UNdunankulu Israeli: uhlu. Eyokuqala Undunankulu wase-Israyeli

Israyeli iyizwe ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, Nokho, okuyinto, has a ocebile kunalokho zomlando wezombangazwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule lizwe lesihlelekile inhloko yezwe iyona umongameli, imisebenzi eliphezulu kakhulu elawula izwe sinikezwe Undunankulu wase-Israyeli. He is inhloko kahulumeni kanye, ezimweni eziningi, ukumela isimo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele. Ake ufunde umlando ngaphezulu amandla Prime Zikhonzi ezweni elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Uhlu ondunankulu ka-Israyeli

Ngakho nje ngubani Undunankulu wase-Israyeli? Bhala ziwuhlelo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• UBheni-Gurion (izikhathi 2).
• Moshe Charette (1 isikhathi).
• Levi Eshkol (1 isikhathi).
• Yigal Alon (1 isikhathi).
• Golda Meir (1 isikhathi).
• Itshak Rabin (izikhathi 2).
• Menachem Qala (1 isikhathi).
• Yitzhak eShamiri (izikhathi 2).
• Shimon Peres (izikhathi 2).
• BakwaBenjamini Netanyahu (izikhathi 2).
• Ehudi uBharaki (1 isikhathi).
• Ariel Sharon (1 isikhathi).
• Ehudi Olmert (1 isikhathi).

Ngamunye wabo kuye kwafeza indima mlando empilweni ka-Israyeli, njengoba sizoxoxa ngezansi.

ekubeni isimo

Eyokuqala Undunankulu wase-Israyeli, wamiswa njengelungu Israeli Knesset (iphalamende) ngo-1948. Kwakumelwe David Ben-Gurion. Le ndoda imi ekuqaleni isimo yesimanje Israeli.

Mhlawumbe akekho oye wabasiza kakhulu ukuvuselelwa nombuso wamaJuda, njengoba Ben-Gurion, ngoba bema ngasekhanda zomhlaba ukunyakaza Zionist futhi Mapai. Ngakho-ke, ngokwemvelo ngokwanele, ukuthi undunankulu yanikwa.

Premiership uBheni-Gurion yajikijela minyaka enzima kunayo yonke ekuphileni kuka-Israyeli, okuyinto hhayi kuphela kudingekile ukwakha izikhungo zikahulumeni, kodwa futhi zibonisa ubudlova Arab ukuthi ufuna ukuqeda ngokuphelele wekuba sive ka-Israyeli. Futhi, mangisho, umsebenzi Israyeli UNdunankulu babhekana lolungenamaphutsa.

Kodwa-ke, ikhambi isimo ebalulekile izindaba enjalo endaweni enobudlova kwadinga umzamo omkhulu lokhu namandla. Yayingeke kodwa kuthinte shestidesyatisemiletnego inhlalakahle David Ben-Gurion, futhi ngo-1953 wesula. Esikhundleni sakhe kule post undunankulu Moshe Sharett baba. Kodwa ngibona ukuthi ubuholi obusha yezwe abakwazi ukubhekana nazo zonke izinkinga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ngonyaka olandelayo, uBheni-Gurion waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ezombusazwe, ukuthatha esihlalweni uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela.

Ngo-1955 yena waba ayakhethwa ukuba Knesset, uNdunankulu, futhi ngo-1959 waba ayakhethwa futhi. Uye labetibambile iHhovisi likaMengameli kuze 1963. Umhlalaphansi, waphoqwa ukuba bathumele izingxabano zezombangazwe abalandeli bakhe.

Wathweswa iziqu ukuphila kaBheni-Gurion, ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, i-okwesula nezindaba zomphakathi.

Levi Eshkol

Ukulandela ukwesula kaDavide uBheni-Gurion, undunankulu wakhethwa ngo-Knesset, omunye omele abavelele balo Mapai - Levi Eshkol. Kulesi sikhundla sayo wathatha ngo-1963, futhi ngo-1966 waba ayakhethwa ukuba athathe ihlandla lesibili. Uma ihlanganiswe ne Mapai party Ahud party. A amandla amasha, eliholwa Eshkol, wabizwa Ukuhambisana. Levi Eshkol wafa ngo-1969, umsebenzi wawo njengoba undunankulu.

Ngemva kokufa futhi Eshkol. obakhathalelayo. UNdunankulu baba Malaga Alon. Lezi imisebenzi zabekwa phezu kwawo amasonto ambalwa, kuze kufike amakhetho ka ungqongqoshe omusha Knesset sika eyinhloko.

Owesifazane ekuqaleni kwazo isimo

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1969 wakhethwa njengoba ungqongqoshe elilandelayo njengondunankulu Israyeli. Lona wesifazane wayengakaze matasa okuthunyelwe. Kodwa Golda Meir waba kuphela omele kuqala futhi kuze kube manje wobulili bubuhle, nokwamukela umthwalo Israeli ukulawula isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe owesifazane wokuqala emhlabeni, kanye kuka-Indira Gandhi, okuyinto won ehhovisi eliphakeme ngo nafa, kanye ukhetho. Ngemva lwazo kwamila lonke Umthala osopolitiki besifazane, ababa ngabaholi lamazwe abo: uMargaret Thatcher, Benazir Bhutto, Angela Merkel ...

Naphezu okuqondene ubulili kakhudlwana, entsha Undunankulu wase-Israyeli, wabonisa rigidity edingekayo ekulweni umfelandawonye Arab States, esangenza sizivikela futhi uzibuse isimo. Nokho, ukulahlekelwa elikhulu amasosha Israeli empini kwaholela ekulahlekelweni ukuthandwa Golda Meir, futhi naphezu omunye ukunqoba Moarh party, limelela ukhetho, owesifazane Prime waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe.

Ushintsho zamabutho ezombusazwe

Ngakho, ngo-1974, yena waba undunankulu Israyeli Itshak Rabin. Nokho, kakade 1977 ngenxa kungamanyala zezimali ezihilela igama lomkakhe, futhi zingqubuzana uNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela Shimon Peres, Rabin waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe. Kodwa kule sisengabangane esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile emuva, lapho sikhuluma sikaNdunankulu yakhe yesibili.

Isizathu sokwesula kwakhe kukaYitzhak Rabin laliyisenzakalo mlando ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe ka-Israyeli, njengoba undunankulu esilandelayo, Knesset wakhetha engameli iqembu Moarh (Mapai), njengoba wake kwaba ngaphambi, futhi ngokhethiwe we Likud - Menachem Qala. Ngo-1983, ngesikhathi ngusihlalo uNdunankulu sika salandelwa inhlangano eyodwa Itshak eShamiri.

Khona-ke, ngo-1984, leli qembu wakwazi ukubuyela kafushane Moarh mkhulu ubuso UNdunankulu Shimon peres. Kepha leliya lizwe iminyaka emibili kuphela, njengoba ngo-1986, ummeleli Likud sika Yitzhak eShamiri wakwazi ukuphinde alungise ngesikhundla sikaNdunankulu.

Ukubuya kukaYitzhak Rabin

Ngemva nesimo eside ne izakhamuzi asePalestina Israyeli babé izihlubuki ukufuna ukuthula, ngakho ngo-1992 okhethweni ukuze Knesset hhayi wahlulwa Likud party, sinamathele izikhundla eligxilile ezifundeni ezinabantu nesiphetho empini ikhuthaza inhlangano WezabaSebenzi, ngesikhathi i-spin-off Mapai.

Inhloko neziphathimandla zikahulumeni kwaba yangaphambili uNdunankulu Israeli kukaYitzhak Rabin. sikaNdunankulu okusha likaRabin ezinsukwini zokuqala okukhulunywa izinga ukubamba izingxoxo zokuthula nalezi zinhlangano asePalestina. Lezi zingxoxo ezaholela ekumiseni kwe-ukusayina lolungenamaphutsa ku Oslo isivumelwano umholi PLO Yasser Arafat ngo-1993. Lezi zivumelwano ukuhlinzekela ukusungulwa kwe-Palestina Authority.

Kodwa isikhundla nokuthula kukaYitzhak Rabin sasekelwa akuwona neze Israyeli. izakhamuzi Ngokushesha-nomqondo wajabula ngayo ngokuthi wayengazange eyabeka izithakazelo zakwa-Israyeli. Omunye nabameli babo ngo-1995 emhlanganweni wazama ukubulala kukaYitzhak Rabin. Amanxeba abangelwa ngumuntu ngokweqile izibhamu, waba ebulalayo.

isikhonzi Landelayo prime

Ngakusasa Israeli uNdunankulu, Shimon Peres, owathola aphethwe ngaphambilini ngesikhundla sikaNdunankulu, leliya lizwe ngonyaka esingaphansi. Ngo-1996, ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-Israyeli, ukhetho UNdunankulu aphethwe ngokuqondile abantu, kunokuba ngokusebenzisa Knesset. Owinile kwaba omele Likud party, Benjamin Netanyahu. Wachitha Inqubomgomo qina okwengeziwe maqondana Palestinians okwabahlula ababengaphambi kwakhe. Nokho, ngo-1999, Likud wahlupheka fiasco ephelele okhethweni, futhi uNdunankulu Israeli Benjamin Netanyahu basula.

Nondunankulu omusha ka-Israyeli, wakhethwa Ehudi uBharaki of Labor Party.

I entsha yeminyaka

Nokho, kakade 2001 Likud ngasibuyisela izikhundla zabo. Undunankulu Ariel Sharon waqala, lapho ubuhlobo basePalestine waphinda sawohloka. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Intifada Arab Kwagqashuka - elwa Palestinians kanye Israyeli.

Ngo-2005 kwaba khona uqhekeko kuleli Likud. UNdunankulu Israeli Sharon waphuma Abasekeli ubulungu bayo futhi ihlelwe iqembu Kadima. Kodwa ngawo lowo nyaka ekuqaleni kwazo uhulumeni waba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Waze washaywa unhlangothi. Ngo-2006, uSharon, equlekile, kwathiwa ehlatshwa futhi wasuswa kusuka amandla. Kwakuwusuku icala lokuqala ezinjalo bokuhlukaniswa somphakathi e-Israel. Ariel USharon washona ngo-2014, akukaze baphuma ikhoma.

Ngakusasa undunankulu Israyeli kusukela Kadima, Ehudi Olmert, leliya lizwe kuze 2009, uma iposi salandelwa umelele amandla ukuncintisana zezombusazwe Likud, Benjamin Netanyahu, kwake isikhundla. Indoda iyinhloko eKhabhinethi ezweni kuze kube manje.

Unjalo-ke umlando emfushane ushintsho Prime Zikhonzi uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli.