UkuhambaIzinkomba

Umlando, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nohlobo Tatarstan

Republic, eyaziwa namuhla ngaphansi kwegama Tatarstan, linomlando othakazelisayo. Ubufakazi lokuqala ukuhlaliswa kwabantu ngalolu suku umhlaba emuva enkathini Paleolithic. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kwakunabamemezeli ezikhumbuzo kuqala ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu ezahlukene namasiko nemivubukulo.

History of the Republic of iTatarstan

With ukuthuthukiswa obuciko kwezinkathi ekushintsheni washintsha futhi imiphumela bokusebenza komuntu. Phakathi ushintsho kusukela Bronze kuya seSimbi sekukhona futhi ithuthukiswe ananyino isiko, abadali okuyinto esezinzile iVolga-Kame. Kunobufakazi bokuthi esikhathini kusukela VIII ukuze VII ekhulwini BC kule nsimu uvele izizwe Sarmatian futhi Gorodets isiko.

Umlando yaseTatarstan ebonisa ukuthi kwathatha inkathi entsha izikhumbuzo kwamasiko khona ngokuthi "pyanoborskaya". Basuke bagxila kule Lower Kama. Phakathi nekhulu III-IV kulomhlaba waqala ukungena Turkic futhi Ugric izizwe zakwa eSiberia, lapho kamuva wakwazi azixoshe lalolo hlanga kusukela loMfula Kama. Lokhu wafakaza ngu Turayevo ezindundumeni, ke uyisikhumbuzo somlando. Zathola angcwatshwe amaqhawe isikhali. Phakathi IV futhi VII eminyaka indawo eyinhloko republic yesimanje yaseTatarstan abantu Ukuhlala Imenkov isiko.

ukuthuthukiswa Tatarstan

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isiko nomnotho isimo zazinzima ehlukile, phezulu V - VIII eminyaka Kama uzizwa nethonya elinamandla emazweni asathuthuka gunii saseVolga naseWestern Turkic futhi Khazar Khanate.

Umlando yaseTatarstan ukhuluma ukuba khona iVolga Bulgaria esikhathini VIII - XIII eminyaka.

idatha Ibhalwe, walondoloza kulezo zikhathi, ayinawo Imininingwane kweqiniso futhi lanwetshwa ngalokhu isimo. Nokho, kucatshangwa ukuthi lapha wawuyingxenye Insimu Northern iVolga esifundeni: Zakamye, Predkame, esandulela. Ezinye izazi-mlando ziyavuma ukuthi emngceleni osenyakatho ka iVolga Bulgaria wadlula ibhange kwesokudla Kama nasentshonalanga - kanye Sviyagi. Emngceleni osempumalanga emfuleni zagudla Shischmu naseningizimu yayiseduze Samara Bend. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abanye abacwaningi abathi ngokwezinga sithambekele ohlukileko, okusikisela ukuthi Bulgaria imingcele babe ngobubanzi okuningi.

Isikhathi esilandelayo emlandweni yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan - ukwakheka Kazan Khanate. Umsunguli wawo iyona Kazan Khan - Ulu Muhammad. Ukuthunjwa Kazan e 1438 futhi wagudluza isikhulu Bulgarian, athi khona Khanate futhi osungulwe lwamakhosi yakhe. Umphumela waba umbuso waba owalandela wezomthetho Bulgaria. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngo-1552, Kazan lathunjwa Tsar Ivan IV, nezindawo yanqoba bajoyine State eMoscow. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo yaseTatarstan.

Kuze kube manje, inhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan ingenye izikhungo ezinkulu kwezamasiko, kwezombangazwe nesayensi yeRussia.

Olunothile republic Russia

Tatarstan Nature nomthelela yokuthi lesi sifunda uye okwakubikezelwe kwaqala futhi kwabhebhetheka ezokuvakasha. Kuleli qophelo, ke okuhlanganisiwe kwemifula emikhulu emibili i ngobukhulu - eVolga kanye Kama. Ukuba khona nje oluncane esipholile sezulu yezwekazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ski resort, abangenalo analogue ezweni lethu. Umhlobo yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan owuthanda ne ubuhle bayo. Panorama Ngenxa eMfuleni Kama, unikina, nobuhle engachazeki entabeni-emathafeni bewitches, ephoqa izivakashi buya lapha kaningi. Ngisho abomdabu ngeke siyeke bencoma ubunjalo izwe lazo lendabuko. Tatarstan akabashiyi ubani nandaba. Ngo sezulu ecacile libalele emkhathizwe kuhlobisa insimbi imibhoshongo yamakhambi obuKristu, kanye minaret amathempeli Muslim Elaburgi. embhedeni ekhazimulayo Phakathi kwesitaladi sawo nomfula eziningi amachibi, okuyinto ukunikeza gleam elikhanyayo, futhi edumile Grand Bohr akazange adele ukulinga ukujabulisa abalandeli landscape yemvelo kweqiniso.

resort wezempilo kazwelonke

Nature Tatarstan eyaziwa ngokuba ayelapha. Inhlanganisela asemaqeleni emoyeni, ekwelapheni microclimate ihlathi okuxubile, ayegcwele izinto zokwelapha - fitontsidami, nemithombo lamanzi esiphethu, konke kunengxenye ukululama ngokushesha zomzimba. Kule ndaba, has iimnyaka eemnengi sanatoria kanye zokungcebeleka impilo Tatarstan benza izenzo ezibonisa climatotherapy.

ezivikelwe

Umhlobo Tatarstan kuyinto Emerald abadumile Bohr enkulu, ngubani kuyo yonke imidwebo aziwa abaculi Russian Shishkin "Ekuseni endaweni ehlathini." Ngaphakathi republic kuba ehlathini ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ecebile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ezifana izingodo ezithakazelisayo njengoba Erhov encane, okusajingijolo, Rich, Big. Lezi izinto zemvelo azikakabi ehlaselwe umsebenzi womuntu asebenzayo. Lapha sibona ezinye zifihlwe imidondoshiya Bicentennial: ubuhle-fir, pine, Linden. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye boron itholakala umugqa nezimo amachibi ezincane, kabani ukujula amabanga kusuka nengxenye ngamamitha ayisikhombisa. amadamu ezinjalo yesithakazelo esikhulu isayensi. Endaweni yawo ikhule zezinyoni ezingavamile ezisohlwini Red Encwadi Tatarstan. Ngo amanzi emachibini amabhange wabo kungaba ukuhlangabezana nalezi abameleli emhlabeni isilwane njengoba muskrat, kakhulu, intulo, ukucula kanye Waterfowl, amaphiva kanye nezinyamazane. Futhi lokho kumane nje kuyingxenye encane zezintaka izidalwa eziphilayo, okuyinto ecebile ngokwemvelo Tatarstan. Photo yobuhle bakhe wakhipha acacile ngokungavamile esimnandi.

Ukuze alondoloze ifa engokwemvelo yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan, iziphathimandla eyasungulwa ngo-1960, i-iVolga-Kama Reserve. Itholakala ku West Predkamja, faka lapha Raifa futhi Saralovsky izindawo. Le ndawo Imininingwane kuyinto amahektha angaphezu kuka yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili namakhulu, okuningi kwakho okubangelwa imbozwe amahlathi.

endaweni yemvelo Scenic

Raif isehlane umhlaba, elise Zelenodolsk wesifunda amakhilomitha amabili nanhlanu kuphela kusukela dolobha ye-republic - Kazan. Ikakhulu ubuswa sezwe flat, kodwa kunokungqubuzana okukhulu e emachibini ezisukela amahlanu eziyikhulu namashumi amane namamitha. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kuyinto Raifa echibini futhi Arboretum, lapho izitshalo zikhule kusukela cishe wonke amazwekazi planethi. Lihlala zinhlobo amahlanu nanhlanu, cishe angamakhulu amabili zezinyoni futhi ezingaphezu kuka amathathu izinhlobo abakhileyo kwamanzi. Emkhakheni emanzini angajulile angasogwini zitholakala kuyinto ngezizathu zidala enothe.

kwemithombo yemvelo

Resources, okuyinto ecebile ngokwemvelo Tatarstan republic ayesezibhebheni endaweni yesibili phakathi izikhonzi umkhiqizo kawoyela Russian. ibhalansi State igcina amarekhodi amasheya Amasimu izingalo eziyikhulu namashumi amane nanhlanu, okuyinto kulinganiselwa ngaso amathani 1,734 bhiliyoni. Kulinganiselwa wokulungiselela, kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela ezingaba kwemithombo yemvelo kulinganiselwa ngaso amathani 2.7 bhiliyoni. Inani imithombo yendalo, ehlanganisa izindawo ezimbili namashumi amahlanu, emelelwa nesishiyagalombili izinhlobo izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kufaka Montan, isakhiwo kanye agromineralny zilwane. eyigugu kakhulu kukhona bentonite, ubumba zandiswa isihlabathi ingxube. Zinikeza ingxenye enkulu izidingo republic kanye nasezweni lonke.

ubunjalo ezikhumbuzo

Republic kuyinto izinqolobane amaminerali hhayi kuphela ocebile. isithakazelo esikhulu Uyinhloboni kanye izikhumbuzo of iTatarstan. Ziyakwazi usizo ngokukhethekile. Kule ndaba, omunye imigomo ebaluleke kakhulu iziphathimandla lesifunda - ukulondoloza republic begazi futhi landscape ukwehluka, izici Geological eliyingqayizivele futhi kwendawo zezinyoni ezingavamile ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi nalabo abamele ezisohlwini Red Book futhi isengozini yokuqothulwa.

ezikhumbuzo Zemvelo yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan zibandakanya walondoloza eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo "Kyrykmas emfuleni kwemfunda." Ukucwaninga kososayensi olwenziwa kule ndawo, imiphumela yabonisa: amanzi kulo mfula zitholakala amabili nesikhombisa kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Lezi zihlanganisa umfudlana trout, minnow abavamile, Grayling European, bullhead abavamile. Bonke ahlelwe Red Book of the Republic of iTatarstan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu loMfula Kyrykmaks emfuleni armhole ukubonwa zinhlobo ayisikhombisa nanhlanu yezinyoni, nesikhombisa zazo - ". Red Book" the Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama Harrier ensimini, edlelweni harrier, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed abanye. Ensimini ka lesikhumbuzo nekhaya enjalo zezinyoni ezingavamile yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene njengoba anguis ziyaqothuka, nebululu, umlilo-bellied Toads krasnobryuhaya.

Nature Tatarstan ocebile futhi kanjalo ukulondoloza njengoba Krasnoborsky kwesigaba umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. ivela khona libhekisela glacial isikhathi Dneprovskoe okuqinisekile glacial. isimo Special wezomthetho endaweni evikelwe ivumela ukugcina Insimu lesikhumbuzo zemvelo izici esiyingqayizivele Geological ukuthi zinenzuzo kwemvelo nesayensi.

Imikhawulo ngaphakathi izinqolobane nemvelo

Ngaphakathi kwemingcele kwesigaba Geological Krasnoborsky futhi "kwimfunda Kyrykmas" enqabelo ayakuma. Awukwazi kumisebenzi ibhizinisi abanekhono nomthelela omubi ezikhumbuzo bemvelo nabakhileyo kuwo. Kufakiwe ekuvinjelweni ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi survey ukuhlola e Krasnoborsky kwesigaba Geological, ukuthuthukiswa imali amaminerali ngaphakathi kuwo. Nemingcele lesikhumbuzo yemvelo "kwimfunda Kyrykmas emfuleni" kungenzeka noma iyiphi inhlangano emanzini futhi imoto angeke bagunyazwe zilima izwe, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana nengqalasizinda. Futhi, kukhona kuvinjelwe isitoreji amakhemikhali anobuthi futhi afeze noma iyiphi imisebenzi engase ibe nomthelela ekubeni ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo.

Ubani ophethe ifa yemvelo?

izikhumbuzo Natural yaseTatarstan amazwe ukuthi babe umhlaba wokulima. Ziyakwazi kahulumeni kanye zitholakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: Krasnoborsk, Staroslyakovskoe, Devyaterninskoe izindawo zasemaphandleni Agryz wesifunda kamasipala.

Ukuze alondoloze lwalezi nhlelo zemvelo kunamaseli avikelwe izindawo (iziqiwi). Ngokwe cadastre isimo, inani lawo kuyinto 163.

Ngakho, i-republic yaseTatarstan linomlando othakazelisayo. Ngenxa kunenzuzo ezindawo indawo futhi eyingqayizivele amasayithi zemvelo, endaweni ngaso sonke isikhathi kuba yinzuzo kubantu abaningi. Okwamanje kukhona ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo yaseTatarstan. Minyaka yonke inflow zezivakashi abafisa bajwayelane nemvelo reserves kanye izikhumbuzo zaleli zwe elihle futhi emangalisayo.

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