Umqambi Saleri Antonio: Biography, lokusungula. Antonio Salieri futhi Mozart

Igama Antonio Salieri kakhulu ezihlobene ne-Mozart nokufa kwakhe. Kodwa lo muntu wayengumJuda umculi omkhulu, owabhala ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 opera futhi zakhululwa ukuphila inqwaba abafundi. Njengoba savela njengoba ukuphila umqambi sika?

ebuntwaneni

Mayelana neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe Salieri wabhala yena, kokushiya yezincwadi enkantolo idayari wesandla. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Agasti 18, 1750 edolobhaneni elincane eduze Verona Legnago baby boy - Antonio Salieri. Umlando wakhe awuzange ekuqaleni Kulindeleke izindlela zomculo. Umndeni wakhe wadumazeka wahlanganyela ukuhweba, kodwa izingane banikwa imfundo, nomfowethu omdala, u-Antonio, owayefundelwa umculo, wafundisa izifundo lokuqala umqambi esizayo. Nokho, idyll umndeni akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Lapho umfana engu-13 ubudala, unina eshona. Ngemva kwalokho wasuka yimali futhi uyise eshona, futhi izingane bathathwa izihlobo. Esikhathini esithile Salieri wahlala lomkhaya ocebile e Venice nabangani kayise. Babehlose amnike imfundo sina zomculo, njengoba kubonakala kuye amandla olungenamkhawulo.

Ngephutha ku ibhizinisi Venice ngalesi sikhathi kwafika Florian Gassmann, inkantolo umqambi, umbhidisi uMbusi UJoseph II. Wabona Salieri nokuthambekela okukhulu zomculo walithatha naye Vienna ukuba amnike imfundo efanele.

Ukuqala impilo entsha e-Austria

Juni 15, 1766, u-Antonio efika eVienna, elaba ikhaya lwangempela ngaye. Phela, lapha wasifinyelela udumo, baba ngubani kuyiphupho lami ukuba. Gassman wathatha ngentshiseko kuze ibandulo labaSebenzi umfundi, wammema ukuba othisha izifundo e counterpoint wazinikela. Salieri bafunda ulimi ezine, wafunda ukufunda umculo, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo ezihlukahlukene. Gassman wazama ukwenza Antonio hhayi kuphela abafundile, kodwa futhi umuntu emhlabeni. Wafundisa kuye ukuziphatha, indlela yokuziphatha, ikhono ukuqhuba ingxoxo. Ekupheleni empilweni Salieri wesimanje uthi kwaba umculi abafundile kakhulu eVienna.

Gassman usanda kwethula lento protege yakhe ku ezahlukene abantu abanamakhono kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Nguye bajwayelane Gluck Salieri, eyaba nethonya enkulu ekwakhekeni kweNhlangano umculi. Maecenas bafaka umfundi uMbusi uJosefa owathiwa wabazwela intsha onekhono. Ummeleli we-abadumile Habsburg kakhulu othanda umculo owazi kahle-ke, inkantolo kwakhiwa workshop umculo, owawungumnyaka entree kanye Salieri. Sekuvele nesigcawu ikusasa umsebenzi yakhe ekhaliphile enkantolo.

Musical umsebenzi

Saleri Antonio, namanje ohlala e-Italy, waqala ukuqamba umculo, kodwa imisebenzi okhokhelwayo mayelana ungakwazi kuphela khuluma esikhathini saseVienna. Ezifuna umculi waba umsizi abavikela yakhe futhi wathola oda elincane ngelungiselelo, ishuthekwe opera, ngokubhala izingcezu wezinsimbi. Iminyaka engu-20 ngemuva imfundamakhwela umqambi wayevele eyodwa opera "abesifazane Bafunde" ayilobayo ngokubambisana Boccherini. Useke waba nempumelelo ethile, futhi wafakwa hhayi kuphela e Vienna kodwa futhi ePrague. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, u-Antonio umlobi imisebenzi eminingana wezinsimbi. Kamuva Salieri Libretto ngu Boccherini wabhala enye opera yamahlaya. Wakwazi bazikhulumele DEBUT ngempela yimpumelelo, futhi kamuva umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu wayevuka nje.

Imisebenzi 'Fair Venice "," umninindlu "," Armida "Salieri ukuqinisekisa impumelelo esimeme nodumo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, opera yakhe" eJerusalema Sikhululwe "kuye kwahlanganiswa ngisho okuhleliwe Petersburg.

Ngo-1774, wafa uthisha abaxhasi Salieri - Florian Gassmann, kanti u-Antonio bathola "ifa" ithole indawo Kapellmeister lenkampani opera Italy kanye nesikhundla egumbini umculo umqambi. Ukuze insizwa engu-24, kwaba eqa omkhulu umsebenzi. Kodwa inkonzo inkantolo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu cha, futhi umculi yayiziphilisa ngokubhalela futhi okuzobe kudlalelwa opera ngoba amathiyetha ahlukahlukene eYurophu. Ngakho, ngo-1778 i-enkundleni edumile yemidlalo yaseshashalazini "iScala", lakhiwa kabusha ngemva kuka umlilo e Milan, wavula isizini opera Salieri.

Umqambi kanzima esivuna izilaleli zanamuhla, kodwa futhi waba nesithakazelo izinguquko kuyi-opera, okuyinto Gluck. Waze wabhalela imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana, ukuthuthukisa glyukovskie isikhundla.

In the 80s eziningi Salieri futhi wabambisana nayo ethiyetha waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha "Ngaphezulu Française" futhi-Opera Theatre. He qamba opera "Tarar" phezu Libretto we Beaumarchais edumile, baziwa kakhulu ngokuba, wayehlonishwa kakhulu ukunconywa baxgeki futhi kwakufanele nomthelela kuyo yonke umculo European.

Ngo-1788, Saleri Antonio waqokwa Kapellmeister esigodlweni UJoseph II. Kwakuyisikhathi uphawu kokuhlaziywa eliphakeme sokunconywa nabanekhono umqambi. Wakwazi uhlale khona esigodlweni abakwaHabsburg kanti elandelayo mithi ezimbili. Umsebenzi wakhe courtly Salieri igcwaliswe ngo-1824, lapho impilo ayisekho kwayisiza ukuba enze imisebenzi.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, umqambi wabhala 40 opera, amakhonsathi kanye inani elikhulu imisebenzi wezinsimbi zomculo ngokomoya futhi ekamelweni.

Salieri umzamo ngemali eyanikwa ukongiwa nokuthuthukiswa ifa okudala umsizi wakhe - Florian Gassmann, wayenokuqonda futhi abathintekayo emfundweni indodakazi yakhe, kusukela owakhula i soloist esivelele esigabeni operatic.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Uma ubheka umqambi yimpumelelo futhi ithele emlandweni umculo, omunye walabo kuyinto Antonio Salieri, ama-albhamu imisebenzi etholakala ngazo zonke imitapo umculo eYurophu. opera yakhe futhi namuhla uqhubeke ukusebenzisa, kanye nokudalwa eziningi umqambi innovative ngesikhathi sawo, siyivumele ukuba ushayele isinyathelo obuphathekayo benkolelo yazo ezindaweni emhlabeni umculo. Imisebenzi ebalulekile kakhulu Saleri Antonio kukhona "Tarar" Opera, "Danaus", "inkosi Aksur ka Hormuz," "Falstaff" futhi "Requiem" futhi ezinye izingcezu ekamelweni.

umsebenzi Sikhungo

Ngaphezu ukubhalwa usebenza Saleri Antonio umzamo omkhulu ukusebenza kanye nabafundi. He qamba indlela yakhe siqu kulungiselelwa abaculi, ubuhlobo bakhe Trust kukhona ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo. abafundi odumile Antonio Salieri - Liszt, Beethoven, Czerny, Meyerbeer, Schubert. Esewonke ekhiqizwa eziyisithupha kweshumi abaculi - abaqambi kanye nabahlabeleli.

Antonio Salieri futhi Mozart: abangane noma izitha?

Inganekwane mayelana nokubulawa Mozart kwaba isiqalekiso sangempela Salieri. Inhlebo ubonakele eminyakeni yamuva, ukuphila umqambi, futhi bamxosha kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Inganekwane baba bebaningi, kuhlanganise ngenxa abanamakhono ukucutshungulwa etemibhalo Pushkin futhi Schaeffer, futhi ngekhulu lama-20 futhi M. Forman. Nokho, empeleni sasikude kakhulu izindaba oqanjiwe. Salieri babebambisene Mozart, olwenziwe ukusebenza imisebenzi yakhe. Azizange abaseduzane, kepha eziningi talking, futhi Salieri akazange unesizathu ukubulala, ngoba phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kuphumelele okuningi kuka Mozart.

ukuphila eliyimfihlo umqambi

Ngo impilo ejwayelekile, Salieri, u-Antonio baphumelele njengawe ku zokudala. Ngo 1775 efika ashade futhi owayehlala ngenjabulo yonke impilo yakhe nowesifazane wabiza uthando wakhe oyinhloko. Wawunezingane 8. UTheresa umkakhe owabulawa eminyakeni engu-18 ngaphambili Salieri, futhi ngaphandle kukanina kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe.