Uphi Mausoleum Kotovskogo?

isakhamuzi ngasinye isiRashiya, futhi ikakhulukazi abantu abadala elithi "Mausoleum" lihlotshaniswa isakhiwo egwadle Red Square, okuyinto ugcina mummy ka Lenin. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi kusenabantu mausoleums ezimbili. Iqiniso liwukuthi e Winery, futhi endaweni yokungcwaba udokotela ohlinzayo abadumile Russian N. I. Pirogova, ayikaziwa, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi kukhona Mausoleum Kotovskogo - lomphangi ngubani ayevinjiwe yonke eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia, kodwa wayaziwa kakhulu njengomfundisi hero of the Kwaqubuka impi yombango, bambalwa bayazi.

Robin Gud bevela eBessarabia

Kotovskogo Mausoleum Yakhiwa ngokushesha ngemva kokubulawa kwakhe ngo-August 1925. Ubugebengu obenziwe, umnikazi owayeyinhloko omunye sezifebe eqolo Odessa, Zayder Ngini. Ngezimo icala futhi ukusabela okwalandela iziphathimandla kwaphakamisa imibuzo eminingi, izimpendulo okuyizinto akunakwenzeka ukuba kutholakale. Nokho, izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Kotovskiy Grigoriy Ivanovich, ogama Mausoleum ingenye ezintathu, elakhiwa e-USSR, yazalwa ngo-1881 emndenini abasesigabeni esiphakathi, abahlala edolobhaneni Gancheshty eBessarabia. Kusukela ebuntwaneni namaqhawe akhe abe amaqhawe amabhuku mayelana abaphangi ezihloniphekayo, eyisikhulu phakathi okwakukhona Robin Gud. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini umbono yezikhulu, wafunda ukufunda, kodwa njengoba nomphangi, i-kwakwakhiwa futhi zinesibindi, uGregory ngokushesha abadumile kulo eBessarabia.

Kotovsky kwaba eko yami, uma engabophi kuqala wabekwa icala ekwakheni imibhalo futhi imali. Wanted ngamaphoyisa, yena iyazula, eziziphilisa ukweba encane, kwaze kwathi ekugcineni akuyona bajwayelane SRS-amaphekula, ukuze ubuyise imali party komhlaba kusukela ocebile zendawo, ngamanye amazwi, waziphatha kuphangwa nezisobala. Leyo misebenzi ewonke zivumelana umqondo wakhe ukuphila kwakhe okuphelele.

band yabo entsha ayitholile

Maduze, ngemuva yokugcina yosuku Robin Guda eziningi izigodi aphanga futhi ashisa, futhi kwathiwa wafuna njengeselelesi kuyingozi ngokukhethekile, ikhanda lakhe eyakhipha umvuzo. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa Kotovskij obeqeqesha yakhe ababehamba-mbuso futhi bahlangana lezigebengu thugs yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, kuphangwa uyaqhubeka manje ngaphandle ngemuva zezombusazwe.

Akwaziwa uma kukhona ephuma izimayini igenge ngeshwa nabahluphekile, kokubili ezincwadini mayelana Robin Gude, kodwa isikhulu futhi eseduze bakhe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi baba Ezivamile engcono Odessa zokudlela nasezindaweni zobufebe.

ngivalelwe

Nokho gangster injabulo variable, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana Kotovsky kuyinto ejele owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala. Kunemibiko ukuthi waboshwa ithiphu elalivela ezweni elaliyiCzechoslovakia abangane-SRS yakhe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkantolo izama ukudlala kusuka Kotovsky yena walilwela abangabodwana abalwela ubulungiswa bezenhlalo, owawungumnyaka okudume kakhulu leyo minyaka, wagwetshwa zabasebenzi engamashumi amabili 'kanzima. Ngaphambi kokuthumela enkundleni Gregory kwenza Ukuphunyuka kwakwakhiwa ejele Kishinev uyaphinda wonkana, kodwa isikhathi esifushane - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva waboshwa futhi wathumela ngamaketanga kuya enyakatho yeRussia.

Ngakusasa iminyaka eyishumi ukuphila eligadulayo yakhe Raider oqhubeka ukwakhiwa lase-Amur ujantshi nezimayini promorzlyh Nerchinsk okwami. Lapha buthola ukuthembeka e eHayidese ezizungezile futhi ingxenye elite yayo - nesela umthetho. Lokhu kufakazelwa tattoo isici libhalwe Isivalo futhi uqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila. Okungagunyaziwe isicelo yayo izigebengu imithetho ezifanelwe yisigwebo sokufa.

Inkosi eHayidese

Ngo-1913, Kotovsky, kwashona onogada ababili, ephunyuka emayini. Lesi sikhathi ukubamba lo mbaleki akunakwenzeka, futhi kungakabiphi wayeseya liphinde likhulume ngoBharuki Odessa, lapho aba khona enye yamakhosi wezwe lemimoya. igenge yakhe ababaphangayo Odessa abacebile owenza lokho namuhla okubizwa ngokuthi yethenisi - intela ukuze abeke osomabhizinisi bendawo.

Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, uGregory bashintsha indlela. Ufika ingqondo yami iphuzu elula ezinhle - kuka ukuba nenkinga kusuka amaphoyisa, kungcono ukwabelana ngempango ne ababheki oda futhi buthule benze umsebenzi wabo. Kusukela manje, ngokusemthethweni, ubefunwa, wayehlala obala engcono Odessa amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela ukuvakashela ngokukhululekile.

Lesi sici sokuhlakanipha imisebenzi yakhe njalo ukuyiveza ngu wokuphila Soviet njalo udalula Kotovskogo e indima iqhawe ongenabugovu Robin Guda, okuyinto Waphupha njengoba ingane ukulingisa. Kodwa amaqiniso zaziwa - yizinto nenkani, futhi imiqulu eminingi ezikhishwe ngesikhathi ukulungiswa, bavunyelwe bahlole ngomfanekiso wakhe.

ukufa ugunyaza

Kodwa ake awutholi ahlangahlangene. Eminyakeni emithathu Bandit sikufisela inhlanhla, noma, ngolimi lwabo - "Fartagh" iphelile ukuboshwa nhlobo. Ngo-1916, lapho zineminyaka kweMpi Yezwe I, futhi amandla e-Odessa okungewakho Jikelele Brusilov - indoda kanzima futhi ngeke onakaliswe, Kotovsky waboshwa futhi isinqumo enkantolo ugwetshwe alengiswe. Kodwa injabulo akuzange kuyishintshe lapha - ngesikhathi sokugcina isigwebo sokufa saba ukudilikelwa ijele.

obomvu umkhuzi

A esigabeni esisha emphilweni recidivist lukhuni kuba ukuqala kulwiwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emva kwempi Februwari badedelwa zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe, izigebengu ababesejele, futhi zihambe, zikhululeke, Kotovsky ucele amthume phambi. Sanelise isicelo, kungakabiphi wayengasakwazi isosha Red Army, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - kanye induna lamabutho. Encwadini kusengaphambili okusheshayo enjalo iye eyayiphazamisa ikhono lakhe linqobe abanye futhi abanike. Ngeke ehlisiwe njengoba isibindi nokungapheleli esakuzuza isibindi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi kulwiwa, iziphathimandla e-Odessa izikhathi eziningi washintsha futhi sekudlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi Kotovsky, hlalani emzini, athumba ezimhlophe, kwadingeka abaleke, futhi wachitha izinsuku eziningana ukufihla kwelinye yezifebe zikanokusho Odessa, umnikazi wazo kwaba umbulali wakhe esikhathini esizayo Zayder Ngini. Ukushiya enjalo isiphephelo engavamile Kotovskij asithembisa isikhathi ukubonga umkhululi wakhe. Futhi icala ngeminyaka embalwa nje ethulwa.

Race for amandla

Kulwiwa sesiphelile, futhi ekupheleni kuka-December 1922 kumephu izwe livele isimo enkulu - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Ubani washona eminyakeni emibili kamuva uLenin salandelwa Stalin ngesikhathi inhloko kahulumeni. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lapho iqala umzabalazo ekufuneni emakamu ezandleni zakhe zonke amandla futhi aqede labo bayakwazi ancintisane nayo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, abamele umyalo ephakeme yempi.

Phakathi nalezo ukukhathazeka esithile lo mholi, babe izinduna njengoba M. V Frunze, M. N. Tuhachevsky, G. K. Ordzhonikidze, futhi-ke, GI Kotovsky, owanqoba i idumela okungavamile phakathi iRed Army phakathi neminyaka empini yokugcina kanye civil izakhamuzi zakhona ezabelwe abakhululiwe kubo. Kuyo Stalin wabona imbangi yakhe ezingaba, okuyinto zazilingana ngemvume isigwebo sentambo usesimweni esifana.

Inkontileka ukubulala

Ngemva kulwiwa nokumiswa amandla zaseSoviet Odessa zonke izikhungo wokudla zavalwa, kuhlanganise sezifebe Zaydera Ngini. Ukuba abalahlekelwe yinzuzo, waphenduka usizo ukuze Kotovsky, owayebizwa kanye abalamacala kuye ukuze zithole insindiso, futhi wayebe indoda enamandla kakhulu. Abafisa ukuba abuyisele kuhle kuhle, wase enika umngani wakhe omdala induna Ukuvikelwa wefektri ushukela, lapho, ngokusho kwabanye, usenikeze, noma njengoba besho - etshaliwe baphanga e amagugu esidlule.

Ukuzama siqonde lokho okwenzeka ebusuku Agasti 6, 1925, ngesikhathi inhlamvu Ngini kabuhlungu uqede impilo edume Corps Commander, abacwaningi wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi kwaba lutho ngaphandle kubulawa inkontileka, umhleli okwakunzima Stalin, umculi - Zayder Ngini. Akwaziwa ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ukumenza ukuba enze ubugebengu, kodwa kusobala ukuthi wayengomunye walaba ezimbalwa ezazivunyelwe ukuba ngikhululeke ukukhuluma lo Kotovsky, njalo ngaphansi kweso. Ukweseka lokhu version eziningi amaqiniso.

Kuyamangalisa, okwamanje lezi ziyingi uhulumeni cishe indiva ukufa lowo wayethandwa izigidi zabantu futhi kwaba esinye izinduna ezinethonya kunazo. kuphela "Iqiniso" iphephandaba ezizinikezele zonke ukuphrinta abezindaba wezwe imigqa embalwa kwalo mcimbi, futhi kwaba umgoqo sikhulume Kotovsk eminyakeni ezayo. Umbulali ngokushesha uboshwe uqobo lwakhe, zazama, kodwa ngokuphambene ukulindela ethandwa waphunyuka iminyaka eyishumi ejele, kodwa wadedelwa eziphatha kahle emva kweminyaka emithathu. Ezweni lapho kuphela esingu ngesisekelo izinsolo itulo ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, eqinisweni, ukuthethelela mbulali sikahulumeni esivelele. Nokho, esikhathini esingeside wahlala. kotovtsy Owabe wamthola futhi zibulawa ngesihluku.

Indawo lapho wangcwatshwa Kotovskij

Esikhathini Mausoleum ku Red Square ngonyaka waphumula mummy ka Lenin, futhi phezulu anqume nokugqumisa Kotovskogo - isipiliyoni ezinhle lapho. Ngakusasa esephuma iqembu dolobha ukubulala, eliholwa Prof. Vorobyov, ngubani ngonyaka odlule kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni akavumanga nendikimba umholi, bese eqala prodelyvat le manipulations okufanayo izinsalela edume Corps Commander. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eduze Odessa edolobhaneni Birzula Mausoleum ngokuxhamazela esakhiwe Kotovskogo lapho futhi ibekwe mummy wakhe bamgqumisa. Sami emngcwabeni waphenduka ngaleso sikhathi esandla kubabhikishi kazwelonke.

Birzula isigodi, Mausoleum Kotovskogo wamiswa ngokushesha ngemva komngcwabo hero iqanjwe kabusha Kotovsk. It yaba indawo yezimpi Folk imikhosi ezihlobene emikhosini ezisemthethweni Soviet. Njengoba ngokuvamile iye oluphethwe ukubonakaliswa abasebenzi futhi emcimbini lamaphayona ezinganeni zabo. Yiqiniso, Grigoriya Kotovskogo Mausoleum ngokushesha ivaliwe, futhi ukuvuma singavuselelwe ke.

neminyaka yempi

Ngo-1941, amaJalimane ehlasela Kotovsk. Mausoleum ka G. I. Kotovskogo abababhapathizela ibhujisiwe, futhi umzimba nje ziyalahlwa. Ngemva kokukhululwa, kwakukhona imibiko izakhamuzi zendawo baye bathola phakathi izinsalela elahliwe emhosheni esingu yilabo abahlala kwalesi sigodi okwakungokwenkosi iqhawe bese uyawagcina kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi. Ingabe kuyiqiniso, akwaziwa, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi Kotovskogo umzimba Mausoleum, elakhiwa kabusha ngemva kwempi - lena izinsalela ezitholakele bakule ndawo.

Mausoleum ikhiyiwe

Mausoleum Kotovskogo isithombe sokuthi ubizwa okusesihlokweni esithi, elamiswa ngo-1965, elaklanywa wezakhiwo Protsenko. Ngaphakathi ibekwe zasendlini zinc lomngcwabo nge window encane. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, langempela uma sikubeka kahle, isithombe kuyadida we ndoda indawo isitayela sokuphrinta Folk iqhawe elenziwa inkulumo-ze-Soviet. Kotovskogo le Mausoleum uqobo lapho lomngcwabo ngomzimba wakhe, avala kuze kube yilolu suku.