Ukuqhuma kwendiza eGibhithe ngoMeyi 2016: kubangela, uphenyo, oshonile

Ngo-Meyi 19, 2016, inkampani ye-Egyptair yaseGibhithe yashaya emanzini oLwandle iMedithera. I-liner yahamba esuka eParis iya eCairo. Ngaphakathi kwakunezigibeli ezingu-56 nabasebenzi abangu-10. Bonke bafa.

Isikhathi

Ngobusuku ngoLwesithathu kuze kube ngoLwesine, uMeyi 19, 2016, phezu kwezindiza ezishonile ze-Mediterranean e-Egypt. Kwakuyizindiza ezivela eParis kuya enhlokodolobha yaseGibhithe - idolobha laseCairo.

Ngokusho kwezindaba, abantu abangu-66 baya endizeni, abangu-56 kubo bangabagibeli, kanti abantu abangu-10 bangamalungu eqembu. Phakathi kwabantu abenza indiza, izakhamizi zaseGibhithe, eCanada, Kuwait, eBrithani, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe. AmaRussia ayengekho ezindiza.

Ekupheleni kweLwesine, ulwazi olunembile mayelana nalesi sigameko aluhambiswanga. Ekuqaleni, i-airline yaseGibhithe yathi le ndege yayinyamalale emehlweni e-radar ngo-4 ekuseni. Kamuva, ummeleli we-Ministry of Civil Aviation of the country wethule ulwazi lokuthi indiza yayinikeza izimpawu zokucindezeleka ngo-6 ekuseni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, isosha laseGibhithe laphika ukuthi kukhona izimpawu ezitholakala ku-liner ezingekho.

Indawo yokwehla

Amanzi aseLwandle LwaseMedithera - indawo engafanelekile. Ukushayeka kwezindiza eGibhithe kwenzeka ngqo. Ngokusho kwezindiza, le ndiza yaqhutshwa ngaphambi kwezindiza, okwakwanele cishe izindiza eziyi-10. Ukuya ngenhloso yokukhipha imali akuzange kwenziwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusesha izindiza kanye nezisulu kwaqalwa eMfuleni iMedithera.

Ntambama, abameleli baseGrisi bamemezela ukuthi zitholakale izingxenye zezingxenye zezindiza. Ukuthola kwakwenziwe endaweni lapho okokugcina i-radar ibonwa khona izindiza.

Kusihlwa kosuku olufanayo, abameleli bezindiza baqale ukuphika lolu lwazi, kodwa emva kwamahora amaningana eqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lulungile. Ngehora lesishiyagalolunye, kwaziswa isimemezelo sokuthi indiza yatholwa.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-radar, okuyinto yokugcina ibhalele imoto, ngesikhathi sokuwa yahamba ngesikebhe se-11 km ngesivinini se-980 km ngehora.

Ulwazi mayelana nabashayeli bezindiza

Bobabili abashayeli bezindiza babe nolwazi olufanele nolwazi. Umshayeli oyinhloko wayeneminyaka engu-6.3 amahora ezindizayo, kanti eyesibili - 2.8. E-Airbus A320, lo mshayeli wenza amahora angu-2 100 ezindiza. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli abashayeli abangenalwazi abakwazi ukubizwa ngegama.

Imininingwane yalokho okwenzekile

Izindiza Izindiza zeGibhithe zahamba ensimini yaseFrance emahoreni angu-10 imizuzu engu-10 (isikhathi saseMoscow). Ngalokhu wayekulindeleke ngo-4: 15 (isikhathi saseMoscow). Kodwa-ke, imoto yomoya yanyamalala endaweni yocwaningo 30 imizuzu ngaphambi kokufika okuhlongozwayo. Njengoba abameleli baseGrisi babike ukuthi, indiza yabe isetshenziswa ngokuqinile, ngemva kwalokho yangena emsilazweni futhi yalala emgqeni we-radar. Ukuphahlazeka kwezindiza eGibhithe (okufanekiselwe ngenhla) kwenzeka ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuba i-liner idlule ngaphesheya kwemingcele yeGreece.

Ngokusho komphathi wesitsha somthengisi esasikude (240 km), ukukhanya okukhanya esibhakabhakeni kufana nokuqhuma. E-intanethi, ngisho nevidiyo ishicilelwe, eyasuswa emkhunjini. Kubonisa ukukhanya kokukhanya esibhakabhakeni nokuwa kwalo emanzini oLwandle iMedithera. Ukwaziswa nevidiyo zivivinywa isikhathi eside.

Isimo se-liner

Izindiza zezindiza zibhekwa njengokwethenjelwa ngokwanele. Umkhiqizi wabika ukuthi izindiza zeGibhithe zathengisa imoto ngo-2003. Ngaphambi kwalokho, i-liner yakwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo amahora angama-50 amahora. Indiza ayingakapheli amandla okwakhiwa kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhamba okuvela eParis kuya enhloko-dolobha yaseGibhithe kwakungenxa ye-liner eyesihlanu ngosuku. Ngokusho kwezindaba zaseGibhithe, eminyakeni emithathu edlule, izindiza zezindiza ze-Airbus A320 zinezinkinga zenjini. Imoto yahamba esuka eCairo iya e-Istanbul. Nokho, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka, indiza yaphoqeleka ukuba ibuyele endaweni yokuhamba. Isizathu sasiwukusebenza kabi kweyodwa yezinjini.

Izinkinga zezindiza

Ngokombiko wesiFulentshi, kwi- Airbus A320 ngosuku ngaphambi kwenkathazo, izinkinga ezintathu ohlelweni lwesimisi zizinzile. Ulwazi lutholakala ohlelweni lwe-ACARS, olusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imiyalezo phakathi kwezindiza neziteshi ezisemhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho izikhalazo ngezinkinga zabasebenzi bezindiza.

Izibhamu zaqoshwa lapho imoto yomoya ihamba phezu kwe-Eritrea, eTunisia, eGibhithe naseFrance. Esendlini yangasese, kanye nasegumbini elingaphakathi, izibhamu zensimbi zenziwa.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izinzwa zingase zisebenze esikhathini esingaphansi komsi womusi, ezinye izibhamu noma i-vapor. Nokho, muva nje ukuklama kwabo sekuphelile, ngakho-ke izenzakalo ezifanayo azizange zenzeke futhi. Uma izitshalo zokubhema ziqala, ezinye zezici zokuphepha zingakhutshazwa, kufaka phakathi ukuvikelwa kokuzenzekelayo kokulawula indiza.

Ngokusho kwephephandaba laseMelika elidumile, isenzakalo esinjalo senzeke ngezindiza e-United States eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambili. Njengomphumela wokubangela izinzwa zensimbi ebhodini, eminye yemisebenzi yokuphepha, kuhlanganise nokuxhumana ne-dispatcher, yeka ukusebenza. Isizathu sezindiza ukuqhuma eGibhithe kungenzeka lokhu.

Umbuzo yingakho abagibeli bezindiza zaseGibhithe abangazange babike izinkinga, bahlala bevulekile, uphenyo luyaqhubeka.

I-Airbus A320 isivele isisulu sezinsongo zobuphekula. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukubhalwa kwendiza yendiza kufunde: "Le ndege izodubula." Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kochwepheshe, lesi sigameko asixhunyiwe nengozi. Isizathu singaba isimo sezombangazwe kuleli zwe.

Izilinganiso zezimbangela zengozi

Ekuphenyweni kwenhlekelele, zonke izinhlangothi zinesithakazelo, futhi ngalinye lamazwe lanikeza usizo eGibhithe ngokufuna nokuthola izizathu. Ngokusho kwezindaba, abagibeli bezindiza babe: izakhamuzi ezingama-30 zaseGibhithe, 15 - eFrance, kanye nomuntu oyedwa ovela ezakhamuzi zaseBelgium, e-Algeria. Great Britain, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Sudan, Chad nasePortugal.

Isimo sezulu sasinhle ngalolo suku. Kwakungekho ifu esibhakabhakeni. Izimo zezulu zaqinisekiswa ngezithombe ezithathwe yi-satellite ye-NASA, kanye nomshayeli wendiza eyenza indiza ngalobobusuku.

Ukushayisana kwezindiza eGibhithe (isithombe siboniswe ngezansi) kwakha imibono eminingi mayelana nezimbangela zesigameko. Noma kunjalo, omunye wabo usalokhu oyinhloko.

Ukuqhuma kwendiza eGibhithe kungase kube ukuhlasela kwamaphekula. Lesi siphetho senziwa abanye ochwepheshe baseFrance. UJean-Paul Troadec uthe uqiniseke ukuthi imbangela yokushona kwaba izenzo zobuphekula. Uma kungenjalo, ukuwa kwe-liner kwakungeke kube okungalindelekile futhi kunezizathu ezithile eziqondile, ithimba lingase libe nesikhathi sokusabela. UNdunankulu waseGibithe, naye, akazange akhiphe inguqulo yesenzo samaphekula.

Umqondisi we-FSB weRussian Federation, u- A. Bortnikov, unombono ofanayo kanye nokuzisola wathi mayelana nokuhlasela kwesibili kwamaphekula eGibhithe. Izakhamizi ezingu-12 ziba izisulu zamaphekula manje.

Nokho, isazi sezindiza uPaul Charles uthatha umbono ohlukile. Ngokombono wakhe, ukuphenduka okungalindelekile ukuthi indiza eyenziwe ngaphambi kokunyamalala ingabonisa ezinye izenzo ezingenakulungiswa ku-cockpit ye-pilot.

Isizathu esingaba khona sokushayeka kwezindiza eGibhithe yisimiso esingasebenzi kahle. Ngokuphathelene nedatha etholakalayo ekusebenzeni kwezinhloli zensimbi, inguqulo ibhekwa ukuthi abaqhubi be-liner bangakwazi ukuvala ezinye izinhlelo zokulawula ngokungahambi.

Enye ingozi esibhakabhakeni phezu kweGibhithe

Ngasekuqaleni kweGibhithe, kwakukhona izinhlekelele kakade, imbangela yalokho okwakungenxa yezenzo zobuphekula. Uma inguqulo enkulu iqinisekiswa, khona-ke kuyokwazi ukukhuluma ngokuhlasela kwesithathu kwamaphekula. Ngo-Okthoba 2015, indiza yaphahlazeka eGibhithe, indiza yaseRussia, kwathi ngo-March, yaxoshwa imoto.

Ekuwa konyaka odlule, indiza yezindiza zaseRussia eKogalymavia yaqhuma yawela phezu kweSinayi. Imoto yaphuma echwebeni elidumile laseSharm El Sheikh emuva eSt. Petersburg. Ebhodini kwakuyizivakashi, ababebuyela ekhaya. Abantu abangu-224 babeyizisulu zengozi (indiza yaphahlazeka eGibhithe). Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izimo zengozi, kwacaca ukuthi imbangela yokuphahlazeka kwaba izenzo zobuphekula. Ukuxhumeka kokuthutha neGibhithe kunqunywe ukuma isikhashana. Isinqumo esifanayo senziwa yiziphathimandla zaseBrithani.

Lesi sigameko sabangela umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni waseGibhithe. Ngokusho kwezindaba, ukulahlekelwa yilezi zinyanga zonke ku-$ 273 million. Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezezimali kuhanjiswa yi-tour operators yaseRashiya, lapho iGibhithe yayiyindawo eyodwa ethandwa kakhulu yizivakashi.

Isikhathi sonke emva kwalesi sigameko, izinhlangothi zenze izingxoxo ngemigomo nemibandela yokuvuselelwa kokuxhumana komoya phakathi kwamazwe. Nokho, ngasekuqaleni kukaMashi 2016 kwenzeka esinye isenzakalo esithinta kakhulu izingxoxo: amaphekula antshontsha indiza ehlangothini laseGibhithe, amphoqe ukuba ahlale esiqhingini saseCyprus.

Ekuqaleni konyaka, ukuqala kabusha kwezindiza kwakubhekwa njengesenzakalo esenzeka kakhulu. Ehlobo, ukuvulwa kwenkathi kwakulindelekile futhi ukuqala kokuthengwa kwamavolumu ekusebenziseni amadolobha. Noma kunjalo, okwenzekile uye wabonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokuqapha eziseGibhithe kanye nesistimu yabo yokuphepha ebuyekeziwe ayifuni imiphumela. I-Russia iye yaqaphela nakakhulu.

Ukushayisana kwezindiza phezu kweGibhithe kubangele imibuzo eminingi. Iqembu lethu liveze ngokushesha iziduduzo zalo mayelana nalesi sigameko.

Ngokusho kwephephandaba laseFrance, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwesibhedlela seGibhithe, kanye nabasebenzi bayo bahlolwe. Ngaphambilini, ngenxa yokuhlola okuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwabasebenzi, abantu abanobuSulumane abanomdlandla bathola. Babekwazi ukulayisha ukulayisha imithwalo nokulayisha indawo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphahlazeka kwezindiza eGibhithe ngendiza yaseRussia ngo-2015 kwafezwa ngosizo lwabasebenzi basezindiza. Okwamanje, lena inguqulo enkulu yophenyo.

Umlilo ongalindelekile endizeni

Iphephandaba i-NY Times lanyathelisa ulwazi lokuthi ukushayisana kwezindiza eGibhithe kungabangelwa umlilo owenziwe ebhodini. Ngokusho uhlelo lokuthumela imiyalezo ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwanda okungezelelwe kokushisa kwenzeke eduze komphemeli womshayeli. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukubeka isizathu esiqondile somlilo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubangelwa izinkinga zezindiza noma imbangela yayiyisenzo samaphekula. Ulwazi lutholakala emabhokisini amnyama atholakele. Ochwepheshe bakwazi ukuchaza igama elithi "umlilo" kumininingwane etholakele. Ikhomishini yokuphenya lesi sigameko ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside kunoma yiziphi izimbangela zokuphahlazeka. Imithombo eyimfihlo, noma kunjalo, yayiqiniseka kuphela ukuthi kwakukhona ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ebhodini.

I-wreckage yendiza. Kubulawe ekushoneni kwezindiza eGibhithe

Ngezikhathi ezithile, abezindaba bemithombo yabezindaba bathola ulwazi mayelana nokutholakala kwemininingwane yendiza noma impahla yabagibeli be-liner ewile. Ukutholwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngepumalanga yaseGibhithe endaweni lapho i-radar igcina khona ukuloba indawo yemoto yaseGibhithe. Bathole umthwalo womthwalo, isihlalo nomzimba womgibeli. Ngolunye usuku ngaphambili, isiteshi seThelevishini seThrojani sabika ukutholakala kwezingxenye zezindiza kanye nezakhi zomthwalo ezingamakhilomitha angu-80 eziqhingini zaseGreek.

Esikhathini esithile ngemva kokushaywa kwe-liner phezu kweGibhithe, izimpawu ezisuka phansi kweLwandle iMedithera zabhalwa. Bavela emabhokisini amnyama. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo yokusesha yayinciphile kakhulu, futhi kutholakala maduze ngokushesha.

Ukuphenya

Ukuphenya kwe-indiza yezindiza eGibhithe kwenziwa ngamandla aseFrance naseGibhithe. Imibuzo yobuchwepheshe kanye nezizathu zezinhlekelele zicaciswa yiHhovisi lase-French Attorney General's Office. Izinsalela zezisulu zihlolwe futhi zifundwe yiziphathimandla zaseGibhithe. Ekuboneni imbangela yalokho okwenzekile, ohlangothini lwesiGreki unesithakazelo. Ngokuphathelene nesifiso sabo sokubamba iqhaza ekuphenyweni, kunqunywe ukuba kufake ummeli weGreece ekomitheni yophenyo elibhekele ukubuyiswa kwemicimbi. Uzoba nelungelo lokuhlola indawo yesehlakalo, ubufakazi, isidumbu somuntu oshonile, kanye nokwenza ezinye izenzo.

Ngemva kokutholakala izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-liner, lezi zinhlawulo zaqala ukukhuliswa ibutho, kanye nosizo nokuqondiswa komsebenzi wokuphenya.

Endaweni yokuwa kwezindiza yathunyelwa emotweni engaphansi kwamanzi, eyakwazi ukusiza kakhulu ekutholeni i-wreckage yezindiza eziphazamisekile eGibhithe. Ibhokisi elimnyama litholakala maduzane. NgoJuni 16, 2016 ithole umrekhodi wezwi, nangosuku olulandelayo - umrekhoda onomoya.

Ukukhomba kwabafileyo. Izisulu zezindiza zahlaselwa eGibhithe

Ukuthola izidumbu zomuntu oshonile, izihlobo zacelwa ukuba zithathe izivivinyo ze-DNA zokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Le ndaba yathathwa eCairo, kwenye yamahhotela aseduze nesakhiwo sezindiza. Lapha, uhulumeni waseGibhithe wayekwazi ukuthola izihlobo zabahlukunyezwa yilezi zinkathazo (ukushayeka kwezindiza eGibhithe). Basusa izisulu kancane kancane nasezingxenyeni. Ubunikazi bezisulu bungatholakala kuphela ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto eziphilayo.

Izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-80 zezidumbu zanikelwa enhloko-dolobha yaseGibhithe. Ukubona nokuhlolwa kwezinsalela kwenziwa. Ihhovisi likaMshushisi Jikelele waseGibhithe lihlanganyela ekutadisheni lokho okutholakala.

Inguqulo eyisisekelo

Ngenxa yedatha etholakalayo, elinye lamalungu eqembu lokuphenya lisho ukuthi inguqulo yokuqhuma okwenze ukuba indiza ibhubhe eGibhithe (ngenxa yezizathu ezicacile, asinikezi isithombe sabafileyo), njengamanje iyona eyinhloko. Izingxenye ezincane zezidumbu nazo ziyisiqinisekiso salokhu. Kwakungekho izingxenye ezinkulu noma izidumbu eziphelele eziqhubekayo.

Imikhawulo yeziqhumane ingakatholakali, ngakho-ke imbangela esemthethweni yendiza ehlaselwa eGibhithe ayiqanjwanga.