphuthumayo: bilirubin Imininingwane. Inani Jwayelekile noma okusezingeni eliphezulu - lokhu ukuhlaziywa sizobonisa. Lapho Inkomba non-kwesejwayelekile ukwelashwa esiphuthumayo kuyadingeka.

lab ngamunye ukuhlolwa idatha izindinganiso zabo, kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokubala amasu izinkomba ezahlukene ezivamile. Kulezi zimo, kulungiswa imiphumela Kwenziwa ezindinganisweni kusengaphambili.