Umqondo netimphawu ubudlelwane komthetho we-civil

Izwe lonke yesimanje ngokugcwele kulawulwa umthetho. Leli qiniso ayamangalisa ngempela, ngoba ilungelo ngekhulu xxi - iyona Regulator eyinhloko yobuhlobo nomphakathi. Kodwa eziyimbangela yalokhu, akukho njalo. Ekuqaleni, labantu bonke emazweni wayeyizwa ithonya ubudlova futhi inkolo. Nokho, ukuphumelela umthelela yalezi zindlela kuyinto kakhulu. Phela, ubudlova isebenza ababuthakathaka ngokusebenza okunje, inkolo kuphela - abantu abasontayo. Ngakho, umthetho isibe Regulator ayisihluthulelo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Kusukela wemboni zezomthetho ukuphila emphakathini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yandile. Lokhu kwaholela yokuthi ilungelo lahlukaniswa laba izimboni eziningana ezihlobene, ngasinye sazo ezilungisiwe sihluke kakhulu uhlobo nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Kuze kube manje, uhambo banal esitolo kuyinto ngokomthetho kuthethelelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, yokufuna isinkwa - siwukubonakaliswa zakudala yesivumelwano yokuthengisa. Kulokhu sikhuluma ubudlelwane civil. Ngokuvamile, Kulomkhakha isiqondiso zomthetho sinikezwe eziningi amaphuzu ezithakazelisayo. izindaba Civil, yena, ukumela lephelele Institute tsivilisticheskoy umkhakha, okuyinto has umqondo yayo, izimpawu nokuhlukanisa ethize.

Kuyini ilungelo civil?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela izibonakaliso ubudlelwane civil, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe wemboni zomthetho, kuwo ngqo ezihlobene. Okunjalo namuhla umthetho civil. Ngokwe impumelelo nezimfundiso, emthethweni civil - lonke iqoqo imithetho ehlukene lomthetho zilawule ubuhlobo impahla kanye non-impahla yemvelo. Injongo ukuba khona kule mboni, njengoba siyaqonda ke, ukuqinisekisa izithakazelo ezomnotho zomphakathi futhi isimo sisonke. Eqinisweni, umthetho civil kuyinto umkhakha ukhiye. Phela, elandelela umlando walo kusukela esikhathini laseRoma lasendulo. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umkhakha wezomthetho yesimanje angasuselwa wona civil. Noma kunjalo, umthetho civil namuhla - kuyinto sphere ezimele ngokugcwele ngokomthetho, okuyinto has siqu osekelwe kuyo zomthetho, okubaluleke kakhulu, into wesi.

isilawuli zokulawula

Yiqiniso, umbono kanye izici ubuhlobo civil zomthetho umthetho embonini ayikwazi ukutholwa. Nokho, isisekelo normative Uvikela izimiso womsebenzi we angomunye imigomo, kanye nenkululeko yayo ngokomthetho. Kuze kube manje, isakhiwo lomthetho we wemboni civil zihlanganisa:

• UMthethosisekelo Russian Federation;
• I-Russian Civil Code;
• tsivilisticheskoy nezinye iziqondiso.

Izinhlinzeko idatha PPA uhlelo lephelele wesi oluthinta ngqo indima yesihloko.

Siyini isihloko komthetho civil?

Ososayensi impela eningi impikiswano focus elilodwa noma kwenye emkhakheni wezomthetho. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi kuncike kumthethonqubo nemfundo ehlukahlukene izinto baziwa. Kulokhu, akukho umbono olulodwa. Ngokusho kakhulu inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela classical, isihloko yimuphi umkhakha wezomthetho, kuhlanganise civil, kukhona ubudlelwane ethize nomphakathi. Kuze kube manje, ngalokhu kugomela has labo abanamathela eziningi. Lokho-ke kuye kwawathinta lokuzalwa Institute of ubudlelwane zomthetho ngesiRashiya yesimanje.

Uyini lomthetho civil?

Into komthetho we-civil izinkathi ezithile ngokoqobo, okuyinto ezihambisana abantu ukuphila kwabo konke. Ngamanye amazwi, ezindabeni zomphakathi - kuyinkinga zingaveli Yiqiniso abavamile yizenzo zabantu. Kulokhu, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho izenzo umthetho isimo akukho incazelo yalokhu isikhungo. Nokho, imisebenzi ososayensi abaningi kunikezwa ukuqokwa. Iningi sezomthetho namuhla bavumelane iqiniso lokuthi ezindabeni zomphakathi - is ukuxhumana ezenzeka phakathi izikhonzi umkhakha ngenzuzo angaphatheki, impahla kanye nelungelo, ngqo exhumene naso. Incazelo enjalo kwegama elithi kwenza kube lula ukubona izici sici nokuxhumana yalolu hlobo, kanye nezinye izikhathi kuhle ezithakazelisayo.

Ngesisekelo salokho ubuhlobo civil ephakamayo?

Ukuxhumana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo njalo iqala mayelana iziphi izinzuzo. izindaba Civil, izimpawu, izinhlobo zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, awekho okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho. Kukhona lonke uhlelo izizathu nesenzakalo yabo. I-data base ingxenye enkulu fixed izenzo civil-wezomthetho isimo. Ngakho, izinto ezilandelayo bungabonakala kuze kube manje, okuyinto zisenza sibe nokubambisana ngaphakathi kohlaka komthetho we-civil, isibonelo:

• ukuthengiselana kanye nezivumelwano;
• izixazululo lwezobulungiswa;
• amaqiniso zomthetho yokudala imisebenzi, ukuthengwa impahla;
• infliction langempela umonakalo;
• izenzo komthetho civil enqwamana nezinye isiqondiso.

Yiqiniso, izici ethulwa elichaza ubudlelwane e ukulawulwa wathi embonini, kanye ngandlela-thile ukugqamisa ngokucacile yayo. Nokho, iphathelene kuphela ukuxhumana imikhakha ekhona esifundazweni. Izimpawu izikhonzi ubudlelwane civil kanye nezinye izikhungo ukwenaba isiqondiso zehluke ezibonakalayo.

Izimpawu nobudlelwane civil

Ukuxhumana enqwamana civilistics ayincenye Institute. Leli qiniso kusivumela ukugqamisa umqondo kanye nezici ezithile ubudlelwano obusemthethweni civil. Kodwa nawu umbuzo, yini izimpawu? Lo mqondo ephawula izici osobala kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi kwala maqembu amelwe umkhakha, okuyinto kuwabeke nenqwaba yabanye. Ngakho, kukhona izici ezilandelayo of ubudlelwano komthetho we-civil:

• ukulingana eliphelele amaqembu noma izinhlangano;
• Bona kwenzeke phakathi kwabantu nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho, okusho, ngendlela enqunyiwe ukudala inhlangano;
• izifundo inelungelo isinyathelo ngesikhathi ukuqaliswa nokubambisana;
• okuvela kuyo ubuhlobo obunjalo livela ezihlukahlukene amaqiniso zomthetho (ukudalwa yesayensi, imisebenzi ebhaliwe, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukulimala okubangela, esiphelweni sesimiso inkontileka, njll ...);
• ukulawulwa isimo ubudlelwane enjalo incane.

Yiqiniso, izici aliphelelanga. Ngempela, izibonakaliso ubudlelwane civil izici ezithile ukusebenza umkhakha iyonke. Ngakho-ke, akekho ongasho ukuthi ikusasa civil umthetho ngombono ngeke zishintshe, futhi ngeke eziholela sesimanje ukubambisana kulo mkhakha.

Izinhlobo ubudlelwane civil

Noma yisiphi isikhungo lomthetho ukubonakaliswa eziningi ezahlukene, evumela ukuthi ukuze uhlukanise. kuphakama izindaba Civil ngesisekelo amaqiniso ehlukene zomthetho kanye netintfo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba utihlukanise tibe eziningana.

1. Umehluko impahla kanye non-impahla ubudlelwane kubonakala ngesikhathi nesenzakalo yabo. Esimweni sokuqala kukhona into kulomhlaba, kanti eyesibili - kuphela izinzuzo angaphatheki (ibhizinisi idumela, nodumo, isithunzi, njll ...).
2. INsalela ubuhlobo kuphakama ngenxa khona kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ziyakwazi okuphambene isibopho. Bona njani isilinganiso lapho ngamunye amaqembu kufanele asebenzise izenzo ezithile maqondana elinye ibhizinisi.

Concept futhi izimpawu civil zomthetho zenqubo

Iningi umkhakha wezomthetho akuzona ezifanayo kuphela kodwa futhi aphelele. Isibonelo salokhu, ubuhlobo komthetho we-civil kanye civil zenqubo. Yiqiniso, lo mkhakha wesibili libhekene ezicini ezithile. kuphakama ubudlelwane Legal kuwo njengengxenye Isivivinyo. Kulokhu, ndaba inkantolo saziso, okuyinto uhlela konke ukuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni ubudlelwane enjalo ngezinga elifanayo iqiniso lokuthi zokuphila zikhanga ngokukhethekile ku-igunya lomphakathi. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ezinye izici ezivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-inqubo, kanye izindlela, ukwethula isimiso dispositive zokuqondisisa imisebenzi amaqembu, kanye ukuzimela yezihloko.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sahlola umqondo netimphawu ubudlelwane civil. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ziningi izinto ezithakazelisayo kohlaka eyethulwe sikhungo, abadinga intuthuko theory izazi zanamuhla.