Kabusha Ulimi Karamzin. Ingqikithi yalo izinzuzo nezingozi ulimi Karamzin kabusha

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin wake okuphawulekayo emkhakheni wezemfundo, ikakhulukazi umlando yezilimi. Wayengumuntu mkhuba ikhanda sentimentalistkogo ezincwadini futhi wadala izitayela ezintsha ngolimi Russian. umsebenzi ayesezichachazela izinguquko ulimi Karamzin.

Ingqikithi kabusha ulimi

Wawusho UNikolai Mikhailovich nanifuna ukukufinyelela ngosizo kabusha yakhe? Ngaleso sikhathi, isiRashiya wayefana Church, futhi ezinye izici le-syntax wakwenza "sosondonzima". Injongo umlobi kwakungomunye ukususa iningi Latin futhi Slavic amagama, ukwengeza amagama isiFulentshi, okuyinto ayebhekwa ngolimi lwabantu ukukhanyiselwa futhi wafundiswa.

Izimiso kolimi Karamzin kabusha

umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko okwabonwa umbhali eyayizoba e yizicukuthwane umphakathi bhala efana inkulumo. Ukwakha "isilebhuli entsha," Karamzin wacasulwa izici ngokolimi Lomonosov. izinkondlo yakhe ngokuvamile yasetshenziswa amagama anzima futhi akusebenzi, abanye abalobi ukubeka usesimweni esinzima. Esinye sezimiso ngomsebenzi UNikolai Mikhailovich esasizoshintsha abalobi kuya olimini olukhulunywayo.

Ukuze lokhu kumele zisuswe zonke ulimi staroslavyanizmy. Noma kunjalo, yiphani ngokuphelele kubo up, futhi, kwakungenakwenzeka - kuyoba ukuphuca isiRashiya izimpande zawo, ukujula ikhubalo ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo staroslavyanizmy ayesele, wathi:

• izinkondlo luhlaza kokuba;
• isetshenziselwe izinjongo kwezobuciko;
• esetshenziswa kabusha enkathini ethize yomlando.

Esinye isimiso ilunga "entsha" kwaba lula isiphakamiso, okusho esikhundleni esindayo, eside, "Lomonosov" imiklamo ku isiphakamiso esenziwe lula. Kwanqunywa ukuba ususe zonke izinyunyana nge Old Slavic imvelaphi. Karamzin wazama ukusebenzisa ngangokunokwenzeka Izinyunyana isiRashiya, ikakhulukazi ubunjalo yekuchumanisa. Ingabe-ke ushintshe oda amagama emgqeni, okwakungathi kuye more ngokwemvelo kubantu.

Futhi isimiso wesithathu ulimi yezinguquko Karamzin BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo neologisms. UNikolai Mikhailovich wazama ukuba umane ufake igama angaphandle isiRashiya, kodwa futhi ngizama ukuzijwayeza ukuba izici of lolimi Russian. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-neologisms wahlala engahumushiwe, ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi ngoba zizwakala kangcono. Kodwa kamuva umlobi elibuyekeziwe umbono wakhe ngale wokuboleka bese baqala ukusebenzisa amazwi ngaphezulu imvelaphi Russian.

Ukusabela ukuze izinguquko Shishkov

Yiqiniso, izinguquko ezibalulekile ezifana ayikwazanga kubangele umphakathi mpikiswano. Kwakukhona labo akayithandanga izinguquko ulimi Karamzin. Ngakho, phakathi abaphikisi bakhe kwaba Shishkov - sikahulumeni eliqavile isikhathi. Wayengeyena philologist, ngakho-agumenti lakhe ibingamashumi uhlamvu ikakhulukazi yokushisekela izwe.

Wayekholelwa Karamazina freethinker, umthandi zonke izinto zakwamanye amazwe. Shishkin babekholelwa ukuthi emagama labolekiwe kuphela konakalisa isiRashiya, ukusonta essence yayo. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa igama elithi Slavic ukuthuthukisa imfundo yokushisekela izwe. Ngakho Wasikisela esikhundleni usumisiwe izinkulumo angaphandle Slavic. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "umlingisi" nge "umlingisi".

Izimiso wezinguquko ulimi Karamzin futhi Shishkov anesisekelo ezahlukene ukuze UNikolai Mikhailovich wayeqonda ukuthi ushintsho kuyadingeka isakhiwo ngokolimi kusukela iphuzu philological umbono, futhi Shishkov kwaholela nokushisekela izwe lakithi.

Izinzuzo nezingozi ulimi Karamzin kabusha

Ukusungula, njengoba sishilo, wathola ukuhlolwa okuxubile emphakathini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke izinguquko - luwumphumela yemvelo zezenzakalo ezingokomlando ukuthi abhekene Russia. Kwakuwusuku okuqinisekile we Ukukhanyiselwa, ngakho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba lula umbuso ulimi, ukuqeda amazwi zaphela. Lena yintuthuko enhle engokwemvelo ulimi, ngoba asikwazi ukuthuthukisa uma engaveli amagama nezinkulumo ezintsha obort.

Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiFulentshi isibe kakhulu. isingeniso akhe asebenzayo nomthelela yokuthi umehluko phakathi zokuxhumana abantu abavamile futhi abavelele emphakathini baba omkhulu. Futhi lokhu kabusha kungenziwa ngokuthi e elithile bazonda umphakathi nangokuthi ungakuvumeli ukuba kumiswa nokushisekela izwe lakithi. Kodwa-ke kwaba engokwemvelo ngokuphelele engu-absolutism ukukhanyiselwa.

Ngakho-ke, naphezu Izibuyekezo exubile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi UNikolai Mikhailovich Karamazin yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi etemibhalo isiko jikelele eRussia.