Proton mass

Uma kukholakala ukuthi iyunithi owesincane isakhiwo iyiphi into - molecule. Khona-ke, kokusunguliwe ezinamandla kakhudlwana, isintu kusimangaze ukuthola umqondo athomu - yamangqamuzana esiyinhlanganisela izinhlayiyana. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ingasaphathwa? Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngisho kamuva kwembula ukuthi athomu e ithuba inezigaba ezincane.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-physics British kwekhulu lama-20 'uRutherford Ernest wavula ebukhoneni nuclei-athomu - izakhiwo emaphakathi, ngaleso sikhathi, kwasho ukuqala ukulandelana okutholakele engapheli mayelana isici isakhi iyunithi ezincane kunazo zonke daba.

Kuze kube manje, encike enuzi isakhiwo yama-athomu , futhi ngenxa izifundo eziningi, kuyaziwa ukuthi i-athomu siqukethe i-nucleus, okuyinto lizungezwe ifu electron. Ukwakheka a "ifu" ezinjalo - electron noma izinhlayiya aphansi nenkokhiso ezimbi. Ukwakheka core, kunalokho, kantsi sicuketse loku izinhlayiya nge kagesi omuhle icala eyamukelayo proton igama. Kakade kushiwo ngenhla, physics British wakwazi ukugcina futhi kamuva ukuchaza lesi simo. Ngo-1919, lapho wenza inhlolo-vo, eyayihlanganisa e yokuthi-alpha izinhlayiya wangqongqoza hydrogen nuclei we nuclei nezinye izakhi. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuthola futhi abonise ukuthi ama-proton - hhayi nje i-nucleus ye-athomu ye-hydrogen ngaphandle electron eyodwa. Ngo yesimanje physics proton kuboniswe p uphawu noma p + (okusho ukuthi icala positive).

Proton elungiselelweni YesiGreki "ezinkulu kuqala" - i kuyizinhlayiyana aphansi, ngokuphathelene kokuthi ekilasini baryons, okusho kuqhathaniswa esindayo izinhlayiya aphansi. Simele isakhiwo ezinzile, isikhathi sokuphila kwalo eseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2.9 x 10 (29).

Empeleni, ngaphezu i-proton, i-nucleus yama-athomu iqukethe neutrons, okuyinto, ngokusekelwe egameni, neutrally icala. Zombili lezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi nucleons.

Sisindvo proton, esenziwa izimo sobala, isikhathi eside ayengelananii. Manje siyazi ukuthi

mp = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

ngaleyo ndlela Kubonakala futhi mass lonke i-proton.

Manje cabanga ezindaweni ethize ukuqondwa ezahlukene Proton physics mass.

Ungqimba izinhlayiya ngaphakathi wesayensi yenuzi kuvame umbono ohlukile, it is a iyunithi yokulinganisa amu

Amu --athomu mass iyunithi. Omunye amu ilingana 1/12 mass ye-athomu ye-carbon, okuyinani elilingana nenani mass 12. Ngakho, 1-athomu mass iyunithi ilingana 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

proton mass, Ngakho-ke, ngale ndlela elandelayo:

mp = 1,007276 kanye. e. m.

Kukhona enye indlela esingathola ukuveza nenqwaba izinhlayiya kahle icala ngokusebenzisa amayunithi ezahlukene ngesilinganiso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ukuba bangawathathi kalula kwefrakshini uyaca namandla E = MC2. Lapho c - ngejubane lokukhanya, kanye m - mass umzimba.

proton mass kulokhu uzobe kulinganiswa e megaelectronvolts noma MeV. Lokhu iyunithi yokulinganisa isetshenziswa kuphela ku wesayensi yenuzi futhi yenuzi futhi ukhonza ukukala amandla lapho ludingeka ukudluliselwa kuyizinhlayiyana phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ku- field electrostatic. Nge isimo ukuthi umehluko ezingaba phakathi kwalezi amaphuzu ilingana 1 Volt.

Ngakho, uma kubhekwa ukuthi 1 amu = 931,494829533852 MeV proton mass cishe

mp = 938 MeV.

Lesi siphetho etholakala ngesisekelo izilinganiso mass-spectroscopic nokuthi isisindo ngesimo lapho kuboniswa ngenhla, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i-e nergiey proton ukuphumula.

Ngakho, ukugxila ezidingweni ukuhlola, isisindo kuyizinhlayiyana kulencane ungaboniswa ngamanani ezintathu ezahlukene, amayunithi ezintathu ezahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi-proton ungaboniswa isihlobo mass electron, okuyinto ukuba okuningi izinhlayiya "nzima" kuthiwa kahle icala ezaziwayo. anesisindo esilinganayo izibalo okwe iphutha eliphawulekayo Kulokhu kuyoba 1836.152 672 isihlobo mass electron.