Izindaba neNhlangano, I-journalism
Ukushayeka okukhulu emoyeni emhlabeni jikelele. Indiza enkulu kakhulu ishayela emhlabeni
Umuntu uye njalo bephupha esibhakabhakeni. izinganekwane WaseGrisi wasendulo ukuthi Daedalus nendodana yakhe Icarus sathandwa esibhakabhakeni ngosizo amaphiko, zazo ezazenziwe izimpaphe wax ngentambo.
Futhi enkulu usosayensi, umsunguli nomculi uLeonardo da Vinci kanye wadala imidwebo engavamile izindiza. Wayesebenzisa womuntu amandla kwemisipha ukuze ezindiza emkhathini olungenamkhawulo.
Abantu bebelokhu bezama isikhathi eside ukwakha imishini enjalo flying. Futhi usethe ...
Umlando emoyeni ukuphahlazeka emhlabeni
I kuqala leza kakhulu esibhakabhakeni waqala ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi obekumele phezulu izibalo global yokuphahlazeka. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa yokubalekela izindiza (wezimpahla umgibeli) ukuphahlazeka emoyeni zezwe ziya ziba mandla laqala. Izibalo obona emangalisayo wawo wawukhula kuze 1970. Futhi eminyakeni engu-70 inani eliphakeme lezifundo kwezinsizi esesabeka esibhakabhakeni.
Yokuphahlazeka emhlabeni, geography zabo
Ayisebenzi lokhu izibalo kabuhlungu edabukisayo izingozi kuthatha-United States. Ngokwe-ulwazi olutholakala Aviation Safety Network, kuleli zwe kusukela ngo-1945 kuze kube namuhla, yaphahlazeka lenqwaba umgibeli izindiza - ezingaphezu kuka 630. Kulezi izingozi zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka 9,000.
Russia, ngeshwa, esibalwa yesibili kule izibalo. Kusukela ngo-1945 e-Soviet Union of sikhathi kanye Russia yesimanje kwakukhona izingozi ezingaphezu kuka-200 e esibhakabhakeni. With kuka 5,000 efile.
indawo Okwesithathu - ngemuva Colombia.
Inombolo ezincane kunazo zonke ukuphahlazeka - e-Ecuador.
Izibalo Ukucozululwa kwamamaki emoyeni ukuphahlazeka zeminyaka yamuva ngezwe
Mashi 27, 1977 kwaphawula irekhodi lomhlaba ukuze isibalo izisulu kule ngozi. kungazelelwe endaweni Tenerife ubhekene namacala amabili liner "747" yezindiza eyaziwa "Pan-Melika" futhi KLM. Khona-ke abashonile kubantu 583.
Inombolo ephelele zezindiza iye yayiqhubeka ikhula kakhulu emhlabeni.
Inkampani yezindiza eyingozi kakhulu kulelo zwe, ngokombusi "ukuphepha yamanje" (kumagazini Swedish), kuyinto namaSoviet "Aeroflot". Ngokusho kwabo, izibalo yokuphahlazeka emhlabeni ebonisa ukuthi 1 million izindiza of "Aeroflot" has izinhlekelele ezingaphezu kuka-18. indawo Okwesibili kulolu hlu elibuhlungu izindiza Taiwan - ezingaphezu kuka-11 izingozi ngamunye million kusukwe. indawo Okwesithathu eGibhithe (angaphezu kuka-11), khona-ke - India (angaphezu kuka-10), Turkey, China, i-Philippines, South Korea kanye Poland - ayizigidi ezingu-41 izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-6 izingozi. Ephephile - -South-West Inkampani (USA). On-1.8 million izindiza bezindiza inkampani kungenzeki yimuphi izinhlekelele.
Inani elikhulu izisulu yokuphahlazeka emhlabeni
Igama izindiza | inhlekelele ngonyaka | ukuphahlazeka | Isibalo izisulu | Izwe, umnikazi we-izindiza | Izimbangela le nhlekelele |
Boeing-747 | 1977 | eCanary Islands | 578 | Netherlands, USA | reception Engalungile Imenenja Team nezisebenzi |
Boeing-747 | 1985 | Japan | 520 | Japan | Akwanele eliphezulu ukukhanda izindiza (izinkinga technical) |
IL-76, i-Boeing | 1996 | India | 349 | Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia | I ukushayisana bezindiza ababili emoyeni |
DC-10 | 1974 | France | 346 | Turkey | Kuvulwa dweba egumbini wezimpahla |
Boeing-737 | 1985 | Atlantic | 329 | India | isenzo ubuphekula |
IL-76 | 2003 | Iran | 275 | Iran | Komyanga ukushayisana ukubonakala nge phansi |
A-300 | 1994 | Japan | 264 | China | akachaziwe |
DC-8250 | 1985 | Nyufaulend | 250 | Canada | Privzlete kwakukhona ukulahlekelwa ijubane |
DC-10 | 1979 | Antarctica | 257 | entsha Zealand | Kuwele phansi |
A-300 | 2001 | United States | 246 | United States | umlilo Okungalindelekile emoyeni |
Leli thebula limelela okubi kakhulu kuphahlazeka indiza emhlabeni.
Incazelo ezinye ukuphahlazeka indiza
Ngo-March 1974, ngemva kuvulwa igumbi wezimpahla French DC-10 Airline WAKHO Turkish Airlines iphahlazeka ehlathini. Ingqikithi - 346 efile.
Ngo-March 1977, i-ukushayisana ka-Boeing 747-206B (KLM) kusukela Boeing 747-121 (Pan Am) iphahlazeka abantu abalisebenzisayo eziQhingini zaseCanary e Tenerife. 583 Kushone (Ukuphahlazeka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emoyeni).
Ngo-August 1980, ngemva kokwehla eziphuthumayo indiza ashisiwe L-1011-200 Tristar (Saudi) e Saudi Arabia (Riyadh). abantu 301 babulawa.
Ngo-June 1985, oLwandle Irish wabhubhisa le-Boeing 747-237V Air India yezindiza emva amaphekula ukuqhuma. Kwashona abantu abangu-329.
Ngo-July 1988, wadubula phansi nge iphutha iwubuphukuphuku ka lempi rocket umkhumbi Vincennes (Melika) Airbus A300B2-202 (Iran Air). Lokhu kwenzeka ngo- Gulf. abantu 290 babhubha.
Ngo-August 1985, washayisa intaba Boeing 747SR (Japan Airlines) eTokyo. Ngokumangalisayo, ngenkathi amane ngasinda. Kwashona abantu abangu-520.
Ngo-November 1996 e Charkhi-Dadra (India) kwakunomuntu Ukungqubuzana Boeing 747-168B (inkampani Saudi Arabian Airlines) ne Kazakh Ilyushin-76TD. Ubude wabulawa lapho abantu 349.
Ngo-January 1996, idolobha laseKinshasa eZaire emakethe wawa ANT-32 ogcwele kakhulu. Angaphezu kuka-297 efile. abantu 4 ngasinda izisebenzi (izisebenzi 5).
Ukufa yezinhloko zemibuso kuphahlazeka indiza
Umhlaba emoyeni ukuphahlazeka zenzeka ezindaweni ezingalindelekile, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, bazihlaba abantu isimo ezahlukene emphakathini.
Abaholi wonke amazwe, njengoba umthetho, isetshenziswa njengophawu izindiza ukunyakaza ngenxa nesikhathi yokonga. Basebenzisa lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu futhi kwabonakala sengathi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngokulondeka enkantolo. Nokho, imishini ezingalindelekile ukwehluleka noma nje isici womuntu kulezi zimo kungabangela kuphahlazeka indiza. Nazi ezinye Ukuphahlazeka emhlabeni, izikhulu zikahulumeni lokuqala kwabulawa lapho:
• Ngo-2010 - Leh Kachinsky (uMongameli Poland) nomkakhe, inani elikhulu . Amadoda Military kusukela High Command Polish nezinye izibalo zezombusazwe kwabulawa Ukuphahlazeka Tu-154 eduze Smolensk.
• Ngo-2004 - Boris Trajkovski (umongameli we Macedonia) wabulawa ngo-ukuphahlazeka eBosnia.
• Ngo-2001 - I Sudanese ngabaholi bezempi abulawa eningizimu yezwe.
• Ngo-1988 - Kushone Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, owayengumongameli we-Pakistan. Le nhlekelele yenzeke emzini Lahore, Pakistan (mhlawumbe ngenxa kokuhlasela kwamaphekula).
• Ngo-1986 - Samora Machel (uMongameli Mozambique) wabulawa ngo-kuphahlazeka indiza e South Africa.
• Ngo-1981 - Wafa Jaime Roldos Aguilera, ngubani umongameli we-Ecuador. kuphahlazeka indiza iphutha ezintabeni Ecuador Uayrapunga.
• Ngo-1969 - Rene Barentos Ortuño (uMongameli saseBolivia) washona ngo Arce (Bolivia).
• Ngo-1966 - Abdul Salam Arif (uMongameli Iraq) eningizimu ye-Iraq.
• Ngo-1961 - Kushone Dag Hammarskjöld (uNobhala Jikelele we-UN) eNyakatho Rhodesia (namuhla Zambia).
• Ngo-1957 - URamon Magsaysay (uMongameli ePhilippines) wabulawa kumasipala we Balamban ngenxa yale nhlekelele ezayo (Philippines).
amagama Ngisho eziningi owaziwa kungenziwa agcwaliswa inani labafayo phakathi ababusi wawo womabili la mazwe ezincane nezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona oluyimfihlakalo kuphahlazeka indiza zomhlaba, ikakhulu labo abamagama izimbangela zisekhona akucacile. Lezi zihlanganisa nokusaphazeka, okwenzeka ngo-Panama. Ngo-1981 u-Omar Torrijos - Jikelele, inhloko Panama, wafa ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali.
idatha lwezibalo izindiza Russian
Onegunya Isazi izinhlangano alethwe Izibalo eshayisa nezindiza izindiza eziningi Russian wenza isilinganiso ukuphepha izindiza ezikhona.
Muva nje, cishe zonke izindiza Russian uma uthenga bakhethe angaphandle (kakade esetshenziswa) izindiza, kunokuba Russian entsha. Futhi njengoba wazi, ukuphathwa amazwe imishini yanamuhla ifakwe electronics, wehlukile yasekhaya ukulawula izindiza. Ngakho, ke siyakhula futhi ingozi futhi, umane "Izinto ezenziwa abantu."
Ngakho, ngenxa inkampani "Russia" 184 izimpilo zabantu, yendiza "Vladivostok Avia" - 145, kusukela inkampani "KrasAir" - 29, futhi kwi-akhawunti "Airlines Tyumen" - 5. Kuyinto ujabula kakhulu khona izindiza abaye basebenza ku namuhla ngaphandle izisulu :. "Transero", "izindiza Ural" futhi "Domodedovo izindiza"
liner idatha Statistical ukalwe
Ithebula ubonisa simo izindiza kwawo engozini.
imodeli umkhumbi | Isibalo izindiza, abayizigidi ezingu | Bafe ezingozini ngokwesilinganiso,% | Inombolo imikhumbi | Ubucayi Isilinganiselwa airliner | ||
Boeing 747 | 16,26 | 49,04% | 28 | 0,84 | ||
Boeing 737-300 / 400/500 0 | 50 | 74,40% | 15 | 0,22 | ||
Airbus A300 | 9,72 | 66,56% | 9 | 0,62 | ||
Boeing 757 | 14,71 | 77,14% | 7 | 0,37 | ||
Airbus A320 / 319/321 | 21,43 | 65,86% | 7 | 0,22 | ||
Airbus A310 | 3,75 | 87,17% | 6 | 1.39 | ||
Boeing 767 | 11,76 | 91,67% | 6 | 0,47 | ||
Fokker F70 / F100 | 6,67 | 46,75% | 4 | 0,28 | ||
Boeing 737-600 / 700/800/900 | 13.9 | 100% | 2 | 0.14 | ||
Boeing 777 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Kusukela kwaziswa ngenhla kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi Boeing 777 okwamanje uhlobo onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke izindiza.
Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu air ukuphahlazeka
Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu zanamuhla zezindiza izingozi: izinkinga lobuchwepheshe (ukuhluleka insiza lobuchwepheshe, izinkinga ezincane), i-air traffic abalawuli amaphutha, abashayeli nabo bonke abanye abantu (isici womuntu), lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke, isinyathelo sezempi, izingozi ebulalayo kungazwakali (yeziphambeko ekuvikeleni, nokuduma, lombane, ithathe ngisho ukungqubuzana izinyoni m. p.).
Imbangela enkulu yokuphahlazeka iphutha iyona bomshayeli ngeshwa kakhulu. Ngo umkhuba emhlabeni wonke, lokulandisa cishe 70% kuphahlazeka indiza.
Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abesabekayo kuphahlazeka indiza futhi isikhathi ngasinye okubangela ukusabela kubuhlungu komphakathi womhlaba wonke, zezindiza ingenye enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ephephile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto ezikhona.
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