G. R. Derzhavin - esiphezulu nabo futhi uthisha abalobi A. S. Pushkina. eziningi Literary ezibhaliwe mayelana nendima eyadlalwa umsebenzi imbongi sokuthuthukiswa art Russian, yeka Umthala elimangalisayo kubantu abanobuciko kwavela ngaye. Esinye sezipho ezinhle kakhulu kumbhali lyrical ematheksthi - inkondlo "Ukuhlonishwa".
Umlando sokudalwa
Noma yimuphi imbongi kuyinto eyinqaba ukuba nezikhathi ezithile yezindlela zokudala ngamafuphi umsebenzi wakhe, ukuhlola lokho osekwenziwe, banethemba lekusasa. Kasukanga phakathi imithetho kanye Gavriil Romanovich. Sonke siyazi Uhlelo yakhe "Isikhumbuzo". Kodwa namuhla masikhumbule omunye, kuveza engengaphansi ezithakazelisayo lyrical imbongi kanye inkondlo uyosingatha ekuhlaziyweni Derzhavin "Ukuhlonishwa". Wawuthi esikhathini ovuthiwe zokuphila futhi lokusungula, lapho umlobi yayisivele laziwa kabanzi futhi waqaphela emibuthanweni etemibhalo. Nokho, njengoba azi ukuthi indlela yakhe olusankondlo lihlukile amasiko ke ekhona futhi befuna ukuba njengoba kuqondwe abafundi futhi abalobi nabo, Derzhavin ubona umsebenzi walo ukucacisa abo ngenxa yobuhle nokusikwa nezimiso zokuziphatha nemibono. Phela, ngokuvamile osolwa izinhlobo ukuxuba, ukusetshenziswa "ongaphakeme", ie. E. silulumagama Esangxoxo. Kodwa-ke kuba lokusungula imbongi wayebhekwa njengoba phezulu classicism Russian! Ngakho-ke kubalulekile kucondza umlingisi zalo eziyisisekelo yokuhlaziya inkondlo Derzhavin "Ukuhlonishwa". Kulesi isiqeshana esifushane, abhalwe 1807, iqukethe uhlobo ikhodi senkondlo.
Umbhali kanye hero lyrical
Kusukela 1803, Gavriil Romanovich disclaims konke amandla wombuso kanye liyashona, ku "izingalo ukuthula zasemakhaya." Ukuba Zvanka liba indawo yangempela imbongi tetemibhalo, okwadala inani elikhulu imisebenzi. Ukudala iba orientation zefilosofi ukuthi kungabonakala ngokucacile, okwenza ukuhlaziywa inkondlo Derzhavin "Ukuhlonishwa". umkhiqizo efanayo umlingisi kumbhali lyric. Imbongi igcizelela ilungelo: kuba ngabantu abafanayo, njengawo wonke umuntu, futhi-ke libhekene banobuthakathaka obufana, izinkanuko, nokuthi lonke abafayo: zothando befuna futhi bezinto yokukhanya, abanothando ubuhle besifazane, udumo, udumo. Ngoba umkhiqizo ekupheleni, uwuchaze leli zwi waseBhayibhelini owaziwa, umbhali uthi ongabonakali interlocutors-abafundi bakhe: ukujikijela itshe phezu ethuneni lami uma ungathandi!
Isihloko umqondo
Buciko ukuhlaziya le nkondlo Derzhavin "Ukuhlonishwa" angukhiye, sibonisa umqondo ngemibono isikhungo salo "ingqondo nenhliziyo ye Human kwaba ubuhlakani bami." Kuyinto "t Umuntu '. E. A ngenhlonipho, ngomusa, ngobuqotho eziyizici ke, ukholo konke okuhle. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa nezinye izibonelo umbhalo: hero ayithandi ukuzenza futhi "Isazi sefilosofi athathe isimo 'izinkondlo, yena kukhazimulisa hhayi yena, kodwa emandleni aphakeme, umvuzo ithalente lakhe. Kakhulu egcizelela ke ubuntu babantu isipho sakhe, Derzhavin "Ukuhlonishwa" akhela phezu kwalesi simiso umehluko. Uveza ukuthi uma amakhosi okhazinyulisiwe, akusiyo ngoba sinemizwa ukwethembeka, futhi ukuhlabelela izimfanelo ezidingekayo kule ubuso isimo, bese ukhomba ukuba amandla. Zalokhu kunqoba abangu bebabaza, ukuthi inzalo ukwazi izenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni waso, uyaziqhenya ngayo, futhi izwe lakhe, isikhathi sakhe wabuye waphakamisa esisekelweni yalokho okufezwa okukhulu. Emehlweni hero lyrical neqiniso noMbusi wababusi "bryakal", ubukela phansi kubo ayiveli umona noma isifiso sokulimaza ngakho baba ngcono. Kuyinto ngobuqotho, ukuba neqiniso nokuvuleka emhlabeni futhi Abaningi babecabanga ukuthi lesi Inzuzo enkulu izinkondlo zakhe Derzhavin. "Ukuhlonishwa", ukuhlaziya ukuthi senzile kuphakamisa ngokugcwele. okuyigugu ngokukhethekile kithi futhi isipho Gavriil Romanovich, nefa lakhe eliyingqayizivele senkondlo. Ukuvala inkathi nezincwadi zakudala Russian, wakwazi ukuba amnike esinjengomuntu ophilayo. Ngenxa Pushkin zazikholelwa ngobuqotho Derzhavina uthisha yakhe ekhaliphile.