Ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla

Lapho amandla kanzulu kakhulu izandla esifanayo, njalo esongela ukuvela wobushiqela, yisihluku, ubudlova nokungabi namthetho. uthi anamuhla emagatsheni awo amathathu: esiphezulu, yokushaya imithetho kanye zokwahlulela. Kuze kube yimanje, ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla - owaziwa zonke kuyinsakavukela kunoma yiliphi izwe nge umbuso wentando yeningi. Kuyinto imfuneko ukuthuthukiswa yimpumelelo yezwe. Nokho, lesi simiso ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla umkhuba nokubusa ayizange njalo ayekhona.

Ngakho, amaGreki asendulo, imisebenzi yazo zonke amagatsha amathathu sihlanganise umhlangano Athens. Kodwa emuva eNkathini Ephakathi, ukuphathwa isimo sabiwa phakathi kwenkosi, abefundisi ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela. Lapho le nkosi wafuna ukuba agxilise amandla ezandleni zakhe ngokuphelele, kwaphakama absolutism (isibonelo, zingakhiqiza France futhi Russia). Kodwa ababusi namakhosi ayikwazanga usebenze ngokukhululekile ngaphandle ezezimali. Ukuze uthole kubo, anda izintela wabiza LoMhlangano zasebukhosini. Ngakho, izicukuthwane ukuze athole imali ukuba angenelele odabeni Inqubomgomo yenkosi. Izishayamthetho uvele (iphalamende, Riksdag, United-Jikelele), okuyinto kancane kancane anda amandla abo. Ngokushesha kwafika ezingeni ukuthi amakhosi aqala udinga ukwesekwa yabo ukuze afeze ezinye izinguquko nokunye. N.

Ngesinye isikhathi, izazi zefilosofi ezifana uVoltaire, Lakho noTomase Jefferson, wathi lokusho kutsi hulumende kufanele nakanjani kube bafeza ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla ku amagatsha amathathu futhi ngamunye kubo kuyoba ukulingana, uqukethe nokulawula abanye. Kuphela ezimweni ezinjalo lizwe ingaqala ngokukhululekile.

Kanjani division of amandla mkhuba ngayo embusweni zanamuhla?

1. legatsha zomthetho iyona ePhalamende. Ubizwa okhethwe ivoti eliyimfihlo, sibonga ukuqaliswa lutholakala ngokulinganayo kubo bonke yomthetho lokhetho. Ngokuvamile ePhalamende siqukethe kwamakamelo yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Kumiswa yokugcina emazweni ahlukahlukene zihlukile. A endlini ephansi usuphothuliwe ngevoti wabazokwazi, okungukuthi, ukhetho oqondile. Ngokusho isinqumo iqembu iningi noma ngenxa yesivumelwano yayo nge ukuphikiswa ukuba ahole isikhulumi ephalamende likhethwa - usihlalo we egumbini elingaphansi. amandla ayo lungasisiza futhi ukuba substituents nomzimba ngokuhlanganyela. Isilawuli umsebenzi ukuxhumanisa amakhonishani amakomiti ePhalamende, uletha enkundleni ngamazwe, kule mpikiswano isiqondiso ezivukayo ngokuhamba emihlanganweni.

2. Amandla wokuphatha igatsha likahulumeni. It iholwa noma ngumengameli welive nome ndvunankhulu. Uhola eziningana ejensi esiphezulu: Kuphatsa, zezinkonzo kanye iminyango ehlukahlukene. Ngqongqotshe has njalo baxhumana sishayamtsetfo, njengoba umuntu umele ke, izenzo zabo kumele silawule nomthethosisekelo. Insimbi eyinhloko ukulawula imisebenzi egatsheni - ilungelo bamangalela abantu izikhulu zikahulumeni, uma kwenzeka umonakalo ezweni lakubo.

On the division samandla yesimanje isimo ithonya kanye nokuphikiswa, ongagcini futhi izenzo ngaphakathi komthetho. nabaholi bayo ukunikeza ukuhlolwa ezibucayi sezinqumo namadokhumenti iKhabhinethi uhulumeni. Bona igcizelele ukubusa ngentando yeningi labantu emikhankasweni yezombusazwe.

3. Igunya zokwahlulela. Linikeza semthethweni amagatsha ezimbili zokuqala. Kuze kube yimanje, ezidalwe iNkantolo Ephakeme noma igunya elifanayo, okuyinto wenza kokuqondisa phezu ukugujwa kokuthwasa uMthethosisekelo kanye nemithetho ehambisana of imithetho neyokuphatha.

Ngakho, kuyaqondakala ukuthi lapho isimo eyenziwa division of amandla ku amagatsha amathathu, isigungu, izikhungo zomthetho zokwahlulela, ngokuba ezimele nomunye zilawulwa, kanjalo uvimbele ukudala ezinye noma yimuphi umzamo kabi isikhundla.