Criminal ifomu zekambiso: umqondo, izinhlobo, ukubaluleka

Criminal ifomu nenqubo, umqondo kanye ukubaluleka okuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni - ingenye models wezomthetho ekumelaneni nombuso. Yilapho-ke uzwakalise izici izigaba nophenyo netinchubo kuleli cala.

Criminal ifomu zekambiso: umqondo futhi ukubaluleka

Imodeli okukhulunywa kuhlanganisa iqoqo izimo enemininingwane eyasungulwa ikhomishana umthetho, ukungaguquguquki yezenzo kanye nemithetho design, okwenziwa ngokuhamba kwecala. Kuleli fomu isakhiwo esinqunyiwe we inqubo isigebengu futhi izigaba zayo ngazinye. neziqondiso ezifanele usungula inqubo ekambisweni. Ikakhulukazi, zavela ekulandelaneni izinyathelo, izimo ushintsho komunye qophelo icala kwenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici esungulwe agcwele ekuqhutshweni ezingeni elithile, base, inqubo kanye izimo ngaphansi okuyinto umcimbi othile, okushiwo izinqumo ezingase zithathwe. Umqondo ifomu lobugebengu zenqubo unendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. ukubaluleka kwalo kungenxa ngokushesha futhi kakhulu ubunjalo kunjalo, futhi izimiso lapho kucatshangwa. Inqubo efanele wokuthatha amagadango kuqinisekisa isicelo ilungile futhi ngesikhathi esifanele zoMthetho Criminal Code kuya nezikhonzi bophezela cala. Criminal amafomu ngenqubo kanye iziqinisekiso zenzelwe ukusiza ekukhombeni iqiniso, ukuqinisekisa lehambisana nemtsetfo evikelwe izithakazelo abahlanganyeli esimweni.

Mela ku

Kumele ukuthi ifomu lobugebengu-zenqubo kakhulu, umqondo, izinhlobo onobuhle - konke lokhu kuye kwaba isihloko ososayensi impikiswano njalo. Njalo sibalo yesayensi ithobela umbono wayo inkinga. Ikakhulukazi, Tcheltsov ukuthi ifomu zenqubo inqubo lobugebengu izenzo njengoba inqubo kunesiqiniseko esingokomthetho ngezenzo ngabanye noma inhlanganisela yawo. Rahunov yena, wayekholelwa ukuthi le model ngokunembile kulawulwa imithetho yomsebenzi. Ngokusho Strogovich, amafomu kanye nenqubo lobugebengu - iqoqo izimo ezabekwa umthetho, ukuze afeze izidumbu ogunyaziwe yezenzo ngazo zenza imisebenzi yazo uphenyo nekusombulula amacala. Wayekholelwa nokuthi kwakunezinye le imodeli osebenza ku bayizakhamuzi bahlanganyele ezinqubeni zecala. Lokhu iqoqo izimo, ngokuvumelana Strogovich ngezimakethe ukuze bakwazi ukwenza izifundo walabo izenzo lapho bangakwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo abo nokugcwalisa izibopho. Shpilev babekholelwa ukuthi incazelo efanele kunayo yonke isigaba okukhulunywa akukhona lokho okungaphandle encompasses hhayi kuphela iqoqo izimo, kodwa futhi ukulandelana yabo. Kumayelana ukulungisa inqubo kanye nokubhaliswa izenzo ngokwabo, isikhathi lapho they bophezela.

iziphetho zesikhashana

Imibono evezwe Chel'zova, akusiyo ngempela kuyiqiniso. Ngokusho kwakhe, ifomu lobugebengu zenqubo angasethwa kuphela semisebenzi ethize (isibonelo, ukuze useshe noma kokuphenywa) noma izakhiwo zabo (ngoba isigaba esithile kwecala). Kulokhu, isigaba kubhekwe libhekisela yonke imisebenzi kohlaka uphenyo futhi ekambisweni. Zonke imisebenzi kumele kwenziwe, ukuveza okuqukethwe zomlando yefomu lobugebengu-zenqubo. Umsebenzi kulokhu esakhiwa ngo izigaba ezilandelanayo ukuqaliswa zonke izinhlelo zokubambisana ngakuya ngomthetho. Okuningi definition esinwebiwe ingashiwo imisebenzi Strogovich. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbhali kufanele landise zenqubo ekhona ifomu iziphathimandla abanekhono (izinkantolo, ukushushiswa, umnyango uphenyo) nezinye abahilelekile ekukhiqizeni. Lokhu kungase kube isibonelo esiwusizo. Ngakho, kokubili komsolwa nesisulu, ngisho ummangalelwa, kanye nezinye izici inqubo, yazi amalungelo abo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha izikhalazo, izicelo, ukufunda kunjalo. Ukuqaphela amalungelo kulesi simo senzeka ngokuhambisana nenqubo ebekwe umthetho ngokuqinile. Njengoba sihambisana nale sisuke sithi Strogovich wehla indlela efanayo njengoba Tcheltsov. Ngokusho kwakhe, ifomu lobugebengu zenqubo kuphela efakwe izenzo ngabanye, kunokuba ku wemboni yabo iyonke.

Uhlaziyo emfushane izincwadi nomagazini bamuva

Ukutadisha izincwadi zomthetho ebonisa ukuthi ososayensi baye akakwazi ukuthuthukisa indlela esihlanganisiwe ukuba incazelo umqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, Petruhin ebheka khona ukuthi inqubo lobugebengu kuwuhlobo imithetho emisiwe uphenyo lobugebengu nokuqulwa kwecala lakhe amacala ezinkantolo ogunyaziwe. Umbhali inikeza iqoqo isigaba jikelele njengoba izimo ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zifinyelelwe umsebenzi. Lena yindlela okufinyelela imigomo kokuqhutshwa zizonikezwa. imikhakha Kuznetsov kubhekwe njengendlela isakhiwo esimisiwe lonke isethi yezenzo izigaba ngazinye, oda nekulandzelana kwetigameko endzabeni. Le ncazelo ibonakala egcwele. Kodwa kulo ukubaluleka inqubo lobugebengu amafomu hhayi wachazela kuze kube sekupheleni. Ikakhulukazi, umlobi sibhekisela kuphela izenzo ukuthi yenziwa kuphela izinhlangano ogunyaziwe bese ilungiswe iziqondiso. Nokho, njengoba kuphawulwe Strogino, ifomu zenqubo enikeziwe for ukugcwaliseka amalungelo nezibopho kwabanye abahlanganyeli e uphenyo kanye zomthetho. Leli phuzu saba esibaluleke ngokukhethekile ngemva kwemukelwa entsha Ikhodi-Criminal Procedure. Ikhodi sivumele isishaya-mthetho ngokuningiliziwe enkulu uchaza inqubo obonisa amalungelo ukuzivikela kanti umsolwa obhekene necala, izisulu kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza kuleli cala.

imphawu letibalulekile

Iinhlathululo ngenhla abalobi ezahlukene babe nemibi kanye nezinzuzo. Nokho, akekho kubo anginike zokuthi zinezinto amafomu lobugebengu zekambiso:

1. Isibopho.
2. Universality.
3. Unity.

abalobi eziningana ukudalula nalezi zindlela ngokuhlukile yencazelo, abanye ososayensi abazange ngabo.

generality

Ngaphansi lesi sibonakaliso ukuqonda mfuneko, owenza izindlela olulodwa isigaba oluthile ezimweni oda zokukhiqiza. Kulokhu, it akuxhomekile bulukhuni nobe ivolumu kwamathenda afakiweyo. Umthetho okuhlukanisa inqubo lobugebengu amafomu ezintweni eziningi ngezizathu. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Ukufaneleka yobugebengu.
• Ukuba khona uhlu lwezikhalazo ummangalelwa ukuqula leli cala ngendlela ekhethekile.
• Ukuba khona isihloko ekhethekile nokunye.

isisekelo lokungemaciniso, ezifana indlela, indawo kanye nesikhathi isenzo, inani iziqephu, njengobunengi bemiphefumulo ngubani ezivela phambi kwenkantolo futhi ezinye musa kuthinte oda babeka phansi komthetho kuze kuzokwenziwa ngendlela uphenyo ekambisweni.

ubunye

ifomu ngokwenqubo eenkambisweni zobulelesi kusebenza insimu yonke iRussia. Lokhu kubonisa ubunye izigaba zonke abadlali ezweni. Lesi simo sibangelwa yokuthi ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo kokuthethwa kwecala ungaphakathi endaweni engaphansi sikahulumeni. It lihlelwe Isigaba. "O" Article 71 yoMthetho Eyisisekelo. Kulo mongo, sivumele isishaya-mthetho sinqume ukuthi inqubo uphenyo netinchubo uzaqiniswa kuphela CPC. Kuyinto ayimpoqo bonke abahlanganyeli esimweni. Ubunye lobugebengu inqubo ifomu aqede ngokuphelele kungenzeka ukusungulwa neziphathimandla zesifunda noma zendawo ukuze siqu, ngaphandle sikahulumeni.

isibopho

Lokhu umbandela libonisa izidingo ukusebenza eliqondile okuqinile kubahlanganyeli kunjalo, owenza izindlela ifomu lobugebengu zenqubo. Leli lungiselelo uba isimo kubalulekile ukuze semthethweni nophenyo netinchubo. Ukwephula kwemithetho esungulwe kuhilelani nemiphumela ezifanele. Ikakhulukazi, imiphumela eyatholakala ngokuhamba izenzakalo ezithile, baqale value abo angokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uye engahlonishwa ifomu zenqubo lobugebengu kuhlinzekelwe ukuqoqwa ubufakazi, indaba okuyothiwa inadmissible. Lokhu, iyisisekelo sokukhansela noma ushintsho ngesinqumo sesikhalo.

izingxenye

Ngokuhambisana izithombe ezingenhla, kungashiwo ukuthi ifomu lobugebengu zenqubo liyadingeka, a, inqubo jikelele olulodwa kuhlinzekelwe:

1. Ukuqaliswa izigaba ngazinye uphenyo nokuqulwa kwecala.
2. Ukukhiqizwa lonke icala.
3. ngezenzo eziqondile, futhi ekuthathweni ngu izidumbu ogunyaziwe nezikhulu.
4. Amalungelo nemisebenzi ye amaqembu kuleli cala.

Lesi sakamuva imisebenzi emibili, empeleni abe uhlobo ukuqaliswa ubudlelwane ezithile zobugebengu inqubo.

ngokucacile

Ukwehlukanisa of lobugebengu inqubo ifomu kubangelwa izici of imisebenzi ukuba ixazululwe kohlaka uphenyo nokuqulwa kwecala lakhe amacala. Ngokucacile womsebenzi kubonakala kushuba umniningwane ukuhleleka. Njengengxenye kunjalo akumelwe sikhohliseke zonke izimo, izimo ezidingekayo lokulondolozwa izithakazelo esisemthethweni amalungu aso, uma semthethweni futhi semthethweni izenzo kanye nezinqumo ezithathwe. Criminal amafomu zenqubo nesiqisiseko amalungelo izifundo, ehlobene kangaka. Ukuqinisekisa izindaba ukuhambisana zokulawula kuhlinzekelwe ukudlula izigaba. Esigabeni ngasinye kulesi simo kuhilela uhlobo ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu, uhambelana isigaba esithile se-msebenzi futhi ivumela sokuqinisekisa semthethweni izinqumo nezenzo eziye ukusebenza noma zamukelwa ngaphambili. Admissibility kobufakazi inikezwa ngokuqaphela inqubo iqoqo kanye nokuhlanganiswa imibhalo efanele. Ukwephula nezimfuneko eziqanjwe phuca izinto uyize. Criminal inqubo ifomu angase abe nezici kuncike uhlobo icala. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo ekhethekile Kumiswa ecaleni eyimfihlo amacala, izikhonzi okuyizinto izingane.

Izizathu isicelo

Okuqukethwe ifomu zenqubo kunqunywa ukufakwa yayo isakhiwo izimo ukwenza izenzo ezithile. Njengoba sihambisana nale iqoqo futhi isisekelo ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela kulesi simo kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho ukuzivocavoca ngaphansi okuyinto izenzo zokwahlulela okuphenya. Izisekelo ukukhonza njengoba izixazululo. Badinga ukuyiswa ukubhekana nalabo noma eminye imicimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, base ezivamile kubhekwa production lobugebengu oqondile. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye lesi sinqumo, kungenzeka ukuba afeze izenzo okuphenya (ngaphandle ubugebengu scene). Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu angabhekwa futhi unswinyo zokwahlulela. Kwezinye izimo, balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukufeza nophenyo.

izimiso

ifomu ngokwenqubo ukhonza njengelungu indlela yokuqalisa ukusebenza komthetho emisebenzini izidumbu ogunyaziwe nezikhulu. Uma kwenzeka izimo excitation, oda imisebenzi iqondene wawubekela imithetho eqinile ngumthetho. Isicelo yefomu zenqubo isekelwe yile migomo elandelayo:

1. Ngokwe nezidingo ezinobulungiswa nobuqotho. ifomu ngokwenqubo sinenai zemfundo.
2. Ukuhambisana ukuhleleka ukuvikela amalungelo kanye nezithakazelo labahlanganyeli icala.
3. umumo ngokwenqubo ekhuluma ngobunye, Nokho, okuyinto, akusho ukubeka eceleni, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamangqamuzana yayo.
4. ukunamathela Esimile futhi esiqinile nemithetho uba isimo ezidingekile ukuba semthethweni kohlelo nophenyo, kwecala on kokufaneleka, ukuze ithole iqiniso.

Ukwehlukanisa yefomu lobugebengu zenqubo

Loludaba okwamanje yesithakazelo esikhulu iningi lososayensi. He is ngenxa izici ezimbili. Omunye wabo siphathelene imizamo ngcono eminye omthetho futhi iningi isigaba. Lokhu nakanjani ukukhuthaza kwamangqamuzana ifomu zenqubo. Ngokusho abanye abalobi, benza okuhlukile, esakhiwa ngo iyiqoqo zonke izimo kuzo zonke lezo zimo akunakwenzeka ukuba ngcono imithetho ekhona kanye neziqondiso. Isici sesibili ubangelwa ukuxegiswa ubugebengu ekuqhutshweni. Lokhu, kubangelwa anda discretionary futhi buthaka umphakathi waqala. Ekusebenteni, akukho Izithiyo umgomo ukwethulwa kohlaka uphenyo nokuqulwa kwecala lakhe ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise izinqubo lula. Kulesi ukuhlaziya eminye imisebenzi ehlobene ekutadisheni le mibuzo, ibonisa ukuthi abalobi ngokuvamile izama esehlukanisa lobugebengu inqubo amafomu ezingeni jikelele. Ososayensi lokucabanga ukwabiwa oda ekhethekile kulo umsebenzi lilonke noma izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi njengoba omunye kuyizimpawu uhlobo ezimele kwamacala umusa yokuthi liyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela - khona izici ezithile emsebenzini abomthetho nhlobo noma okungenani ezinye izigaba inqubo. Ngokusho lokhu isikhundla, kungenzeka ukuthi bahlukanise abantu yonke imisebenzi jikelele futhi ezihlukahlukene oda ekhethekile. Imithetho ekhethekile, isibonelo, faka ukukhiqizwa:

• okubandakanya izingane;
• isicelo wezinyathelo sibhekwe yezokwelapha nokunye.

Ungase futhi ukuhlukanisa futhi izingxenye ezinkulu inqubo (isib, icala noma zingekho izincwadi pre-trial).

Ukuqaliswa zomthetho

Amafomu lapho wenziwa, kulindeleke ukuthi okuqukethwe kanye nohlobo ekuhlanganyeleni. Umthetho usethe oda ethize isenzo ngasinye futhi isinqumo. Imithetho kuchazwa ukulandelana ukubulawa izenzo ezithile zokuziphatha, imigomo, imibhalo izici nokunye. izenzo zokwahlulela okuphenya anezayo izinhlobo zezimbaza. Ngokwesibonelo, luhlolo elingalodwa, sokuwa, usesho, ukuhlolwa, ukusebenza luhlolo, ukujwayelaniswa nezinto nokunye. Inqubo ukwemukelwa kwezinqumo ezithile nazo umahluko. Ngokwesibonelo, mayelana ngokukhuluma ngendaba ummangalelwa, Ukuqalwa kwecala, nokuthethwa kwecala nokunye. Umthetho enikeziwe zokwehlukanisa izinhlobo iqhaza enqubeni yezinhlangano kanye nabantu abangabodwa. Zingase ukuhambisa uhlu lwezikhalazo, isinqumo noma isinyathelo / Ukungenzi lutho abantu abagunyaziwe nokunye.

Ukwenza umsebenzi we-ofisi

amafomu ngokwenqubo zihlukaniswe kuye kuncike kwengoma. Ikakhulukazi, umsebenzi wenziwa:

• Ngu kushushiswa.
• Inkantolo.
• ukuzivikela.

Imisebenzi eyenziwa kuleli ukulawula enkantolo futhi ubulungisa amafomu. Umshushisi ekusebenziseni igunya nalapho ebhekene noshushiso. Kungaba kwenziwe, inchubomgomo yesive esidlangalaleni noma ezizimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthetho sihlinzekela ifomu zenqubo lokugada prosecutorial. Kulawulwa, ikakhulukazi, imisebenzi zazishintsha zaba nemizimba uphenyo kanye nophenyo. Ummeli, umsolwa / umsolwa, kanye nezinye abadlali lenze imisebenzi kanye nokusebenzisa ilungelo ngesimo Ukuvikelwa woshushiso. Kumele wathi ukuthi lo msebenzi okwamanje akukho isiqondiso esicacile kule nomthetho.