UMongameli Brazilian: isithombe, biography. Umengameli wokuqala Brazil

Umongameli wamanje Brazil wama-36 ilandelana kusukela ekusungulweni republic kamongameli kanye nokwethulwa okuthunyelwe ngo-1891.

Ukuvela umbuso

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuze 1889 Brazil kwaba umbuso. Kwamakhosi ezingavela kuleli koloni Portuguese? Okokuqala Joao VI e 1806 ngokusemthethweni ayewenze ikomkhulu komuzi laseNingizimu Melika, eRio de Janeiro. Weqa, ngakho uNapoleon, umbukwane Kwelinye izwe eYurophu ngemva kwenye. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, Brazil wayesalokhu koloni, futhi kuphela ngengozi wagijima muzi. Ngo 1821, inkosi wabuyela Portugal nendodana yakhe Pedro ngalishiya viceroy Brazil.

Ukuphela yokubusa kwamakhosi kanye umongameli wokuqala

In the ukungabikho iNkosi ePortugal kwaqina absolutists ukuphikiswa, ngubani yafuna ukuqedwa yokubusa kwamakhosi bebonke. Ukuze alondoloze amandla Pedro ngamemeza Brazil umbuso ozimele, obabukhona ngaphambi kokudalwa uMongameli WeRiphabhulikhi Brazil.

Dedoru Manuel da Fonseca - umongameli wokuqala we-Brazil. Njengoba bevela emkhayeni ukhomba ngophakathi lempi Deodoro da Fonseca ngo-1886 eholwa esifundazweni Rio Grande do Sul futhi waba umholi we abolitionist (ratuyuschego nokuqeda ubugqila) ukunyakaza. Ngo-1889, wayephila umbuso wezempi, futhi amakhosi ohlanga wawa Deodoro da Fonseca waba inhloko uhulumeni wesikhashana. Februwari 26, 1891 lapho ezamenyezelwa inhloko ye-republic. Kodwa umongameli wokuqala we-Brazil akazange abe ukuthuthukiswa Uhlelo yezwe futhi ayikwazanga nokulondoloza amandla. Ngo efanayo 1891, 23 Novemba, kusho iCongress ukuba impeach kuye. Ngo-August wonyaka olandelayo Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca wafa.

Izigaba ukwakhiwa weRiphabhulikhi

Phakathi ekuthuthukeni kwale ngobukhulu ezweni eNingizimu Melika ngemva kokugumbuqelwa ohlanga ihlukaniswe 5 nezikhathi. Eyokuqala wabo Old Republic. Engakabi yayo iqala ngo-1889 futhi uphela ngo-1930 Lokhu kuhlola kulandelwa Vargas Era - 1930-1945 neminyaka Republic Okwesibili - 1946-1964 GG. Ubushiqela wezempi ukuthi waqala ngo-1964, iphela ngo-1985. Okwamanje, noma New Republic, esikhundleni ubushiqela wezempi ngo-1985 futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje.

izikhathi ezintsha

umphakathi yeningi nkathi iqale ngemuva kokuphela zokugcina umongameli lempi. Umengameli wokuqala ezisetshenziswa umphakathi yeBrazil Tancredo Nevis (1910-1985) wakhethwa ngo-Electoral Commission, kodwa washona ngaphambi kokuba athathe ngisho isifungo.

umongameli yeBhodi elilandelayo Zhoze Nevisa kuphawulwe ukuthi kakhulu ekuqaleni kwalo wavunyelwa ngokomthetho imidlalo eziyishumi (ngisho lamaKhomanisi), futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, iye yasungula futhi bamukela 5 Okthoba 1988 uMthethosisekelo omusha wentando yeningi kuleli lizwe, okuyinto ethatha manje . Ngokusho kwakhe, uMongameli yeBrazil kwaqala bakhethwe ngevoti jikelele ethandwa. Ngo-1997 umthethosisekelo satjhugululwa yokuvumela umongameli eyisibopho ukusebenzisa ukuba athathe ihlandla lesibili.

Beautiful futhi enamandla

Umongameli penultimate Brazil (photo enamathiselwe), Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva kwaba ngamandla kusuka 2003 kuya 2011.

Ukusuka ku-1 Januwari 2011 izwe babenezinkinga ubuhle noDilma Vana Rousseff (Rousseff). Biography of the abesifazane bhá Ziyathakazelisa.

Ngo-2005, yena wahola da Silva abaphathi, ekubeni owesifazane wokuqala ngqa ukubamba lokhu okuthunyelwe. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2003 kuya 2005. wayewukuphela woMnyango wezaMandla. Wawuyingxenye nzima kakhulu emnothweni kusukela ekupheleni lesibili elithi laMengameli Fernando Enrike Kardozu (1995-2003), amandla Inkinga wezwe Kuvezwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eningizimu.

Ngo-January 1, 2011, uNkosazana Rousseff - UMengameli Brazil. Owesifazane kokuthunyelwe, wakhethwa okokuqala. Ngo 2011-2012 GG. ngokuvumelana Kumagazini i-Forbes noDilma Rousseff ubelokhu eqashelwa njengoba lesithathu ezinethonya kunazo phakathi ubulili bubuhle emhlabeni.

Isigamu owesifazane European

Umongameli wamanje Brazil (izithombe kungabonakala lesi sihloko) wazalwa ngo-1947, umndeni wakwa Bulgarian lababaleki zezombusazwe. Uyilungu elisebenzayo iCommunist Party of Bulgaria, uPetru Rusev waphoqeleka ngo-1929 ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe. E-Fulansi, waguqula igama lakhe laba Rousseff.

Ngemuva kokuvakashela futhi Argentina, noDilma ubaba kuze kube phakade bazinza eBrazil, lapho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, washada nentombi wendawo UJanet noDilma Coimbra Silva. Emndenini umengameli samanje Brazil wakhula izingane ezintathu. Ngakho, noDilma ine nomfowethu omdala udade othile osemusha, Igor Jean Lucia. Zonke izingane wathola kokuqala imfundo enhle classical, owawuhlanganisa umculo izifundo (upiyano) kanye Ukufunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe.

izakhi zofuzo zoyise

Yena noDilma Vana, owathweswa iziqu ngo-1977, i-Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul ngezinga e "ezomnotho", ngokuqephuza kodwa bomdabu isiPutukezi, isiFulentshi, isiNgisi neSpanishi. Umongameli wamanje eBrazil, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako kusukela esemncane kwakuhambisana nezinga imisebenzi wamavukelambuso, eyingoduso kwezombusazwe ngemuva Icebo lika ezempi ngo-1964. Ngenxa yalokho akhethwe ngokusemthethweni 24 th yakhe ilandelana umongameli wezwe Juan Gelard wagudluzwa babaleka phesheya.

Esemusha, noDilma Rousseff wayeyilungu leqembu lenkhulu Socialist Party, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i-National Liberation Command. Injongo yalo kwaba umzabalazo wetikhali kumelana ubushiqela wezempi. iqhaza wentombazane ezingxabanweni bengalamukeli, kodwa namanje iminyaka emibili kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-1972. Wabamba ejele.

inqubomgomo zomthetho

Ngaleyo minyaka esabekayo emazweni amaningi-Latin American yayikade ibuswa olunegazi bomashiqela lempi. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka futhi engeze ukucabanga ukuthi owesifazane ebukekayo futhi enhle anjalo esikhathini emigodini ye bahlukunyezwa futhi washaywa. Esejele, uNkosazana Rousseff wagula. Esikhathini esizayo, lolu hlelo ungowesifazane onesibindi eyingoduso kuphela nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe esisemthethweni. Shiya isikhathi eside noDilma Rousseff kwaba Democratic Labour Party. Kodwa kusukela ngo-1990, wathuthela Party Workers ', okuyinto eye yasebenzelana eduze Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

Futhi ngo-2010, kube uqokelwe likaMengameli we lizwe. Isekela ngokugcwele ke inhloko yezwe. Ngo emzuliswaneni wokuqala wokhetho, oba ngo-October 3, 2010, yena, cishe 47% wamavoti, wahamba Zhoze Serra, ummeleli we-Social Democratic Party. Ukuthayipha lesibili round 56% amavoti, noDilma Rousseff waba owesifazane umongameli wokuqala we-amazwe amaningi eNingizimu Melika.

Ubuntu egqamile kanye owesifazane eqinile

Igama uMongameli Brazil, yaziwa abaningi ezweni lethu. Phela, leli zwe nge Russia iyingxenye ye-BRICS, okuyinto inkulumo kakhulu abezindaba.

Ngokuphathelene ubumfihlo, into noDilma Rousseff useke washada kabili. Indodakazi kuphela kukamongameli Brazil, owazalelwa e-emshadweni wesibili, ubesanda umzukulu wakhe.

Ngo-2009, owesifazane eqinile wakwazi ukunqoba isifo esibi - umdlavuza-lymph. Le ndaba, kanye nehlazo ne amafoni wiretapping US yayo NSA, uyakhumbula konke. Umongameli wamanje eBrazil, noDilma Rousseff has imiklomelo ezimbili zamaphoyisa angaphandle - eSpain Bulgaria.