Ukwahlukanisa futhi izinhlobo uwoyela motor

uwoyela Engine - uyinto ngaphandle kwalokho kakho izindleko, kungekho moto. Le into esilazayo Kuhloswe ukuba izingxenye yangaphakathi omlilo injini nivame ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza. Kunengqondo, ikuphi-ke inkinga? Thatha uwoyela motor, awathele injini futhi ujabulele ogibele. Empeleni, konke luyindida kakhulu, njengoba kukhona izinhlobo eziningi amafutha engine ezahlukene, futhi udinga ukuthi iyiphi kuzo okudingayo. Nakani emaphaketheni - lapho uzothola ezinye emihlanganweni umuntu engaqaliwe ngokuvamile nganoma yini, hhayi ngamazwi. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, udinga ukufunda lesi sihloko. Kuyoba kahle uqonde izinhlobo eziyisisekelo motor amafutha, kanye ngezigaba zabo. Ngemva kokutadisha impahla wena ngempela kalula futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga uyokwazi ukukhetha uwoyela esifanele phakathi kwamanye amaningi ethulwa ongakhetha ezizohanjiswa kuwe esitolo.

amafutha amaminerali

Ukwahlukaniswa kuqala, okuyinto kuwufanele ukunaka - ngohlobo ukukhiqizwa. Lona ngezigaba kakhulu eziyisisekelo, okuvumela ukuba uqonde izakhiwo eziyisisekelo umkhiqizo okufana ethize. Ngakho, okokuqala sizogxila amafutha amaminerali - uma sichaza kafushane futhi bebonke, singasho ukuthi yibo ziye etholwe yokucwenga petroleum. Uma siye imininingwane imikhiqizo yezimbiwa ungasho okuningi. Izinhlobo amafutha engine kungenzeka zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa mineral kubhekwa ofanele kakhulu konke ukusetshenziswa usuku ezindaweni ejwayelekile ezisemadolobheni. It is etholakala amafutha isizinda, okuyinto kuveza ngokuqondile kawoyela ongahluziwe. Ukuze okufana eyisisekelo wabe esenezela izithasiselo ezithile zamakhemikhali, ukuqinisekisa ubukhona e umkhiqizo osuphelile ngezici ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba kuye kwashiwo phambilini, le ndlela kangcono yokushayela ejwayelekile ohamba endaweni ezisemadolobheni noma kuleli zwe, usebenzisa imoto cishe nsuku zonke. Ngakho uma ucabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene amafutha engine, futhi niyazi ukuthi uthanda ukushayela ezolile olinganiselayo ngesivinini ngokulinganisela, umkhiqizo amaminerali - kuwukukhetha ephelele. Kodwa yini enye inamaphuzu kule ngezigaba?

Semi-zokwenziwa uwoyela motor

Yiqiniso, izinhlobo motor amafutha ayigcini ezahlukeneyo amaminerali - njengoba avame ukubonakala emashalofini semiochemicals. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Ingabe kumele ngizinike like ibhotela? Kungcono kuka amaminerali, noma okubi nakakhulu? Eqinisweni, njengoba nje akunakwenzeka - la mafutha akuyona ungcono noma kukubi kakhulu, kungcono nje ezahlukene. It is wadala ngokuxuba imikhiqizo yemvelo futhi zokwenziwa (iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kamuva). Uma fan of ngesivinini kanye ushayela imoto ngesivinini esikhulu, wena kulingane kahle le ndlela kanye uwoyela amaminerali, njengoba baye baqonda kakade, kuyinto ekahle ukushayela ngesivinini evamile ezisemadolobheni. Nokho, kuphela ukusebenza hhayi ijubane kunqunywa injongo lolu hlobo uwoyela. Iqiniso lokuthi imodeli semi zokwenziwa yilona ukumelana kakhulu namachibi - ngokulandelana, kutuswa ukusebenzisa la mafutha ezimweni lokushisa kakhulu. Ngoba empeleni isiRashiya, le ndlela kungase kube kakhulu esebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka umkhiqizo amaminerali yemvelo, okuyinto nakanjani Wayengakwazi ukubekezelela ezinzima yesithwathwa Russian. Kodwa akugcini lapho zonke izinhlobo motor amafutha kule ngezigaba - kufanele bajwayelane enye inguqulo zokwenziwa.

Zokwenziwa motor amafutha

abashayeli abaningi imfundamakhwela bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo uwoyela motor - "Mobile," "Elf" nokunye. Nokho, lokhu kuphela abakhiqizi, kodwa futhi ukhokhe ukuze uzulazule kanye ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo yilezi kahle ukuba injini yemoto yakho. Ngokuqondene izinhlobo langempela uwoyela, ngezigaba ngohlobo ukukhiqizwa ingenye kuphela iphuzu - zokwenziwa. Abaningi baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu uhlobo uwoyela phambili, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo yena ubuye eqolo. Iqiniso lokuthi indalo yayo akawasebenzisanga uwoyela - ke kuveza eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali zamagama inqubo (kungakho igama layo liyi) kuphela ezimweni zaselebhu. Phakathi ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo kunezelwa kuphela high quality izithasiselo ukuphakela uwoyela izimfanelo best kuphela. Ngokuvamile zokwenziwa amafutha kakhulu ziphumelela kangcono amaminerali kanye lulwimi zokwenziwa ngoba inombolo yezici abalulekile, njengokuzinikela, viscosity, sokuvikelwa motor, petrol nokunye. Manje uyazi ukuthi izinhlobo uwoyela motor, uma sicabangela kusigaba uhlobo ukukhiqizwa. Kodwa kunezinye ngeengaba, okuyinto siyadingeka ukuze banake.

ngezigaba Sae

Sekuyisikhathi sibheke ukuthi yini enye izinhlobo motor amafutha. Ukwahlukaniswa, okuzokwenza kubhekwe manje igama Sae. Lena igama esifushanisiwe lenhlangano ukwethula lokhu ngezigaba, okuyinto ejwayelekile amazwe aseYurophu. Ngokuphelele inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi "Umphakathi Automotive Engineers ', ngakho-ke uma uzwa leli gama, manje kudingeka wazi ukuthi iyini ngempela lisho. Nokho, ngokuyisisekelo lokhu ngezigaba? Yiziphi izinhlobo uwoyela lihlukaniswe ngaphakathi accordance nga it? Ukuqokwa umkhiqizo ezifana ngokuvamile elibukeka njenga leli: 15W noma 50. nje Yiqiniso, uma ungazi imininingwane yaleli ngezigaba, kuwe ekubizweni wathula. Kungenxa yalesi futhi kufanele ufunde lesi sihloko. Kusuka lapha uyofunda ukuthi W incwadi esihlokweni libhekisela Winter, yilokho la mafutha senzelwe ukusetshenziswa ebusika. Ngokuqondene nenani, isetshenziswa ebusika, futhi ehlobo, futhi imikhiqizo isizini. Libhekisela viscosity ekilasini laba bafundi, okungukuthi, ikuvumela ukuba baphumelele kulolu nganoma iyiphi izimo zezulu, ungasebenzisa inketho ethile. Ngakho manje wena ube nomqondo othile ngokuthi lokhu ngezigaba - sekuyisikhathi sokuba sicabangele lokho ncamashi kukhona ngokuhambisana ukubukwa motor kanye igiya wakhe amafutha.

uwoyela ebusika

Izinhlobo semi zokwenziwa injini amafutha, okuyinto engcono kakhulu esetshenziswa ebusika, njengoba usuvele waqonda, okhonjiswe W. incwadi Lokhu kusho ukuthi ebusika uwoyela - futhi zonke zikhona amakilasi ayisithupha viscosity ngokuhambisana nalo ngezigaba. Luqala ngokunikela futhi aphethe ngokucela uwoyela 0W uwoyela 25W. Kusho ukuthini? The ephansi inombolo, esimelela phambi incwadi W, ephansi izinga lokushisa zingamelana lo mkhiqizo ebusika. Ngokwesibonelo, nesiqu 20W uwoyela ingasetshenziswa at okushisa ngezansi lokususa izinyathelo eziyishumi Celsius, kuyilapho wokugubha 5W uwoyela ingasetshenziswa ngisho noma kushisa phansi lokususa amahlanu. Izinhlobo zokwenziwa motor amafutha, amaminerali, has ncamashi mshini efanayo. Vele banake yokuthi izinguqulo amaminerali ube ebusika engcono wokugubha kukalutshwana kakhulu.

uwoyela ehlobo

Njengoba amafutha ehlobo kule ngezigaba, kukhona notation eyakhelwe ncamashi ku isimiso esifanayo - uma nje sibala akukho ncwadi W, okungase kube uphawu ukuthi uwoyela asifanele ukusetshenziswa ebusika. imikhiqizo Summer, kukhona amakilasi ezahlukene ezinhlanu, ukuqokwa oqala 20, futhi iphela 60. Njengoba kunjalo nge amafutha ebusika, kokuphawula inani ehlobo libonisa lokushisa imingcele, kuphela kulesi sikhathi ngenhla zero. Ephakeme inomboro, ayanda izinga lokushisa lapho uwoyela azigcina isakhiwo yayo viscous, futhi ngokufanelekile, indawo yezihlanganisi yayo izakhiwo. Kodwa akugcini lapho zonke izinhlobo motor amafutha izimoto kule ngezigaba. What uhlala ngaphandle ihlobo nobusika imikhiqizo? It kuvela kukhona ngaphansi ngezigaba njengoba uhlobo lwesithathu - zonke isizini. Kuyinto ngazo futhi Kuzoxoxwa.

uwoyela multigrade

Uma sikhuluma amafutha multigrade ku Sae ngezigaba, kufanele ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi lapha isiqu kuyinto kancane more xaka. Nokho, uma uyiqonda isimiso, ungaya ngokushesha kwama-class ehlukene. Ngakho, isibonelo elula i uwoyela ngezikhathi zonke zonyaka - a 10W-50. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Iqiniso lokuthi imikhiqizo isizini ukuhlanganisa ukusebenza kokubili ebusika kanye nasehlobo amafutha. Futhi, ngokufanele, bona ukuhlanganisa kahle kanye kophawu zabo - okusho ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala (ngaphambi ikhonco) kuyinto izici ebusika, kanti eyesibili (emva ikhonco) - ehlobo. Ngakho, izinga eliphakeme ngokuya viscosity amafutha kuyoba nguwe okuyiwona umehluko phakathi inombolo yokuqala neyesibili ka izimpawu yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi amafutha azigcina impahla yayo ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye high. Ngokwemvelo, kukhona amakilasi multigrade okuningi kuka ebusika noma ehlobo. Cishe zonke inhlanganisela lokuqala nelesibili ifomu elisha umkhiqizo ekilasini multigrade. Yilokho konke okudingayo ukuze ukwazi mayelana nendlela ihlukaniswe ngokuhambisana nalo ngezigaba motor amafutha. Izinhlobo, ngezigaba, ukuhlonza - zonke lezi zinkinga kubaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abashayeli, ngakho ke uma ufuna ukushayela imoto yakho ukusebenza ngempumelelo futhi isikhathi eside, kungase kudingeke uqonde ukuze ukhethe onjani uwoyela. Futhi lokhu udinga ukufunda olunye ngezigaba ezivamile.

ngezigaba-API

Uma ngezigaba odlule wagxila nje amafutha injini viscosity nasekusindisweni imisebenzi ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa, lokhu ligxile jikelele izakhiwo ukusebenza. Lapha kulapho uzothola izinhlobo motor amafutha ngoba diesel ngokwehlukile uphethiloli. Lisho ukuthini leli ukunciphisa? Njengoba kunjalo nge Sae, igama esifushanisiwe lenhlangano ukwethula lokhu ngezigaba. Kulokhu, API - kungcono "American Petroleum Institute". Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi owedlule wokugubha ephawula uwoyela aseYurophu, futhi lokhu - US. Nokho, empeleni ezahlukene kancane - kanye iqiniso lokuthi laba ngeengaba ezimbili ezithinta izici ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo, ngakho ngokuvamile basuke abekwe ngapha nangapha kwi isembozo. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuthi amafutha ngokwaleli ngezigaba zingase zifane, isibonelo, SA, i-CD noma CB / SE. Kodwa ziyini zonke lezi izincwadi?

Izimpawu

Ukubhekana nalezi izimpawu, kumele ngokushesha zibahlukanise zibe izingxenye ezimbili, okusho ukuthi izinhlamvu ezimbili. Uma ubheka eziningi amakilasi amafutha, uzophawula ukuthi uhlamvu lokuqala uhlale noma S, noma C. Kuhle elula - uma incwadi S kuqala, bese amafutha for uphethiloli injini, uma C - I-diesel. Yilokho, akukho izinkinga ekhethekile ngokuqonda futhi ukukhumbula lokhu akufanele kube. Kodwa lokho imele kutsi lena yincwadzi yesibili? Konke lapha futhi ulula - njengoba uhlamvu yesibili kungaba inombolo olukhudlwana of izinhlamvu, kodwa kuncike uhlelo olulodwa, kungakhathaliseki kubhekwe esebenzisa udizili noma uphethiloli injini. Le ncwadi A kubonisa amafutha akusebenzi kakhulu ukusebenza izici ezimbi kakhulu. Njengoba wena phambili e ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama okwandisa izakhiwo zokusebenza umkhiqizo. Manje ungacabanga ukwethula isithombe ngokuphelele - incwadi yokuqala unesibopho uhlobo injini, kanti eyesibili - ikhwalithi ukusebenza yamafutha.

Kuqala amakilasi uwoyela motor

Njengoba ungase kalula ukuqagela, amafutha lokuqala kakhulu kuyoba SA noma CA - ke bayoba ukusebenza ephansi, futhi ngeke ubheke namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukuze uqonde isithombe esigcwele, kubalulekile ukubheka diesel likaphethiloli izinjini ngokwehlukile. Ngakho, uma kuziwa Petrol izinjini, kwaba umlando amakilasi eziyishumi - kusukela eNingizimu Afrika SL. Kusukela namathathu banesifo esibi ukuba Eighties esetshenziswa eziyisihlanu kuzo - kuya SE, basuke kubhekwe akusebenzi namuhla. Eighties futhi nineties kwakungamadodana uwoyela SF, SG futhi SH, engatholwa nanamuhla - kodwa amakilasi langempela kwesokunxele ezimbili - SJ futhi SL. Is they ukusebenza izici eliphakeme. Kepha-diesel, indaba yayifana, kodwa okuthe ukuhluka kancane. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona izigaba ezintathu zamafutha, bese ufaka ezimbili, futhi kukhona amakilasi ezinhlanu nezokusigcoba namuhla - CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, kanye C1-4 engcono. Njengoba kuye kwashiwo ngaphambili, ngezinye izikhathi ungathola CD / SE namagama ezifana le - isho ukuthini? Kulula - kungcono uwoyela motor ukuthi kufanelekile kokubili kaphethiloli kanye udizili. Ngokwemvelo, lizinga izakhiwo tekusebenta uma lisetshenziswe izinjini ezahlukene kuyehluka, ngakho ngamunye wabo ukuqokwa ayo kutsi lena yincwadzi yesibili.