Izikweletu zomphakathi lamazwe emhlabeni. Usezingeni lamazwe ezingeni debt umphakathi

izikweletu zomphakathi lamazwe emhlabeni iyisici ovelele kule destabilization hhayi kuphela isimo sezimali emhlabeni, kodwa futhi kwezomnotho. Okuwukuphela kwendlela kulesi simo - ukuthola izindlela zokunciphisa izikweletu zomhlaba, kanye nokuncipha izinga yayo ukukhula, kukonke. Ngokusho abahlaziyi zomhlaba, kuyilapho kwaphakama isimo esibucayi lokuqala global ngenxa ukukhula okunamandla esikweletini emkhakheni wezezimali, emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi kanye nasemakhaya adla obumbi kwekhulu lama-21, kuyothiwa ukukhula debt umphakathi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. ochwepheshe emakethe yezimali uthi ngokwesaba ukuthi izibopho izikweletu wezwe ngonyaka ka-2015 ube zonke amathuba ukuze ube iphepha plain.

Yini izibalo 2014 konyaka?

amazwe isikweletu sezwe ekupheleni 2014, has a umthamo okwesabisayo.

• Japan - izikweletu kahulumeni oluhambisana 234% we-GDP.
• Greece - 183%.
• Portugal - 148%.
• Italy - 139%.
• Belgium - 135%.

Analytical inkampani global McKinsey wenza emazweni top ten ubukhulu of the debt umphakathi namanje Spain (132%) nase-Ireland (115%), Singapore (105%), France (104%) kanye UK (92%). Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi Melika simo waya endaweni 11 ne-89% we-GDP. Lapha-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokusho izibalo isikhulu sikahulumeni, kodwa ngo-2011 umphakathi nesikweletu USA enqobe uphawu 100% we-GDP. Ngokuphathelene izibalo 2013, umthamo ezikweletini lakhuphuka lafika ku-106,6%. Ngokusho izibalo wokulungiselela, izikweletu 2014 Melika kufanele kube ezingeni 109,9%. Okwamanje, amazwe inqubomgomo esebenzayo ukunciphisa izikweletu zomphakathi. Ukuphumelela ukungenelela kanye nomphumela izinkomba e 2015 kungahlolwa kuphela ngoDisemba.

I aphansi izinkomba debt umphakathi

Kukhona amazwe isilinganiso akuyona kuphela kakhulu kwamandla akhe, kodwa futhi omncane. Kungaphawulwa amazwe izikweletu zenyuka emhlabeni:

• Norway - isikweletu sezwe kuyinto 34% we-GDP.
• Columbia - 32%.
• China - 31%.
• Australia - 31%.
• Indonesia - 22%.

States ukuthi isikweletu esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo, futhi kabani isikweletu engaphansi kwengama-20% we-GDP - kuyinto Peru (19%) kanye Argentina (19%), Chile (15%), eRussia (9%) kanye Saudi Arabia (3%) .

Interconnection yesikweletu kazwelonke kanye nezinga lokukhula lalezi amazwe emhlabeni

Izinga debt umphakathi ivumela amazwe ukusungula uxhumano abanye phakathi nenani izikweletu kanye ezingeni yentuthuko kahulumeni. Kuthiwa okungenani ukuheha izimali okuhlanganisa kusilela isimo, abasendaweni komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane asebenzayo. Amazwe ezibhekwa ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, isabelomali isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona kwenzeka izikhathi eziningi kakhulu, futhi ukukhuphuka ezikweletini ngendlela ehlelekile. Uma izikweletu njengenkulumo njengoba amaphesenti GDP, futhi Ngokwamanani emali, endaweni isigaba Ubuholi ngaya e-Amerikha. Sekuyisikhathi eside izikweletu zayo kazwelonke baweqile kumkhawulo $ 18 trillion. Umhlaba abahlaziyi kwezomnotho bathi ukwanda izikweletu ekupheleni 2015 kuya 19 izindodla zezimali. indawo Okwesibili kuthatha Japan, ne tikweleti tabo inani 10.5 izindodla zezimali. Lokhu kulandelwa China - 5.5 trillion. akhawunti La mazwe amathathu cishe 58-60% of the debt izwe ngokuphelele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eRussia, okuyinto namanje maphakathi no-2014 waba izikweletu elihambisana 0.1% zomhlaba, namuhla sangena "kudoti simo" amazwe, okuyinto ukuthola loan emakethe international cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Dynamics isimo

izikweletu zomphakathi lamazwe emhlabeni has a mkhuba omuhle, it is ehlelekile okwandisa. Esikhathini kusuka 2007 kuya ku-2014 ukwandisa izikweletu zabo izikhathi eziningana ephethwe izingulube izwe hhayi kuphela, ethwele ingozi ngoba EU (Portugal, e-Ireland, i-Italy, Greece naseSpain), kodwa futhi abaholi ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele, kuhlanganise Japan, Italy naseFrance. Melika weqiwe izingulube Isimo seqembu. Kulinganiselwa wokulungiselela, isimo sezwe ngokuvamile kuyakhula. I ngokuphelele futhi isihlobo izikweletu Ukwakha-up, kungenzeka ejwayelekile lamazwe nge izinga eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho.

Kungani iminotho eziphambili babe izindodla okusezingeni eliphezulu izikweletu state?

Isizathu sokuba mkhuba ukuthi izinga nesanda kumele baphathe umnotho akusho ungavumeli ubhadala, kodwa futhi ukusevisa izikweletu zawo. Sekuyisikhathi eside iningi kwezomnotho emazweni asethuthukile abutholakali kuqanda, kodwa lokususa izinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. McKinsey ochwepheshe-ejensi ngemva kokuhlaziya isimo wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi into enzima kakhulu buyisa phezulu boleko ukuze refinance izikweletu zalo kuyoba amazwe ezifana Japan naseSpain, e-Italy, ePortugal, Great Britain France. Ochwepheshe bheka ikhambi lenkinga e kabusha olunzulu emnothweni, by otvyazki yayo ephelele debt umphakathi.

Amathrendi, nokubona

Isilinganiso Nezikweletu zomhlaba, ngokusho kongoti ka "Spiegel" esikalini yokushicilela endlini isiJalimane, has a uxhumano ngqo izici ukuthuthukisa izizwe.

• Lapho izikweletu uhulumeni kuleli zwe, aba maningi yayo kahle zezombusazwe imiqondo ezifana idimokhrasi kanye nokuhlonishwa liberalism.
• Emazweni athuthukile ukuchitha imali isabelomali, hhayi ukugxila isimo langempela emnothweni. Ithi ngolimi olulula "alukho ezinakho." Lapho ithuthukiswe ezweni ubhekwa, aba maningi izikweletu ngaphandle kulona.
• Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okuhambisana ngokugcwele ukukhula yesikweletu. Izinqubo kukhona kuqondane and kakhulu ezifanayo.

izibalo Strange, noma ukuthi libonisa izikweletu sangaphandle emhlabeni

Kokuma ngenhla kusukela ochwepheshe ukushicilelwa "Spiegel" kuqinisekiswa isimo ezingokoqobo emhlabeni. Cabanga imifelandawonye ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho, "Big Seven" ngemcondvo, ihlanganisa emnothweni lamazwe ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma siqhathanisa GDP futhi the debt umphakathi lamazwe lolu mbimbi, singabona izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• United Kingdom - nenani izikweletu oluhambisana 92% we-GDP.
• Germany - 72%.
• Canada - 86%.
• Italy - 139%.
• USA - 109,9%
• France - 98%.
• Japan - 234%.

Ukuqhathanisa lezi izibalo imifanekiso uthi okuqondene "-BRICS", ochwepheshe ukwenza eziphethweni eziqinisekile. Ngakho, i-Russia (9% we-GDP), Brazil (65% we-GDP), China (31% we-GDP) futhi South Africa (50% we-GDP) sibheke isizinda abaholi bezwe ngaphezulu "impilo nezomnotho". Lapha kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi "Big Seven" kusho ukuphila kwabantu okungenani 0.5 bhiliyoni ngubani kudle izikhathi eziningi izimpahla eziningi kanye nezinsiza kuka oda zabantu 3 billion endaweni "-BRICS".

Yini ukuhlaziya isimo 2015?

izikweletu zomphakathi lamazwe emhlabeni esikhathini sangempela ukuhlola eziyinkinga, njengoba idatha esemthethweni izokwethulwa ngasekupheleni 2015. Kulinganiselwa kwangaphambilini, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhula izikweletu maqondana isimo somnotho emhlabeni uyaqhubeka aphosekile, ngezinye inkonzo yabo kulo nyaka uzobe esichithwa oda 6.3% ngaphezulu. Abameleli beNdikimba ejensi zeBloomberg, babike ukuthi uthi esiqine izwe ngenkuthalo refinancing izikweletu zabo ngezithukuthuku kucutshungulwa loans ezintsha kusuka IMF. Emithonjeni esemthethweni yabe seyaziwa ukuthi ekupheleni 2015 izwe "-BRICS" futhi isimo "Big Seven" kufanele abuyisele kwezikweleti inani 6,96 izindodla zezimali. Zomhlaba imicabango yabantu ochwepheshe umnotho 'ungezwakala ngokuqondene nalokho 2015 abe nomusa, futhi ubukhulu izikweletu buzoba buncane kunalokho kulesigaba kubonakala sinesimo sengqondo ngiyaphupha.