Ukukhubazeka: nenqubo ngezigaba kanye degree of ukukhubazeka. Incazelo yokukhubazeka

Lapho ebona indoda ngaphandle ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile noma umama ngamehlo adangele, uzama ukujabulisa ezahlukene wakhe nakwezinye izingane, sizama ukubheka okuhle kude futhi indiva ngokuphelele le nkinga. Futhi ingabe kulungile? Bangaki abantu bacabange ukuthi ukuphila akuqinisekile, futhi ngasiphi inhlekelele Kungathi zikufice noma ubani kithi noma abathandekayo bethu? Impendulo kumele kube ezimbi. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ngesihluku, futhi abantu bephilile namuhla kungase kusasa ukuthi singasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kungase kukuzuzise ukubheka izimpendulo zemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani nabantu abanokukhubazeka, amaqembu amaningi ukukhubazeka lapho obeka kubo?

Iziguli zidinga ebhekiwe nosizo besithathu. Ziyakwazi ngaphezulu abadinga uthando nokunakekela. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi abaningi babo musa ukubekezelela izenzo nhlobo umusa ngokwabo, futhi kudingeka kubonakale njengendlela alinganayo.

Kuze kube manje, inani elandayo labantu bezama ukuphila ngokugcwele ukuphila, umsebenzi, khona imisebenzi zokuzithokozisa, uphumule zokungcebeleka, nokunye. D. Ukuxhumana nabo, bagcine ubuciko hhayi ukugxila nezinkinga zabo zempilo.

imiqondo Basic nezincazelo

Igama elithi "ukukhubazeka" has a umsuka Latin futhi livela egameni invalidus, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "buthakathaka", "ababuthakathaka." Lo mqondo isetshenziswa lapho kudingeka elichaza isimo somzimba noma sengqondo yomuntu, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile unomphela noma isikhathi eside elinganiselwe noma ngokuphelele elingenalo ukukhubazeka. Lokhu, kusikisela ukulinganiselwa ebekwa khona noma isiphi isici (azalwa naso noma bathenga). Isici, yena, noma njengoba ibizwa sifo ukulahlekelwa noma ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi emzimbeni.

Ngokuqondene elithi "ekhubazekile", bese ngaphansi kuba ngokwezwi nezwi libhekisela "alusebenzi." Ngakho sikubiza umuntu uhlushwa zinesifo esithile, ukuwohloka emaphakathi noma enkulu imisebenzi ehlukile noma izinhlelo zomzimba, okuyinto ngenxa yesifo noma imiphumela ukuhlukumezeka. Ngenxa yalokho, singaxoxa mayelana komkhawulo wokuphila, okuyinto ekulahlekelweni ephelele noma olungaphelele ithuba ukuba azinakekele, ukuhamba ngaphandle kosizo, ukungena inkhulumomphendvulwano nabanye, futhi ngokucacile baveze abakucabangayo, ukuzulazula emkhathini, ukulawula isinyathelo, kube sengathi nguye obangela izenzo bafundile, umsebenzi.

amaqembu sokunquma ukukhubazeka abaqashwe ubuciko, ngihlolwa nezenhlalo conductive, ukuze anqume imibandela ngaphansi kwawo ngezinga elithile Umkhawulo ukusetha amakhono ngabanye.

Esikhathini ukulandelana imibono futhi kufanele acacise incazelo ibinzana "umthwalo wokuvuselelwa ngokwendalo abakhubazekile." Kuyinto uhlelo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inqubo kancane kancane nokuvulwa namakhono athile womuntu, okuyinto yayibalulekile kwabendlu yakhe, umphakathi futhi efanele, umsebenzi okhokhelwayo.

amaqembu Ukukhubazeka: ngezigaba kanye nencazelo emfushane

Ukukhubazeka - inkinga ethinta ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile cishe wonke umuntu emhlabeni. Yingakho-ke akuyona imfihlo ukuthi kukhona amaqembu amathathu ahlukene ukukhubazeka, ngezigaba zazo kuncike ngezinga elingakanani labo imisebenzi noma izinhlelo yomzimba, futhi kanjani kungagcini ikhono komuntu ukuphila eziphukile.

Isakhamuzi kungase kuthiwe engavumelekile kuphela esiphelweni sesimiso ngihlolwa-nomphakathi. eKhomishini kuphela anganquma uvume noma, kunalokho, ukungavumi umklomelo kuye indoda yokukhubazeka. Ukwahlukanisa, okuyinto esetshenziswa iqembu ongoti uchwepheshe ukuthi yiziphi futhi ngezinga elingakanani umsebenzi umzimba wahlushwa isifo esithile, ukulimala, njll Imikhawulo (ukwephula) imisebenzi kungenziwa selihlukene kanje:

• iziyaluyalu ezithinta statodynamic (motor) imisebenzi umzimba;
• iziyaluyalu ezithinta kwegazi ohlelweni, umzimba, endocrine, wokugaya ukudla, ukucindezeleka zokuphefumula;
• ukungasebenzi sezinzwa;
• deviances.

Ilungelo ukuqondisa izakhamuzi ukuba ubuchwepheshe lezempilo nezenhlalo ephethwe isikhungo sezokwelapha lapho zenzeka, umzimba obhekene nokuhlinzekwa impesheni (Pension Fund), kanye unit nokunikeza zokuvikeleka komphakathi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, izakhamuzi uthole yokudluliselwa luhlolo, kumele balungise amaphepha ezilandelayo:

1. Direction esikhishwe omunye ngenhla ogunyazwe iziphathimandla. Iqukethe lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nesimo se-nempilo yabantu kanye degree of ukuphazamiseka umzimba.
2. Isitatimende, ngemvume ngokuqondile umuntu alandele luhlolo noma kummeleli wakhe wezomthetho.
3. Imibhalo ziwubufakazi ukwephulwa zempilo yesiguli. Kungenzeka osenyameni emathebula, ngemiphumela yocwaningo wezinsimbi nokunye. D.

Hlukanisa amaqembu amathathu ukukhubazeka. Ukwahlukanisa iziyaluyalu eyinhloko yomzimba womuntu, kanye degree of ngobubi bawo kukhona nenqubo sokunquma ukuthi yiziphi zamaqembu umfakisicelo. Ngemva ukuhlaziywa nengxoxo ethulwa imibhalo isakhamuzi ochwepheshe unquma umbuzo ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwakhe noma ukuba aqaphele. Ephambi kwezinduna wonke amalungu isinqumo Commission izakukhashelwa ukuba umuntu isidlulile, lapho ngihlolwa kanye nomphakathi, futhi uma isimo sidinga, inikezwe wonke izincazelo ezidingekayo.

Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uma umuntu inikezwe iqembu lokuqala ukukhubazeka, kabusha luhlolo ligcinwe kanye eminyakeni 2. Kuhlelwe ngonyaka kabusha Ukuhlola abantu kokuba iqembu lesibili nelesithathu.

Ukukhethwa kuyinto iqembu ukukhubazeka perpetual. Ithole abantu abakwazi ibhekane kabusha luhlolo nganoma isiphi isikhathi bebodwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka nje wenze uhlelo lokusebenza olufanelekile futhi ulithumele iziphathimandla abanekhono.

Uhlu izizathu

Isikhathi esining impela ungezwa izingxoxo othile usumisiwe iqembu ukukhubazeka isifo jikelele. Nale ucishe ecacile. Nokho, kwakungeke ubuhlungu ukwazi ukuthi zikhona ezinye izizathu lokhu isimo, okuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• walimala umuntu emsebenzini, kanye nezinye izifo emsebenzini ;
• zikhutshaziwe kusukela ebuntwaneni: kwasekuzalweni;
• ukukhubazeka, esahlanganisa ngenxa yokulimala phakathi neMpi Yezwe II,
• izifo kanye nokulimala wathola ngesikhathi senkonzo yezempi;
• ukukhubazeka, imbangela okuyinto kuqashelwa njengesenzo inhlekelele ngesikhathi isitshalo eChernobyl;
• Ezinye izizathu, okuyinto asethwe ngomthetho WaseRussia.

Iqembu lokuqala ukukhubazeka

Ngokuphathelene nempilo womuntu kusukela iphuzu ngokomzimba umbono, okunzima kakhulu yilona qembu lokuqala ukukhubazeka. Yena inikezwa kulabo ziye zakhomba ukwephulwa emikhulu emsebenzini kwanoma iyiphi into eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zomzimba. Kumayelana ngezinga eliphakeme yesifo kanzima isifo noma ukungasebenzi kahle, ngenxa yalokho abantu bamane nje abakwazi ukuzinakekela ngokuzimela. Ngisho ngoba izenzo eziyisisekelo kakhulu ke nakanjani kudingeka usizo ngaphandle.

Ukukhubazeka iqembu 1 igibele:

• Abantu abangakwazi ngokuphelele ukusebenza (ngokugcwele noma okwesikhashana) futhi lidinge okuqhubekayo Baby (ukunakekelwa, ukwesekwa) nabantu abaseceleni.
• Abantu abaphethwe Nokho liphinyiselwe ukungakhuli ukusebenza imisebenzi umzimba, kodwa usengakwazi afeze izinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi bangasebenza kuphela uma ziyadalwa ngqo izimo ngawodwana workshop ekhethekile, umsebenzi ukuthi bayakwazi ukwenza induduzo emakhaya abo, nokunye ..

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kukhona izimfuneko ezithile ukuze incazelo yokukhubazeka. Ukusungula iqembu lokuqala, labo ezilandelayo:

• ukuntula kwakhe ikhono ukukhonza ngokwabo;
• ukungakwazi ukuhambisa ngokuzimela;
• disorientation amakhono esikhaleni (disorientation);
• ukungakwazi ukuxhumana nabantu;
• ukungakwazi ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo ukuphendula ngezenzo zabo.

Ngayiphi izifo Kumiswa ukukhubazeka neqembu lokuqala?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani abanye ukuphatha ukuze uthole isimo umuntu abakhubazekile, kanye nabanye wakuphika lokhu, akwanele ukuba uhlu kuphela nenqubo eshiwo ngaphezulu sokunquma iqembu ukukhubazeka. Amalungu Medico-Social Commission kufanele acabangele eziningi nezinye izizathu nezimo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi ukushiya ngaphandle ukunakekela uhlu izifo lapho umuntu ababelwe eqenjini 1 ukukhubazeka. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• ezinzima okuqhubekayo sofuba ekhona decompensated;
• ezingelapheki isimila esibulalayo;
• izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo ezithinta esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kulandele ukwehluleka degree wesithathu kwegazi;
• ukukhubazeka nemilenze;
• hemiplegia noma kabi engqondweni aphasia;
• bayasangana nge syndrome isikhathi eside kanzima futhi paranoid futhi catatonic;
• isithuthwane, lapho kukhona nokuquleka njalo kakhulu futhi unomphela twilight ukwazi;
• komqondo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ekulahlekelweni bezibona ezibucayi lesi sifo;
• engenhla esitho isiqu (isibonelo, ukungabi okuphelele iminwe kanye nezinye ukunqunywa lubucayi kakhudlwana);
• kwethanga asalile;
• ubumpumputhe nokunye. d.

Zonke izakhamuzi, ngubani Uyoletha eKhomishini imibhalo yezokwelapha eqinisekisa ukuthi banayo esinye salezi zifo, uzobe ababelwe eqenjini 1 ukukhubazeka. Uma kungenjalo, lokhu kuyokwenziwa kunqatshelwe.

Kuthiwani iqembu ukukhubazeka wesibili?

Iqembu yokukhubazeka yesibili kunikezwa abantu emzimbeni lapho kukhona sina ukungakhuli obusebenzayo eyatholakala kulokhu ukugula, ukulimala noma azalwa nako. Ngenxa izinto ezenziwa abantu kakhulu kungagcini, Nokho, wambambezela ikhono ngokuzimela azinakekele futhi baphendukele ngosizo bangaphandle.

Ubeka iqembu yokukhubazeka yesibili, uma kukhona izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• ikhono azinakekele bebodwa, wokusebenzisa izinsiza noma usizo ezincane besithathu ezihlukahlukene;
• ikghono nokusetshenziswa nezinsiza noma yizinkampani zangaphandle;
• ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi noma ikhono emsebenzini, uma kuphela lokhu kumisa izimo ezikhethekile, uma izimali ezidingekayo zabasebenzi, yona ifakwe endaweni ekhethekile;
• ukuhluleka lokuthola imfundo izikhungo abavamile ezemfundo, kodwa ezifweni ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi esebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile futhi izikhungo ezikhethekile;
• amakhono khona umumo kokubili Isikhala ngesikhathi;
• Ikhono lokukhulumisana, kodwa kuncike ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile;
• ikhono lokulawula ngokuziphatha kwakhe okuhle, kodwa kokuqondisa wesithathu.

Ngayiphi izifo Kumiswa ukukhubazeka neqembu lesibili?

Iqembu yokukhubazeka yesibili Kumiswa uma umuntu uhlushwa omunye pathologies ezilandelayo:

• valvular amazed noma esivimba amanzi II-III kanye nezinga iziyaluyalu kwegazi;
• Ibanga II umfutho wegazi ophakeme, lapho ngokushesha futhi kuhambisana njalo zinhlekelele vasospastic;
• fibrocavernous sofuba lesichubekako;
• isifo sokusha wamaphaphu cardio-yamaphaphu esingamahlalakhona;
• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi okunzima nobuchopho ukuncipha okukhulu ezingeni intelligence;
• ukulimala kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye non-esithathelanayo zazisa ubuchopho, abaphukile ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa kwamathekisthi abukelwayo, vestibular motor umzimba imisebenzi;
• isifo spinal cord yokulimala, okuholela nemilenze yisimo;
• reinfarction futhi esingamahlalakhona senhliziyo;
• ngemva kokuhlinzwa edinga ukususa izimila abulalayo esiswini, amaphaphu nezinye izitho;
• ezinzima esiswini agobhoze ukungakuthandi ukudla;
• isithuthwane, ephelezelwa nokuquleka njalo;
• disarticulation we-hip;
• isiqu ethangeni nge ukungakhuli abalulekile Gait nabanye.

Incazelo emfushane iqoqo lesithathu ukukhubazeka

Iqembu lesithathu yokukhubazeka isethwe ukuncipha okukhulu komsebenzi womuntu ngenxa ukushayisana kwe izinhlelo nemisebenzi umzimba, okuyinto kubangelwa yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuba isici ahlukahlukene yokwakheka. Leli qembu linikeza:

1. Abantu ababeka ngenxa yokugula kukhona esiphuthumayo ngokuya imisebenzi edinga amakhono njalonjalo zabasebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo:
   
   ● toolmaker nge mina-II degree kuphazamiseka kwegazi okuyinto ngokwenyama nje asikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi babo bomsebenzi. Nokho, kungase kuthathe kahle okuthunyelwe ka ngalendoda kwezimpahla esihle.
   ● spinners, ogama unqanyulwe 2nd, iminwe 3rd futhi wesi-4 esandleni, badinga okuhunyushiwe kulo kromschitsy isikhundla.
   ● osenyameni Ephakeme miller, umfutho ophakeme wegazi esiteji II, kudingeka inguqulo yokuma distributor amathuluzi.
   ● umvukuzi kwathiwa unesifo "silicosis" isikhundla kudingekile ingeyami noma ukuphinda uqeqesho.
   
   
2. Abantu ababeka ngenxa ezempilo, isidingo izinguquko ezinqala ezimweni ukusebenza ngaphandle kokushintsha umsebenzi. Lokhu, kudinga ukuncishiswa okuphawulekayo yobuningi bomsebenzi kanye nokunciphisa ukuqeqeshwa. Ngokwesibonelo:
   
   ● Chief Accountant ithemba, eye ezihlonzwe ne-cerebral inkumbulo ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi ukungakhuli, ukuphazamiseka, nokunye. E., Kufanele lihunyushelwe kwelinye lamahhovisi kwenhlangano, kodwa kusukela isikhundla ekulondolozeni.
   ● Weaver, ukukhonza imishini eminingi, esatholakala sikashukela of kobukhulu ngokulinganisela, kubalulekile ukunciphisa inani imishini ngaphansi umthwalo walo.
   
   
3. Abantu okuthiwa bakhubazekile ukwenza umsebenzi, lapho ephansi onekhono noma abaye ngaphambili neze ngisho umshado.
   
   
4. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iqoqo lesithathu ukukhubazeka kunikezwa abantu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi baye kwenziwe, inqobo ukuthi they fanele linganayo ukukhubazeka yokwakheka futhi deformations, futhi engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi babo bomsebenzi.

ukukhubazeka, kuye ngezinga of ukukhubazeka

Kukhona ezahlukene nenqubo ekuhloleni isimo sempilo yomuntu, ngesisekelo ukukhubazeka ayakuma. Ukwahlukaniswa nalezi zindlela futhi essence yabo itholakala umthetho. Khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi samanje kunamaqembu amathathu, ngalinye zazo has izici zayo siqu ethize.

Incazelo yokukhubazeka kufanele isethelwe nesineke, kungumsebenzi ngqo amalungu Ubuchwepheshe lezempilo nezenhlalo. Nokho, umuntu kufanele uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi ITU futhi inquma degree yokukhubazeka umuntu abanokukhubazeka.

degree Okokuqala kusikisela ukuthi umuntu akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi zabasebenzi, inqobo ziqu kuzoncishiswa, futhi umsebenzi akudingi izindleko ezinkulu zamandla. Eyesibili ithi umuntu ingasebenza, kodwa lokhu kufanele ukudala izimo akhethekile ukunikeza ubuchwepheshe zokusiza. Abantu iyiphi kula lamadigri ukukhubazeka, wamisa neqembu zokusebenza wayezimisele.

Ngokungafani nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala, ngezinga wesithathu ukukhubazeka kusho ukungabi nakwenzeka ukuba afeze umsebenzi zabasebenzi. Abantu ababeka ITU babelwe wathi degree ukusetha ukukhubazeka dummy.

Isigaba "nezingane ezikhubazekile '

Emkhakheni kahle izingane ezikhubazeke ngokomzimba zihlanganisa izingane nentsha abangazange sebethole engu-nesishiyagalombili abanamandla alinganiselwe eningi wokuphila, umphumela lapho lezi zinkinga zentuthuko, ukungakwazi ukuxhumana, funda, ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo, ambulation kanye nokuqaliswa umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ukuphetha, ITU ingane ekhubazekile njengoba umthetho, ebekiwe inani izincomo:

• ukubekwa unomphela noma okwesikhashana ezikhungweni ezikhethekile afanele izingane ezinjalo;
• yokufunda ngabanye;
• ukuhlinzeka ingane (uma kunesidingo) imishini ekhethekile nezinsiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okuvamile;
• ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa spa (iphrofayela wabonisa we sibhedlela yobude ukuhlala kuwo);
• Lichaza iqoqo ezidingekayo izinyathelo ukuvuselelwa kanye nabanye.