UNikolai Klyuev: lokusungula kanye biography

I Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ebizwa nangokuthi Isiliva Ubudala, kwaba sokuthuthwa kwempahla izincwadi Russian. Kwakukhona iziqondiso amasha kanye Amathrendi, abalobi asesabi ulinge futhi bethola izinhlobo ezintsha futhi izingqikithi. Enye yalezi izimbongi kwaba Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich. Wamphatha novokrestyanskomu isiqondiso senkondlo.

biography

Wazalelwa Okthoba 10, 1884 edolobhaneni Koshtugi Vytegorsky County (Vologda esifundeni), uNikolai Klyuev. Biography omlobi iqala umndeni nosayitsheni elula Alexei Kalashnikov. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke Klyuev walithanda unina, uPraskovya Fyodorovna, owayeyilungu Umxoxi okukhulu. Wathembiswa ekufundiseni indodana ngenxa Nicholas wakhe wayekwazi ukufunda, ukutlola kanye ukufunda izisekelo Folk song USB.

Ngo-1895 wathola iziqu esikoleni wendawo Vytegra. Wabe esehamba Petrozavodsk, lapho afundela khona ngesikhathi esesikoleni sokufundela ubudokotela. Ngemva iziqu Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich kanye Bakwethu zabo, ngubani babehilelekile ukudayiswa we dolobha uboya nenhlanzi, waya Petersburg ukusebenza.

Enhloko-dolobha, waqala ukubhala izinkondlo ngaphansi izinkondlo isiqondiso novokrestyanskoy. Ezinkondlweni zakhe muse olusankondlo ekhononda zobuhlungu nokuhlupheka tillers kanye ukuqalekisa lwabacindezeli babo. Klyuyev izinkondlo lokuqala zashicilelwa "Izimbongi okusha" ukuqoqwa 1904. Kodwa ngokushesha Klyuyev wabuyela ekhaya elincane.

Ukuba ngaphansi umbono kusukela ekuqaleni izenzakalo wamavukelambuso, imbongi kufakwe 1905 e nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe. Buqala ukusabalalisa amapheshana. Ngoba ku 1906. Klyuev waboshwa.

Kluev lasekhanda

Umcimbi owawubalulekile imbongi ngajwayelana Alexander Blok. Ukuxhumana abalobi waqala ngo-1907. Ekuqaleni, uNikolai Klyuev ngempela namahloni ezincwadini zakhe embongini neyaziwayo, kodwa kancane kancane waqiniseka ukuthi block futhi unesithakazelo ezingxoxweni zabo. Klyuyev kancane kancane iqala ukukhuluma mayelana umoya bekhalaza ukuthi uthuthuva phakathi kwabantu, mayelana nokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo. Kodwa akukhona nje ngezombusazwe usho abalobi. UNikolai uthi ibutho esankondlo umoya elisemandleni abantu elula, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu yasekhaya, kungenzeka ukuvula ngokuphelele.

osonhlamvukazi umxhwele kakhulu Klyuyev. Wayevame ucaphuna nabo izincwadi kubangani izihloko zabo. Ngenxa usizo Uqhwaku Blok izinkondlo eyanyatheliswa ngo "Nomhlaba Omusha", "Golden Fleece" nezinye omagazini eziningi etemibhalo. On the imisebenzi imbongi ezivela kwezinye izifunda unake wedolobha abalobi. Abaningi babo abakwazi ukuhlangabezana Klyuyev. Phakathi kwabo Valeriy Bryusov.

impumelelo

Ngo-1911, uNikolai Klyuev eshicilelwe iqoqo yakhe yokuqala "pins chime." Isandulela senguqulo ubhala Bruce. Incwadi ngemvume futhi isithakazelo kwavunyelwana emibuthanweni asankondlo etemibhalo. Mayelana wakhe omuhle waphendula izimbongi ezifana Nikolay Gumilev, uSergei Gorodetsky , nokunye. Izethameli washaywa ngemisebenzi Klyuyev lazo elingajwayelekile, ukuntuleka ubuntu namandla, wayala tropes, izithombe, isigqi.

Klyuyev kukhazimulisa nemvelo, yokuphila yasemakhaya, abantu. Nokho, iyakholelwa ukuthi isiko elingamhloniphi uNkulunkulu ukuthi predominated ekhulwini le-19, uyafa, futhi esikhundleni into entsha, futhi ephilayo kwabantu.

Gumilyov kubuyekezwa yakhe iqoqo izinkondlo klyuevskoy ubikezela ikusasa - uthi kungcono nje kuyisiqalo ukunyakaza entsha izincwadi. Futhi ilungile. Klyuyev isibe omunye abameleli lokuqala novokrestyanskoy izinkondlo.

Klyuyev futhi Yesenin

UNikolai Klyuev isikhathi eside, walivikela ilungelo izinkondlo ongumlimi ekuphileni. Kodwa ngo-1915 wathola incwadi evela imbongi abasha abavela esifundazweni Ryazan. incwadi esenina uphefumulela Klyuyev. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazijwayele engekho, ngokusondelene nalezi izimbongi ezimbili ndawonye nabanye abalobi ababhala phakathi kwezihloko ongumlimi.

Ngo izinkondlo Klyuyev futhi Yesenin wayengubani ngempela kakhulu abafana, futhi yingakho yashesha ulimi olufanayo futhi onobunye. Ngesikhathi 1915 hit impumelelo yabo isiqongo Fide. Ndawonye baya kusihlwa tetemibhalo, ukufunda izinkondlo zabo.

Nokho, kusho inyunyana akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Esenina isipho ngobubanzi okuningi novokrestyanskoy izinkondlo ngo-1917, ubungane obabuphakathi izimbongi ezimbili baye siphele.

Ukuphuza izinkondlo yesigaba sabasebenzi

UNikolai Klyuev, ogama izinkondlo wahlabelela zabantu ezilula isiRashiya, nokho, awukhulumi azibheke imbongi yesigaba sabasebenzi. Revolution Uthole umbhali endaweni lwakubo. Kwathatha ukufika Klyuyev ngomdlandla engakaze ibonwe. Kodwa-ke umelwe uqobo njengoba kuyamcasula "ipharadesi guy."

Ngo-1918, uNikolai Klyuev kuthatha KwamaBolshevik Party. Ukwenza inkulumo-ze umsebenzi, funda nezinkondlo inguquko. Nokho, lowo uyindoda zenkolo, okuyinto ephambene oda entsha. Kuba sobala ukuthi kukhuthaza revolution ezahlukene kakhulu. Futhi ngo-1920 Klyuyev axoshwe party. Kuyeke ukushicilela izinkondlo zakhe. Waqala ukucasula uhulumeni omusha nokungavumelani yalo yenkolo nge izimbongi yesigaba sabasebenzi, ebabizela inkulumo-ze umkhiqizo mbumbulu.

Yaqala isikhathi esinzima imbongi. Wayehlala ubumpofu, kwaba yisifundo ushushiso, akakwazanga ukuthola umsebenzi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, waqhubeka ukukhuluma ngokumelana umbuso wamaSoviet.

Umzabalazo imbongi yaphela Februwari 2, 1934, lapho eboshwa "sokuhlanganiswa counterrevolutionary kanye nokusabalalisa imisebenzi." Wagwetshwa ukudingiselwa Narym indawo. Futhi ngo-October 1937 Klyuyev ababulawa ngenxa yamacala amanga.