Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich: Biography, izithombe

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, ogama biography ixhunyaniswe izinkondlo Soviet, ukuphila ayesinikwe enkonzweni hhayi kuphela Museum, kodwa futhi isimo sakhe. baxgeki Literary ngandlela-thile ezihlobene ku-"uqimba yesibili" yezimbongi isiRashiya, kanti imbongi has izwi lakhe, eziningi impumelelo zokudala nobuhle.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Novemba 22, 1896 Petersburg wazalwa UNikolai Tikhonov, Biography iDemo kuchazwa izwi labalinye lokuthi: "The Poet", futhi kuba ngohlamvu capital. umsuka wayo neze wawufanekisela kukhethwa izindlela ezinjalo esikhathini esizayo. Uvele umndeni elula kakhulu futhi ethobekile. Uyise wayengumGreki wezinwele elula, nonina - umthungi. engenayo emndenini kwaba ngaphezu nesizotha, imali ngokulambisa anele izidingo ezidingekayo. Babehlala endlini edumile Morskaya Street, lapho kanye kwakukhona Pushkin futhi waseHerzen. Kodwa ngesikhathi Tikhonov kwaba ekhaya ngabampofu: Igumbi elincane elimnyama, iziketekete ukukhanyisa, isimo esidabukisayo. Isibhakabhaka lapho imbongi esizayo ekhula, ingabe alinakho indlela kumiswa uthando yobuciko. Abazali ngokoqobo amapeni eqoqwe ukunikeza izingane okungenani imfundo omncane.

yokufunda

Tihonov Nikolay lofundziwe cishe ngokuzimela ukufunda nokubhala eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. Khona-ke abazali bami bathola indlela wathumela umfana ukufunda esikoleni yomphakathi ku Post Office Street. Wayethanda ukufunda, ikakhulukazi ukwazi umlando wayo nokuma kwezwe. Khona-ke wakwazi ukuqhubeka nesikole ngesikhathi Trade esikoleni, kodwa lapho eseneminyaka engu-15 kwadingeka ukuba ayeke ke njengomkhaya zidinge usizo, futhi kwadingeka ukuba abuyele emsebenzini. Okuningi ukufunda akabuyele akuzange kwenzeke. Eqinisweni Tikhonov kwaba self-wafundisa, wamonyuka ulwazi lwakhe kusuka izincwadi, kuba umsebenzi athakazelisayo emazweni akude ezamehlela wayiyisa phezulu umsebenzi etemibhalo.

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole, uNicholas wahamba wayosebenza njengoba umbhali ekuphathweni komnotho kolwandle. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19, waya enkonzweni yezempi, eminyakeni emithathu wakhonza e-Hussars, imbongi uhlanganyela izimpi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-1918, ngemva Okthoba Revolution Tikhonov zahlangana Red Army, ingakapheli iminyaka lemitsatfu sivikele amalungelo isimo abasha baseSoviet.

DEBUT yakhe ElikaDavide UNikolai Tikhonov wabhala ekuseni kakhulu, eneminyaka engu-18 ayiqamba imisebenzi yakuqala. ukushicilelwa yakhe uqala ukuvela lapho eseneminyaka engu-22 ubudala. Ngo-1922, uNicholas ukuthi demobilized ebuthweni lempi nokuthi yenza isiqunto kwesibhamu ube umbhali. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho ijoyina avant-garde mkhuba tetemibhalo, Uhlanganyela inhlangano "Serapion Abafowethu" kanye abalobi ezifana Kaverin, Zoshchenko, Fedin, Slonimsky. Esikhathini inkathi Tikhonov is kakhulu ukuthonywa acmeism futhi Gumilev.

iminyaka okuphumelela

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1920, uNikolai Tikhonov, isithombe ngokuvamile glimpsed emaphephandabeni Soviet, iqembu izimbongi abanamakhono futhi ethandwa kakhulu. Yena ishicilela inkondlo "Sami" amaqoqo "zidlamlilo" futhi "Braga". Yakhe "Ballad izinzipho" ngokoqobo uyaqonda iziqubulo kanye izingcaphuno. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-20-yalolucwaningo Tikhonov luhamba eziningi, wahambela eCaucasus, Ukraine, eBelarus, e-Uzbekistan futhi Turkmenistan. Yena wenza ubungani nabantazana eziningi izimbongi we-republic anobuhlobo futhi kule nkathi kwenza eziningi ukuhumusha Georgian, Dagestan, Belarus, Uzbek, Ukraine isosha esihlatshelelwayo. Ngo-1935 wayiswa iFrance Congress, "Ukuvikela emhlabeni." Njengoba imbongi uye besekele ulayini iqembu uhulumeni, nguye ophethe ukushicilela eziningi, ukuthatha uhambo, zingakwazi ukukhuluma obala. Ngo-1939, Tikhonov futhi ezilotshwe impi, he ngenela ngaphakathi the neMpi Russian-Finnish njengendlela umlobeli impi futhi umhleli we- "Ukuvikela Motherland". Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II wasebenza Administration bezombangazwe Leningrad Front. Ngalesi sikhathi waliloba eziningi izinkondlo nephrozi, kanye journalism.

ngemva kwempi

Ngemva kwempi, uNikolai Tikhonov, imbongi obufanako elikhanyayo, ubanika amandla ngokwengeziwe emsebenzini nomphakathi. Kusukela ngo-1949, lapho walibangisa eSoviet Ukuthula iKomidi, bese uMkhandlu Wokuthula Komhlaba. Ngalesi sikhathi, wenza okuningi travel angaphandle yase-Europe ne-China. Kusukela ngo-1944, usihlalo we-Union of Soviet Abalobi ukusebenza, bese engena gaba kubaholi inyunyana. Kusukela ngo-1946, eminyakeni wayengumuntu iPhini of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, eMoscow Soviet. Ubhala kule nkathi, Tikhonov kakhulu ukubuyeka isikhathi umzabalazo nezitha emgqeni Party. Ngo-1947, yena waba okhuthele umzabalazo wokulwa cosmopolitanism, ubukela phansi incwadi "Pushkin futhi Imibhalo Yomhlaba". Kancane kancane zasondela wokuzilibazisa emihlanganweni, congresses nokusebenza kusithatha sonke isikhathi sakhe, ke izzhivaya imbongi.

ifa olusankondlo

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, ogama biography ihlobene eduze iziphathimandla zaseSoviet, washiya engacebile kakhulu, kodwa ezithakazelisayo ifa senkondlo. Esikhwameni sakhe izinkondlo engaphezu kuka-10, edume kakhulu okuyizinto "ngokwabo" futhi "Isengezo". Layidalile 10 amaqoqo izinkondlo-copyright. The enhle kakhulu Zazingobani "ballads Nambili", "Braga" futhi "Shadow umngane." Imisebenzi namashumi okugcina eminyaka abangu kakhulu zaveza imibono yabantu, okuyinto ziyancipha kakhulu Ukungena yabo nokubaluleka wobuciko. izinkondlo zakhe bekulokhu ukushisekela ubuzwe eyinqaba, intshiseko zomphakathi babonisa ngokucacile nangempumelelo. Ngemva kwempi, akhetha esiyinhloko umsebenzi wakhe - lena ekuphileni nokuhlangenwe nakho kumuntu ovamile. Leli sosha lafika base, indodana umdobi, umlimi - imbongi efuna ukukutshela ngemizwa yabo ngenxa yothando lokhokho, nokuqaphela okuqondene ukusungulwa isimo okukhulu kwamandla abantu nobulungisa bakhe.

Eyiqiniso Tikhonov

Ngaphezu izinkondlo, wabhala Tihonov Nikolay eziningi zolimi olubhalwa phansi ezinye tindzaba letimfisha kanye Tindzaba njengabakhulu kunani amandla isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe ithalente. temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba lakhe - ukubuya eziqondile ebuntwaneni amaphupho kanye nemigqondo. Ngakho, indaba "Vamberi" utshela mayelana adventures Orientalist kanye isihambi. Ezinye izindaba zakhe futhi amanoveli zifane Rudyard Kipling. Tikhonov ivame ukukhuluma ngamanye amazwe, cishe wokulwela ubulungiswa, ngakho imisebenzi yakhe nebutho ezifana enkulu yemfundo, futhi ngokuvamile ukufunda ezikoleni. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe eshicilelwe amaqoqo eziyisikhombisa tindzaba letimfisha kanye amanoveli, le enhle kakhulu babe "Isifungo ku Inkungu," "I-Leningrad izindaba", "Rainbow Double". Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule Tikhonov wabhala izinkumbulo, bephuma e incwadi ethi "The Writer nenkathi" ngo-1972. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kuyinto ifa layo lesibonwa. Imisebenzi kwesikhathi impi, ukuhamba Tindzaba encwadini "Nomads" usitshela ubuqhawe zabantu abavamile, ukunqoba ngokwabo egameni imibono.

Imiklomelo nokufeza

Tihonov Nikolay yayisiboshwe kaningi waphawula nguhulumeni wase-USSR ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ezicini zokushisekela izwe. He is kuphela umuntu, ngaphandle LI UBrezhnev waklonyeliswa Lenin Prize kanye International Lenin Prize "ukuthula phakathi kwezizwe." Ngo-1966, eneminyaka engu-umbhali wokuqala wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha ka Hero of Socialist Labour. Kathathu yena yanikezelwa le Stalin Prize, wayengumuntu kathathu ewina Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner we Okthoba Revolution, iMpi Yezwe II, Wobudlelwano Red Banner. UNikolai Semenovich wayebuye Umamukeli imiklomelo eminingi, kuhlanganise ngamazwe, kabili wathola uMklomelo State.

isikhundla yomphakathi

Nikolay Semenovich Tihonov ukuphila lonke bekulokhu advocate nekhono lokukhuluma amandla Soviet. Wayedlala ngoba kwezifiso yakhe isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe, kanye zezitsha ezehlukene zomphakathi. Wasekela emgqeni party emzabalazweni cosmopolitanism, kodwa akazange ayisekele nendlela zinsolo abekwa Akhmatova futhi Zoshchenko futhi ibhadelwe likaMengameli we-Union of Abalobi. Kodwa ngo-1973 waba phakathi nabanye abalobi usayine incwadi esekela ukumangalelwa Sakharov nemisebenzi uSolzhenitsyn sika emelene ngempela namaSoviet.

ukuphila Siqu

UNikolai Tikhonov, ogama biography is ups zokudala nezimbi eyaziwa zokuziphatha, waphila ngempela elichumayo, nokuphatha ukuze ugweme izinkinga eziningi zilinde nezinye izimbongi endleleni ku izincwadi. Wakwazi zidlule izimpi ezine, kodwa musa elimele kabi. Wayengumuntu abangane nge abalobi abaningi besikhathi sethu, ngisho nangemva ihlazo endlini yakhe angakwazi woza M.Zoshchenko futhi uthole isithakazelo enobungane. othembekile imbongi kwaba uMariya Konstantinovna Nesluhovskaya. Wayengumngane umculi iminyaka eminingi esebenza yaseshashalazini unodoli. Unkosikazi waba nethonya elinamandla endleleni ukuthuthukiswa Tikhonov, eqinisweni, wayekhula ngamandla ukwenza ekuthuthukisweni yayo nemfundo, okuyinto wayengenakwenza. Laba bobabili bahlala ndawonye iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Izingane lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka cha. Ngo-1975, uMaria Konstantinovna wafa, futhi washiya kanye UNikolai Semenovich iminyaka emine. Imbongi is wangcwatshwa emathuneni e Peredelkino. It lethiwa emgwaqweni e Makhachkala.