Umnyaka wekuvuma.

Umnyaka wekuvuma - yobudala evumelekile lapho umuntu uthathwa abanekhono uvumela ngocansi nomunye umuntu. It is a term komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa, kodwa kuyaqabukela lisetshenziswe amadokhumenti omthetho mayelana izenzo zocansi. Akumele kudidaniswe ubudala, engu-umthwalo obugebengu, yobudala, kusukela lapho ukuphuza, njll

Umnyaka lapho abantu angaya ocansini emazweni ahlukahlukene ingase ibe khona ehlukile. Ukuthwaleka kanye nokuziphendulela Mthetho maqondana nalokho kuhluke. Ngokuvamile, setha isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala yokuvuma ngokocansi - esukela kwengu-14 kuya kwezingu-18. Siphinde cabangela izinhlobo kumsebenzi wocansi umuntu ungaphansi kweminyaka yobudala, ezifana kuqeda ukwethembana inhlangano. Isihloko esinda elihlobene ne udlame locansi. Ngezinye izikhathi izaphulelo zenziwa ngekuya yobudala abantu abavukwa ubuhlobo bobulili nomunye (uma yobudala efanayo). Ngokuvamile, yebo, kunezindlela eziningi "amabala amhlophe" kule ndawo komthetho. Le yunithi lomthetho eshubile emhlabeni wonke. kusuka Ephakathi kuze kube namuhla, ngisho kukhona izingxabano phakathi imithetho yombuso kanye lendawo.

Yikuphi ejwayelekile - cishe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba umnyaka wekuvuma ngokobulili wahlala wemfanelo umndeni noma kwabalelwa ngokuhambisana namasiko kazwelonke. Ezimweni eziningi, kuba kwaqondana ukuvela izimpawu ukuthomba (ukuya esikhathini emantombazaneni, ukubukeka izinwele pubic kubafana). ERoma lasendulo, kwanqunywa amantombazane ashade ngokushesha ngemva kokuthomba. Ngo Hesiod e "Imisebenzi kanye Izinsuku" kuthiwa indoda mfazi ngesikhathi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ubudala. Le ntombazane ke ethatha umfazi, kufanele kube amadala kunalokho ubudala iminyaka emihlanu njengoba efika nokuthomba.

yobudala Okokuqala ezisemthethweni kwemvume usumisiwe 1275 eNgilandi njengengxenye ngomthetho ongokudlwengula. Ekhulwini le-12, Gratian, umsunguli kohlu lwezincwadi umthetho e ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu, e-"Isinqumo Gratian" kuchazwa yobudala umshado phakathi iminyaka 12-14, esekelwe nokuthomba. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, emithethweni babé ngokuvamile kakhulu. Noma yimuphi ngokocansi ku intombazane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 kungaba nomphumela omubi ezinzima, ezincane isijeziso elindelwe ubuso ngoba ucansi nentombazane zeminyaka 10-11.

Eduzane ngekhulu le-18 kwaba noshintsho elihlobene ne obhekwe umqondo Ukukhanyiselwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, lapho abantu bagxile ekuthuthukiseni izingane zabo. KaNapoleon Ikhodi ngo-1791 sabeka isisekelo esingokomthetho ngalolu daba ngokubeka engu emshadweni engu-11. Kodwa ngo-1863, umnyaka wekuvuma ngokocansi (ngoba amantombazane nabafana) singezelelwe iminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Afana no-Fulansi, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu ekhulwini le-19 buye ukhuphukisiwe iminyaka engu-13. ENgilandi, alale nomuntu nentombazane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-13 kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso bulwane.

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, emazweni amaningi ubuhlobo bezocansi nomuntu kungazange kufinyelele uneminyaka efanele kufanele kubhekwe ubugebengu. Nokho, umbuzo wokuthi leli qiniso kufika umnyaka wekuvuma (Russia waqina eminyakeni 16), izindawo ezahlukene emazweni ahlukene.