Usimende Aluminous: Ukwakheka, izici, isicelo

Omunye kudingekile kakhulu futhi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni usimende. Isetshenziselwa womshini asbestos-usimende, ukhonkolo kanye kwagcizelela izakhi ukhonkolo, izigqulo. Ngu usimende ehloselwe kuneqembu labasebenzi wokubacindezela esibophezelayo, zazo ingxenye isizinda kukhona akhiwa aluminates futhi silicates phakathi ukucutshungulwa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu futhi sehliselwe ukuncibilika okuphelele noma okuyingxenye.

Izici ukwakheka

Isetshenziswa njengesici impahla eluhlaza limestone okumsulwa kanye bauxite. I yamuva ayizona edwaleni, lapho yakhiwa ukungcola kanye hydrates. Bauxite yazuza okwandile emkhakheni ezimbonini ukwenziwa adsorbents, Refractories, aluminium nabanye.

usimende aluminous kuyahluka predominance Odnokaltsievy aluminate clinker lichaza ekwakheni, sokunquma izici eyinhloko isibopho. Futhi iqukethe gehlenite njengezinto zokulinganisa isisindo ukungcola kanye dicalcium silicate, isici okuyinto ukuqina kancane.

Lapho exutshwe namanzi uqala hydrate aluminate Odnokaltsievy. Izinto akhiwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhonza njengengxenye impahla eqina. Inwebisa usimende iqala ukusetha emva kwemizuzu 45-60, a solidification ephelele kwenzeka ngemva kwamahora angu-10. Singakwazi yini ukushintsha kwesikhathi kulungiselelwa, ukwengeza accelerators (Gypsum, lime), noma retarders (calcium chloride, boric acid).

izici

usimende Aluminous kuyinto ikhono ongaphakeme ukuze deform, njengoba ukwakha itshe has a isakhiwo indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona amanzi amaningi monoaluminate cubic kuholele ekulahlekelweni mass kumiswa.

Isici ngokuba impahla ibuyisela semali ukushisa okwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa wokuqala ukuqina. Lesi sici ewusizo lapho befeza umsebenzi ukhonkolo ebusika, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa ibanga ukusetshenziswa ngenxa izakhiwo okukhulu.

Inwebisa usimende wenza alumina, ibhekisela inani ngezinto ezingashi. Isetshenziselwa kumiswa refractory hydraulically solidifying izixazululo ngokuhlanganyela lezi zingxenye refractory njengoba chamotte, itshe-nsimbi, Magnesite.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esiphawuleka iyona itshe usimende nge namandla high, inquma ukumelana abalulekile ngokumelene amafutha, acid, amanzi olwandle.

Lokhu kwaziswa uyakwazi ukuthola nasekwenzeni ukhonkolo nge baphikisana kakhulu ukuba umswakama kanye kwabantu. Kodwa ekuthanda ukucekeleka phansi okusheshayo ngaphansi kwethonya nosawoti alikhali futhi ammonium.

ukukhiqizwa

usimende Aluminous is oluqanjwe izindlela ezimbili: by calcining phambi sintering futhi encibilika batch eluhlaza. Ukuze indlela wesibili kudinga ukulungiswa icala, ukuncibilika kulandele Ukuphola, ichoboza futhi igaya. Umshini omiswe indlela ebonakala izingxenye zokuqala, ukugaya esihle futhi ukuxuba kuze kube homogenizing iyunifomu, bese granulated noma ingxube oluyimpuphu waxoshwa e amaziko ezinhlobo ezehlukene. Ngemva kokusebenza selehlile futhi ziyacolwa.

Usimende Stone ozuza amandla kancane nge okwandisa solidification lokushisa ngenxa recrystallization hydroaluminate. Ngakho-ke wenza imikhiqizo kungukuthi ngaphansi autoclave ukwelashwa futhi kushunqe.

Ngaphansi ukuqina olunzulu kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Uma mass selehlile amagugu ezimbi kungaba cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba elaphe ngamanzi, zidinge ukunakekelwa kwezimiso lokushisa efanelekayo.

aluminous izinhlobo usimende

Kukhona 2 izinhlobo impahla: ejwayelekile futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu alumina usimende. Ezimisele uphawu ngosuku lwesithathu ngemva ukukhiqizwa amasampula. Banikezwe eziphezulu kanye nokuntuleka usimende impahla eluhlaza yaqaphela umthamo elincane. Indaba powder esihle omnyama, onsundu noma aluhlaza ngombala. Usimende, usimende aluminous, ogama intengo kuqala ruble 40 kg, igcwele izigubhu kanye izikhwama 50 kg. Ikhono ngokushesha uthele amanzi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu.

isicelo

Isetshenziselwa obumba kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo lapho ukhonkolo ingafika amandla design ezinsukwini 1, 2 noma 7, futhi ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo komhlaba kanye naphesheya kwezilwandle ezidinga sulphate okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kuyaphawuleka nekusebenta okusezingeni eliphezulu ekululameni kwezingane amabhuloho futhi izakhiwo, ukwakheka okusheshayo izisekelo izimoto futhi usigcine umonakalo e ezokuthutha zasolwandle.

Aluminous usimende GC 40 ithole isicelo yayo kudalwa ekwandiseni izingoma - kuba non-zincipha manzi, ukunwetshwa manzi ekwandiseni usimende, ukhonkolo aluminous.

Izici ewusizo

Aluminous usimende isibopho kuyinto into okuqinile, futhi esetshenziselwa ukushisa ukumelana ezigqulweni, lapho solidification okusheshayo e emoyeni futhi emanzini. Lakhiwa esebenzisa esihle ukugaya ingxube eluhlaza nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu alumina bashisela fusing noma sintering. Labadubuli Kwenziwa namuhla ngokuyinhloko kagesi noma esithandweni kuqhuma esimweni ukuncibilika. Akubalulekile endaweni ukugaya eqinile izithako ebomvu, unekhono ukususa Silica nensimbi.

Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo aluminous usimende lidlulisele anda ukumelana zezakhi isitashi, nosawoti, acidosis acid, isibabule ukwandisa ukumelana lokushisa afika ku 1700 degrees.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela lamanzi esiphethu kuyehla ngenxa ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento kumiswa calcium hydrate by ukusabela nge naphakathi aqueous. Ukumelana sulfate ukugqwala etholwe ngenxa ukungabi hydroaluminate tricalcium hlobo. Usimende wadalula adle endaweni ane-alikhali, isixazululo kanzulu of magnesium sulfate kanye nabezindaba asebenzayo ene-asidi.