IbhizinisiIndustry

Ukuqhuma isithanga

Isithando somlilo senzelwe ukunciphisa ingulube yensimbi. Okokuqala kubonakala ngekhulu le-XV. EYurophu. ERussia, isithando sokuqala somlilo sakhiwa ngo-1620 ngaseTula. Khona-ke amafutha anjalo afaka amalahle. Ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka (1709), umsunguli waseNgilandi u-Abraham Derby wakwazi ukuqhuma isithando somlilo, esikhundleni sokhuni lwamalahle nge coke amalahle namalahle.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhulu eminyaka kuye kwashintsha ukuklanywa kwesithando somlilo, ukubonakala kwayo kanye nehlelo lokukhiqiza insimbi ngokwalo . Kodwa izinto eziyisisekelo zahlala ezifanayo. Namuhla, isithando somlilo sikhiqizwa ngamamitha angaba ngu-30 (ukuphakama kuyahluka ± 5 m). Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo sonke kungadlula u-80 m.

Ukuqhuma kwesithando kusebenza kanjani?

Ukukhokhwa okuphezulu (koloshnik) kulayishwa (i-agglomerate, i-pellets, i- iron ore, i- manganese, i-fuel and fluxes). Ngezansi imayini, ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yokuvutha kwesithando somlilo, okuyinto i-cone esanda. Ngenxa yalokhu kwandiswa, kulula ukuwehlisa izinto eziqinile ezikhulisa ivolumu uma zivutha. I-bottom (ebanzi, i-cylindrical) iseduze ne-bottom shaft. Kuyo kucibilikisa icala. Ngaphansi kwe-rasp, ngezansi, kukhona amahlombe, okwenziwe ngesigxobo esinezicucu kanye nesisekelo esinciphile ngaphansi. Ingxenye enjalo yesiphambano ihambelana kakhulu nevolumu yempahla eyancipha ngenxa yokuqubuka.

Esikhathini somlilo esiyindilinga, ingxenye engezansi yephrofayli, kukhona ukushiswa kwe-coke kanye nomkhiqizo owenziwe ngamanzi okuqubuka.

Uphondo luhlukaniswe izingxenye: indawo engaphezulu (i-tuyere) nephansi (isamukeli sesimbi, lapho imikhiqizo ye-smelting iqoqwa khona). Ingxenye engezansi yesithando somlilo kuthiwa ngezansi.

Esikhathini se-tuya kukhona ama-tuya ama-tuyere aphelisa ukuqhuma (umoya ovuthayo) ekuqhumeni kwesithando somlilo. Yileli sayithi elibhekene nokushiswa kwama-coke, amazinga okushisa lapha akhula abe ngamanani aphakeme kakhulu angu-2000 degrees. Ephezulu phezulu izinga lokushisa liphansi (kufika ku-350 degrees).

Engxenyeni engezansi yendawo yokulala yakha i-castper iron tapper, yeqa imikhiqizo yokuqhafaza - i-slag iphonswe insimbi ngokwayo.

Esikhathini esidlule, umpompi we-slag wasetshenzisiwe, kodwa umkhuba wamashumi eminyaka edlule ubonise ukuthi kungcono ukudlulisa i-slag nokuphonsa insimbi ngensimbi yompomp-cast, ngokuhlukaniswa kwabo okuqhubekayo emgodini omkhulu ohambisana nesithando somlilo.

Isithando somlilo sihlanganiswa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi isisekelo, lapho amadivaysi avula khona impompo yensimbi ensimbi futhi ayigcine emva kokukhishwa kwe-slag ne-cast iron. Lapha kunezitshalo ezinamanzi, okuqondisa umkhiqizo wokuqubuka emabhakede.

Umkhiqizo okhishwe kuhhavini uthunyelwa ku-chute enkulu lapho i-iron cast ihlukaniswa khona ne-slag (ukulinganisa umehluko). Ukusuka emgodini uye emigodini emibili. I-Slag ithunyelwe eyodwa, futhi iphonsa insimbi ngomunye. Insimbi yokudonsa ithululelwa ekufakeni amafomu okuqhubekayo (uhlobo lokuhambisa), emva kokupholisa phansi izibhunta ziguqulwa futhi kuqhutshekwe phambili insimbi ensimbi iqondiswa ezinqoleni. I-slag isetshenziselwa ngamachibi, ihlile ngamanzi futhi igcwele.

Ukuphakama kwesithando ngasinye kubhekene nokushisa okuqondile, yingakho inqubo yokushintshela ensimbi evela ku-ore igeleza.

Inani elanele le-oksijini linikezwa engxenyeni engezansi yesithando sokushisa i-coke. I-coke iyashisa, iphendukela ku- carbon dioxide, ephendula nge-coke, iguqule kakade ibe yi-carbon monoxide. Khona-ke kukhona ukusabela phakathi kwe-carbon monoxide ne- iron oxides. Kukhona ukubuyiselwa kwensimbi. I-iron igcwele i-carbon ne-cast iron. Ngaphezu kwamaphesenti amathathu kuya kwangu-4 e-carbon, ku-alloy ngamanani amancane akhona ama-manganese ne-silicon, isulfure ne-phosphorus.

Eqinisweni, ukuvutha kwesithando somlilo, isimiso sokusebenza esichazwe lapha, singabhekwa njengento yokukhiqiza engekho. Ama-by-products, avela ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, athole ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwezindonga zamafektri ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ensimbi. I-slag yenezelwa kumakhemikhali, afanele izakhiwo (okusetshenziselwa kabanzi manje manje ibhokisi elivimba i-cinder block), futhi ukuvutha kwesithando somlilo kusebenza njengotshani omuhle ophuza umoya owenzelwe ukuqhutshwa kwesithando somlilo.

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