IbhizinisiCela uchwepheshe

Umlando ibhizinisi kanye nencazelo yayo

umlando Business namanje ne ezikhathini zasendulo. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, nakho okukhulu emasikweni zokwenza ibhizinisi, kanye nesiko nokuziphatha kwezamabhizinisi. Thina zichaza indlela abasebukhosini umlando abasafufusa ezweni ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, izibonelo kunazo yesiteleka okuphumelela futhi uqale ibhizinisi kusuka ekuqaleni.

Umqondo ibhizinisi

NgesiRashiya, igama elithi "ibhizinisi" kuyinto yinye ibhizinisi, ngesiNgisi leli gama lisho ukuthi "ibhizinisi". Ingqikithi zalesi simo itholakala inzuzo noma isiphi isigaba.

Ibhizinisi - kuba umsebenzi kwezomnotho ezihlobene ingozi, umthwalo kubo eqala usomabhizinisi. ngaleyo ndlela Businessman sinelungelo lokuzinqumela ngempilo yaso e izinqumo kanye enhlanganweni lebhizinisi. Ibhizinisi njengoba buyinto kwezomnotho, eziyizici lomthetho, zezimali kanye nempahla nokuziphendulela, inzuzo ehlelekile. Kuwo wonke umbuso has imithetho yayo siqu yokuphatha ukuqhutshwa osomabhizinisi, kodwa noma kunjalo, zinikeza ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho kanye nokukhokhwa kwezintela nezimali ku inzuzo.

amafomu ibhizinisi

Kusasele iminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu yomlando ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi athuthukile izinhlobo zako ezisemqoka. Ukuze ifomu ethandwa kakhulu futhi ngokomlando kakhulu lasendulo ukuhweba ukukhathazeka, yesibili ngefomu imvamisa - ukukhiqizwa, kanti eyesithathu - ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi.

Kuhlanganisa zinhlobo ezifana umshwalense, ezezimali, i-credit futhi show ibhizinisi. On the izici lwenhlangano zomthetho ukuhlukanisa lezi izinhlobo zebhizinisi njengoba wokubambisana, ubambiswano, elinganiselwe inkampani icala, ubambiswano lentengiso, inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe namabhizinisi umndeni.

Ukuvela kohwebo

umlando Business elisuka endulo. I osomabhizinisi uqala ukuvela lapho ngokweqile imikhiqizo kwaqala ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Khona-ke abantu abaningi asebenzayo waqala ukushintshashintsha imikhiqizo nezinye izinto zasendlini kanye ukudla. enana isikhathi eyathatha isikhathi eside, kodwa ikakhulu "osomabhizinisi" kwenzeka ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu womhlaba. Nge ibhizinisi imali izinqubo waqala ukuthatha sonkana laqala ukusetshenziswa ezezimali, wabenza umshwalense.

Webhizinisi Yezwe Lasendulo

It zabhala umlando ibhizinisi iqala laseMesophothamiya. Kube izinhlangano wabenza iqembu wadala okuyinto nge Izikweleti ukunikeza ezahlukene ukuhweba ezezimali ukuthengiselana.

EGrisi lasendulo, ukuhweba kwaba isimo ukulawula endaweni, nosomabhizinisi wahlanganyela ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ngokuyinhloko zezimali kanye credit. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo lebhizinisi senzeka eRoma yasendulo. Osomabhizinisi ukudala izinhlangano ezinkulu yasebhange, amabhizinisi akhiqiza izingubo, izikhali, izinto zasekhaya kanye ifenisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa zabasebenzi esiqashiwe. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwakungenxa mathupha. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakhiwa uhlelo lokuqala ezimali kanye intela yamabhizinisi, imizamo alawule nemisebenzi yabo.

Ibhizinisi Ephakathi

Ngemuva kokuwa umlando WaseRoma Business afaka esigabeni esisha yentuthuko. Kukhona yokwanda okusheshayo ukuhweba ngenxa ubudlelwane WaseByzantium phakathi ngasempumalanga nangasentshonalanga, ubudlelwano obusha phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu futhi emazweni asempumalanga.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-umkhiqizo, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani of izikebhe workshop. Bakha ikilasi abathengisi, abamunye inhlangano, lapho bexhuma inhlokodolobha ngokuba ukuthengwa kwezimpahla emazweni akude. Ngekhulu le-14 e-Italy yasungulwa uhlelo ezimali, kamuva elaba isimo kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa capitalism. Lwathi luphela Ephakathi ziqala ukuvela izinkampani ezinkulu ezingenziwanga kuphela wahlanganyela ukudayiswa kanye ezokuthutha kwezimpahla, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza ezihlukahlukene izimpahla, ukuqasha abasebenzi.

Ukuthuthuka kohwebo

Kusukela New Age engena inkathi entsha ekuthuthukiseni ibhizinisi. Inkathi enkulu okutholakele ezindawo kwaholela yokwanda omusha wenkonzo ebhizinisi. Kukhona enkampanini enkulu, okuyinto ukuhlomisa imikhumbi ukudayisa noma phesheya.

Ekhulwini le-16 Yezinguquko kwaholela ukuvela EsengamaProthestani, okuyinto kubhekwa i ubuhle obalulekile, ukukhuthala nengcebo kubhekwe njengophawu lokuthi isibusiso saphezulu. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ukuvela inqwaba osomabhizinisi lonke elaseYurophu, futhi ikakhulukazi enyakatho yayo.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-ekhulwini le-17 nele-18, uhlelo lokuqala usosayensi oyiNgisi Cantillon isebenzisa igama elithi "ibhizinisi". Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-18 uqala izinguquko kwezezimboni, kuba nokwenzeka ngokushesha ukukhiqiza eziphansi izimpahla eziningi ezinkulu.

Ngalesi igagasi, kukhona isigaba esisha osomabhizinisi, nabosomboni ababefuna inzuzo ukhulisa ukukhiqizwa. Lesi sigaba iba real "injini intuthuko", the osomabhizinisi kukhona initiators of ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ibheka izindlela ngcono amabhizinisi, ukuthuthukisa amasu amasha izinkampani ukuphathwa.

Phakathi nekhulu le-18, ekwandiseni kwenkululeko izinkampani okuhlangene isitokwe kanye yasebhange, lokhu kuholela ekutheni lelo bhizinisi isiqala ihlukaniswe ezengeziwe ezinkulu kanye nezincane, igebe elikhula ngokushesha phakathi kwazo. Phakathi nekhulu le-19, kwakhiwa ekilasini capitalists abatshala izinsiza ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza.

ibhizinisi lesimanje

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 iqala esigabeni samanje ibhizinisi, lapho kuba nokukhula ngokushesha ibhizinisi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isici kuba umlando ibhizinisi kusuka phansi kuyaphezulu, umfutho omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni kulomkhakha ukunika leli zwe libe indlela yokuphuma kokuntengantenga kwezimali kanye ukusabalala kwemibono American mayelana nempumelelo siqu ngayinye.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kukhona ensimini entsha womsebenzi - umphathi, owethulwa izindlela zesayensi of ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kanye ngenkuthalo bahlanganise eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma olusha kwezomnotho.

Phakathi nekhulu le-20, kukhona inguquko lwesithathu zezimboni, okuholela intuthuko emkhakheni ibhizinisi. A round esisha lebhizinisi elihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa commercial isikhala ebonakalayo. E-commerce isibe nesigcawu ukugcwaliseka imibono osomabhizinisi abancane. Basuke bakhangwa entsha, indingilizi exakile hhayi kuphela, kodwa kusho nethuba lokuthola ukuhlela ibhizinisi inzuzo nge ukutshalwa ongaphakeme kokuqala.

Isigaba samanje libhekene ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ibhizinisi ukuthi lihlotshaniswa ukubandakanywa zimali kanye ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ibhizinisi zobuchwepheshe izindawo zokukhiqiza.

Umlando ibhizinisi Russian: ukuvela izigaba

IRussia yayo emkhakheni kohwebo, ngendlela ekhethekile. Kwavela ubudlelwane yemali ezweni lakithi kuphela wangekhulu lesi-9, bese uqala ukwakha ungqimba wokuqala abathengisi zululeka umhlaba esimweni futhi ngokoqobo inzuzo kusukela umsebenzi wabo.

Ukwamukelwa zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni kancane behlisa ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, kodwa ukuphila asikwazi ukumiswa, futhi inqubo yokusetha ibhizinisi yezinqumo zabo siqu kancane yande. Russia kuba izwe kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi njalo liphenduke insimu ngoba osomabhizinisi wezolimo. Kuzo zonke, kwakukhona inqwaba SMME kanye nezimakethe ukuqaliswa nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla.

Njengoba ingxenye kwekhulu le-16 yesibili, izwe ongena inkathi nalomsebenzi ukubambisana namanye amazwe, kuba nethonya elizuzisa ukudalwa omndeni Artisanal amabhizinisi. Kancane kancane ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, kwamiswa iqembu wezingcweti abangongoti imikhiqizo yayo.

Ekhulwini le-17, isimo waqala basekelwe ukuze osomabhizinisi, ekhuthaza ibhizinisi isinyathelo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 ne ukuthuthukiswa kwe-kwemali uhlelo yasebhange iqala landa inani lezitolo zabantu ngasese. Wadala ngumthengisi zezentengiselwano, izikebhe ama cooperatives, izinhlangano ezehlukene kanye nomphakathi.

Ekhulwini le-19 umlando ibhizinisi iRussia yayina kakhulu, kukhona amabhizinisi ezinkulu kanye nezincane, bakha ikilasi ka nezimboni. Kunezindawo entsha zokukhiqiza, Russia sihamba isigaba kwezimboni. I ukuzinza komnotho wasiza ukuheha abantu ku-sphere ibhizinisi.

Kwashintsha lokho ngo-nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ukuqedwa yangasese kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi ibhizinisi baba akuzuzisi futhi ngisho emthethweni. Ububanzi ibhizinisi itsetfwe zikahulumeni. Kuphela emva ukulungiswa futhi ukubuya kuze dlela emakethe umnotho eRussia waphinda ithuba ukwenza ibhizinisi.

Iminyaka engu-30 izwe isidlulile izigaba ekuqongeleleni dolobha azimele, izimakethe nokusatshalaliswa imithombo. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 ezweni kancane ukuze uhambisane. Nakuba ingxenye ka izinkampani ezizimele aqala ukuncipha futhi phakathi ngeni yezimali. Namuhla e-Russia, ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi, izindawo e-commerce abasafufusa, ibhizinisi uqala ukudaleka emkhakheni emisha.

ibhizinisi elincane

isipiliyoni Umhlaba kubonisa ukuthi ukukhula nzile emnothweni kanye nentuthuko yayo ukuhlinzeka izinkampani ikakhulukazi ezincane kanye naphakathi. Umlando wanamuhla ibhizinisi elincane ebonisa ukuthi kuba izinkampani ezincane ezizimele injini yomnotho. Okuhlangenwe nakho Russian kwendalo amabhizinisi amancane uqale nge 90s kwekhulu lama-20, lapho abantu ngaphandle kwezinto eziningi dolobha ukudala yokukhiqiza ahlukahlukene kanye nokuhweba aqine.

Uhulumeni ukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene izindlela ukusekela amabhizinisi amancane ulindele ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2030 mayelana 60-70% sabantu eqashwe kulo mkhakha. Ngokuhamba wonke umlando omude wesizwe ibhizinisi bebelokhu izibonelo eziningi impumelelo enkulu futhi ukwehluleka. Ngakho, kusukela ekuqaleni kanye waqala ibhizinisi lakhe umnikazi we-ukuhweba inethiwekhi ngobukhulu Wal-Mart. Sem Uolton wakwazi beveza siqu siphumelele imodeli wabo ibhizinisi, eyagcina amenza izigidi inzuzo futhi wavula ibhizinisi elincane libe corporation ezinkulu.

zempumelelo

isipiliyoni World of izibonelo eziningi zezindlela abantu, sibonga acumen yayo iyasebenza futhi kuyasebenziseka, lidlule indlela kusuka amabhizinisi amancane ukuze amabhizinisi ezinkulu. Izindaba yempumelelo kwezamabhizinisi baningi.

indaba Umxhwele labangane abathathu - Sigla, Baldwin futhi Bowker - ababekwa munye othandweni labo kwekhofi futhi ngavula indawo encane, kamuva elaba iketango odumile ikhofi izindlu Starbucks Coffee. Classic zempumelelo izibonelo uHenry Ford noGeorge UParker wakwazi ukwakha ibhizinisi elikhulu emibonweni yabo kanye nomdlandla.

Ikhasi ahlukene emlandweni kwezamabhizinisi - lena ibonise ibhizinisi. Le ndawo sase sikhona kakade eGrisi lasendulo. Kodwa njengoba umkhakha okuhle sekuqalile ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Umlando show ibhizinisi iqala e-United States, kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni eziningi ifilimu kanye nokuqoshwa kwemisindo.

Lokhu boom kwezamabhizinisi emkhakheni zamehlo iqala kusukela isigamu 2nd kwekhulu lama-20, lapho-ke iqala ukuthatha ukuma ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso. Kukhona osomabhizinisi: osomabhizinisi, abakhiqizi, abaphathi abenza ibhizinisi labo imbuyiselo abalingisi, abaculi, ababhali. Namuhla show ibhizinisi - emakethe lapho kukhona inani elikhulu amabhizinisi amancane, aphakathi nendawo kanye enkulu.

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