Ukugqilazwa kwabantu - lena ... Umqondo ngempoqo

inkinga zabasebenzi asithinti nje kuphela kumuntu, kodwa futhi nomphakathi wonkana. Ukugqilazwa kwabantu - lena inkinga ophuthuma kakhulu kokubili umthetho wezwe nowamazwe ngamazwe.

Umqondo PR

Ophoqelelwe - ukugcwaliseka umsebenzi othile ngaphansi usongo isijeziso kumuntu. Njengoba kunjalo, singasebenza kokubili imiphumela engqondweni nasemzimbeni, okuyinto kunoma yiliphi icala enobudlova. mphumela ayivunyelwe ukuze silondoloze zabasebenzi ngekubayala nangekubacondzisa ezithuthukisa umnotho umqashi (inkampani) nokunye. Non-ubudlova njengendlela elithile umthwalo nesijeziso nokuhlanganye- abasesitelekeni, uwukubonakaliswa ukubukwa zezombusazwe nezinkolelo indlela yami yokucabanga.

Ukugqilazwa kwabantu kuyinto enjalo, uma umsebenzi engakwazi ukuyeka. Ukwenqatshelwa ophoqelelwe kusebenza kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwephula eside yokukhokha inkokhelo noma ingxenye Ukukhishwa yayo.
2. Usongo ngokushesha ukuphila nempilo ngenxa okungekuhle inhlangano ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwephulwa izimfuneko ezempilo, ukutholakala izembatho zokuzivikela, ngokuvumelana nemithetho lomthetho yokuvikela zabasebenzi nokunye.

Umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza Izifunda

Ukugqilazwa kwabantu uvinjelwe emazweni amaningi, ke ilawulwa ngumthetho kazwelonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho eminingi eziqukethwe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, phakathi okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• Nesivumelwano Sezizwe Zonke Samalungelo Aphathelene Nezakhamuzi kanye Nezombusazwe;
• ILO Convention on the ukuqedwa umsebenzi ophoqelelwe;
• ILO Convention on Labor Ephoqelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho onqabela lolu hlobo lomsebenzi bukaJehova kubonakala imibhalo olujwayelekile, ezifana-Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Izinhlobo zomsebenzi ze-non-PR

ngempoqo kumane nje lezo zenzo ukuthi yenziwa ngaphansi usongo isijeziso. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho ngokomthetho ziwela ngaphansi kwencazelo oshiwo ngenhla, kodwa empeleni akuzona. Idatha zihlanganisa kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• Ukubulawa imisebenzi zazo ebekwe empini. Imisebenzi ehlobene inkonzo yezempi noma ezinye izinkonzo zomphakathi aluphoqelekile, njengoba ekuqaleni zinikelwa isibopho isimo ukusigcwalisa.
• Nakuba kwakudingeka basebenze ukwenza esimweni esiphuthumayo futhi umthetho karate. I-oda ukubulawa imisebenzi enjalo kunqunywa imithetho.
• umsebenzi ophoqelelwe, isimiso asisebenzi ngesikhathi eziphuthumayo, okungukuthi imililo, izikhukhula, ukuzamazama komhlaba, indlala, izifo of flora ahlukahlukene nezilwane nokunye. Eziphuthumayo yilezo zisongele ukusebenza evamile labantu endaweni ethile.
• Umsebenzi wenzeke ngenxa ukungena amandla kwesigwebo enkantolo sinqumo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa khona ngaphansi kokuqondisa esiqinile nokulawula iziphathimandla zikahulumeni futhi hhayi ophoqelelwe.

territoriality PR

ophoqelelwe, ukubandlulula ogcwele zonke izindawo kanye nezinhlobo umphakathi, ngaphandle kokubheka imvelaphi yabo, isizinda somlando, inkathi kumiswa, isakhiwo kwezomnotho, nokunye. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa angaba khona kokubili athuthukile kanye emazweni ampofu, futhi akugcini Kwenye ingxenye iplanethi. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho yokuthi neSivumelwano Nokusebenza Okuyimpoqo futhi ILO aqukethe hhayi imithetho likubeka ngokucacile. Iningi lazo akuzona amazinga esibophezelayo.

Kule ndaba, emazweni amaningi kukhona ukutolika ezahlukene okushiwo izenzo ngamazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi ophoqelelwe lihlobene eduze umbuso wobushiqela, kanye nokuxhashazwa lonelulaka. Inketho sesibili kuhilela ukwethulwa imibandela emisha, njengokuthi "yesimanje day ubugqila" noma "emikhubeni efana nobugqila." Lezi imiqondo ezihlobene ne nezimo ezimbi futhi iyingozi ukusebenza, kanye nenkokhelo eliphansi.

Izici OL

Ukugqilazwa kwabantu - a mkhakha womsebenzi, okuyinto has izici zayo. I-International Convention 1930 ithi ophoqelelwe kuyinto wonke umsebenzi noma insizakalo owenziwa ngaphansi sesaba ukujeziswa kusukela kokuthola umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMthetho uthi isimo ezidingekayo: uma umuntu kwadingeka ithuba ukuba bangalibali lo msebenzi, ngokuqinisekile belisebenzisa.

Le ncwadi eshiwo ngenhla idokhumenti ngamazwe liphindze likhulume ngalolunye eziningi okuhlukile, isibonelo maqondana nomsebenzi wezempi kanye nomsebenzi wezempi. Iphinde akubandakanyi lomtshikatshika iziboshwa, imisebenzi yamaqembu esizwe esisodwa, umsebenzi esimweni esiphuthumayo noma isimo esiphuthumayo, kanye umsebenzi noma insizakalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa esiqinile abamele uhulumeni abomthetho.

Inhlanganiso yeILO Isentha uthi ophoqelelwe kukhona noma yimuphi umsebenzi kwezomnotho, okuhloswe ngalo zezombusazwe kabusha imfundo, kanye akuhileli ukubandlulula. Akuvunyelwe lokhu uhlobo lomsebenzi njengendlela yokuthola ukujezisa abasebenzi ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo ngokuzimisela futhi ilungelo lokuteleka, njengoba lokhu kwesokudla Kumiswa hhayi kuphela ngekwemazinga emhlaba, kodwa langenduduzo Code Labour.

Ingabe amaholo aphansi PR?

Abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi umsebenzi ophoqelelwe - iyona amaholo aphansi kanye nezimo ezimbi ukusebenza. Kubalulekile ukudweba umngcele okucacile phakathi nokwephulwa kwamalungelo kanye nezimo ezimbi ngomsebenzi yimpumelelo. Endabeni amaholo aphansi umuntu njalo ukwethula ngikhethe asule esikhundleni noma uqhubeke ukusebenza endaweni ethile. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphezu kwamandla akhe, isibonelo ngenxa yokuntuleka izindlela, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukunikeza imiphumela umsebenzi enkampanini.

Ophoqelelwe ezihlobene okwedlulele ukwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu, umkhawulo ku inkululeko yakhe, esasimenyezelwa umthetho. Lo mbuzo ngokuphelele ohlobene nezindaba zamanje international zobugqila, serfdom futhi ubugqila bezikweletu.

Iziphi izenzo atehlukaniseki kuya PR

Ukugqilazwa kwabantu - agcwaliseka yezenzo ezithile bewela ngaphansi ziqu ngenhla okuthiwa. Ngakho, kulolu hlobo okungekho emthethweni kukhona okulandelayo:

1. Ukuthumba nokusetshenziswa nokuphathwa ngobudlova kuso.
2. Ukwamukelwa ubugqila bezikweletu ngokuzalwa noma ifa.
3. imisebenzi okungekho emthethweni ukudayiswa komuntu nokuthenga, kanye nezinye zokukhokhelwa mayelana ubuntu.
4. Okuvumelekile isikhala ngokomzimba, ezifana ngaphakathi endaweni yangasese. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ihlanganisa avelelwe emthethweni esitokisini, emajele, emsebenzini.
5. ukuphoqwa kwenqondo, okuyinto kuhambisana izinsongo hhayi kuphela isijeziso kwamuntu yena, kodwa futhi udlame olubhekiswe izihlobo kanye nabanye abantu abaseduze.
6. Ukunikeza ulwazi olungamanga ku izimo zokusebenza, inkokhelo, umsebenzi, kanye nokunye.
7. Ukugcinwa kwemibhalo siqu isakhamuzi, kuhlanganise ukuhlonza, ezifana passport, ilayisense yokushayela, kanye uhlu nezinye izibambiso.
8. Udlame locansi.
9. Ukukhishwa kusuka empilweni yomphakathi, oqhamuke namalungu omphakathi, ukuze umuntu babelwe yemfanelo ethile ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi.
10. Nokuswela ukudla, indawo yokuhlala, imali ngokuba sehluleke ukusebenza imiyalelo.

Ophoqelelwe e-ILO

Freedom emsebenzini - omunye wemithetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kwanoma yimuphi umthetho kazwelonke. Akukho muntu, akukho nhlangano awukwazi asuse leli lungelo. Zwangsarbeit iyisibonelo esivelele bokwephula isimiso ngenhla. Yingakho lolu daba kubhekwe kakhulu ngokucophelela ILO.

I-International Labor Organization uyazicabangela ukuqashelwa yizici ezimbili ebalulekile uhlobo oluthile msebenzi ayimpoqo. Okokuqala, akukho uphawu umsebenzi wokuzithandela kwenziwe. Okwesibili, ekwenzeni imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphansi usongo isijeziso. umkhuba Ngaphezulu konyaka-75 ubudala uye waletha ukucaca izici ezingenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi usongo isijeziso siqondwa njengoba nje kuphela imvume ingajezisa, kodwa futhi bokuhlukaniswa amalungelo athile.

Ifomu usongo isijeziso PR

Ukugqilazwa kwabantu libhekene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphikiswa izinsongo nesijeziso. Laba bameleli be-evelele kunazo kukhona ngobudlova, conjugate ngokuvalelwa ejele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigebengu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa kungenzeka nomthelela ongemuhle emindenini nezihlobo abantu womuntu esihlalweni ngaphansi kwejoka zomsebenzi.

Indawo yesibili e nokudlanga uthatha uhlobo izinsongo nemiphumela ngokwengqondo. Njengomthetho, usongo obujwayelekile isidingo Ukukhishwa izidumbu komthetho we izisulu. Ngakho kangakanani ezimweni lapho abaqashi empeleni ophoqelelwe abangaphansi kwakhe ukusebenza futhi ebikiwe kwabo amaphoyisa noma wezifiki inkonzo. impumelelo ethile Lezi izinsongo kukhona esimweni isakhamuzi angaphandle ngokungemthetho kuleli zwe. Ngu imiphumela ngokwengqondo futhi zihlanganisa usongo ulwazi mayelana imiyalezo ukuthi intombazane wahlanganyela ngomzimba ezindaweni ezicezile zokuhlala noma idolobha.

Izici OL emkhakheni wezezimali

Ifomu wesithathu usongo okubonisa indlela zezimali. Njengomthetho, isisulu isicelo izinhlawulo kwezomnotho, ezifana izikweletu, yokungakhokhi yezinzuzo, izinsongo yokuxoshwa nokunye. Inketho yokugcina isetshenziswa endabeni yokwenqaba isisebenzi enza isikhathi esengeziwe emsebenzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqashi ngokuvamile zidinga abafundi ukuhambisa omazisi. Uma babheka izenzo ezinjalo, kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi uma ophoqelelwe izimpawu zabasebenzi avele wena kanye nozakwabo zakho isetshenzisiwe.