Uyini Central uMnyango Isitolo? sokuqonda izifinyezo

Kusho ukuthini TSUM (okulotshiweyo izifinyezo), e kwamaSoviet, wonke umuntu wayazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingxenye yase-USSR, waphila. Phela, leli gama, kanye gum, ngenkani kwezinto kwakufana umthengi oyipharadesi, lapho kungenzeka ukuthenga konke. Njengoba indaba savela cum futhi kwenzekani kuye namuhla?

Uyini Isitolo somnyango

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo ukuthi kushiwoni lezincwadi ezintathu.

Incazelo esemthethweni elithi "cum" - central umnyango esitolo. Lesi sihloko ingenye izikhungo yezitolo ngobukhulu emlandweni amaSoviet nasemakamu yesimanje Russian Federation, elise ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ul. Petrovka kanye Theatre Square e Moscow.

Inani yokuthengisa endaweni lesikhungo (kuncike phansi) - 69 amakhilomitha square, okuyinto namuhla kwenza cum omunye enkulu eziyinxanxathela e-Europe, futhi emhlabeni wonke.

Futhi, kukhona enye incazelo yegama elithi "cum" - uMnyango emaphakathi eMoscow. Lesi Sikhungo esivame ukubizwa izivakashi esitolo, yena ngasosonke isikhathi ukhona kwakheka abathengi ngobuningi. Nokho, lokhu okulotshiweyo akuyona ngokuphelele weqiniso, ngoba kusukela kwethulwa ushingamu ingabe ubulokhu kubhekwe main ukuyothenga Luhambo eMoscow.

Umlando we-Isitolo uMnyango Central phambi 1917

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo Iqiniso lokuthi Central uMnyango Isitolo, kuwufanele ekutholeni ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nomlando wayo, ngoba ngezikhathi zayo ezahlukene, wayehlale e spotlight.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX. eMbusweni Russian kwakungekho izikhungo yezitolo ukuqonda namuhla zabo. Abampofu abasesigabeni esiphakathi merchandised ezitolo, ezimakethe noma ezitolo ezincane ezikhethekile, ngenkathi abameleli izimpahla abacebile elite wenza oda, noma amazwe ezazivela ngaphandle.

Ngo-1857 e eRussia, befika 2 usomabhizinisi Scottish - Endryu Myur futhi Archibald Meriliz. Ukuyohlala ezweni elisha, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva osomabhizinisi wavula athole izinto zokuthunga encane.

Izinto kufanele labadla ngayo "Myur futhi Meriliz" angabacwasi ngokushesha wenyukela entabeni, osomabhizinisi waqala kancane kancane bandise amabhizinisi ayo, ukuyivula ngaphezulu neminyango ngaphezulu. Uze esiphethweni sokuthi kubalulekile ukuvula siqu-stop shopping centre, futhi ngempela benza kanjalo.

By 1888-1889 biennium. stop shop "Myur futhi Meriliz" ukusebenza ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele futhi kakade wazakhela idumela elihle kakhulu. Lapha ungakwazi ukuthenga akubizi (for the middle class), imikhiqizo ephezulu, angaphandle hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi abakhiqizi isiRashiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona uhlelo esitolo ukubuya noma ngempahla, kanye kwezidingo, okungase ukuthumela ukuthengwa, ngisho emadolobheni angomakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhathini esizayo TSUM kukhicite ikhathalogi yangezinkathi ezithile, okungase odwa ngeposi.

Nokho, impumelelo "Myur futhi Meriliz" Awukwazi kodwa ukuvusa nomona osomabhizinisi ayiphumeleli kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesiko ubudala Russian, izimbangi kabili wazama bashise isitolo sokuma okukodwa of Scots (1892 no 1900). Kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi lokhu ngandlela-thile ezihlobene "inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela Upper Ukuhweba Imigqa ku Red Square e Moscow" (gum esizayo), ngaleso sikhathi nje ukuhlela bebodwa shopping centre.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo namaqhinga izimbangi, Muir futhi Meriliz ngesikhathi esifushane hhayi kuphela bakwazi kabusha esitolo sakhe, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa yaba omkhulu indaba nesikhombisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto eyaba okungcono eMoscow zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. ubuhle bayo, induduzo isicwebezelisi yabakhanga ngokuphelele nayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi. izakhamuzi acebile angene 'futhi Myur Meriliz "ukuthenga okuthile, futhi labo ukuthi ngeke sikwazi ukulithenga, baye bavakashela esitolo, efana lo mbukiso okunethezeka.

UMnyango Store ngesikhathi Soviet inkathi yangaphambi impi

Ngemva inguquko kanye nokufika amandla Soviet yezitolo "Myur futhi Meriliz" wawungowokuzithandela futhi bayiswa ngenkani emakamu ubunikazi isimo, futhi ngo-1922 waba iqanjwe kabusha ngokusemthethweni Mostorg yavula esimweni zemikhosi.

Nokho, ukuze ubukhulu zangaphambili "Myur futhi Meriliz" Mostorg (okuyinto ngokushesha kabusha cum) ukubambelela wehluleka. Ikhwalithi yezimpahla kanye namasevisi kakhulu kunabayeni kwesikhathi pre-wamavukelambuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvula ngonyaka ozayo gum phathelana isebangeni njengoba umnyango eyinhloko yezwe. Phela, lo incazelo yaleli zwi "gum" futhi "cum" kuyafana: State Department Store kanye Central uMnyango Isitolo. Nakuba uhulumeni eye yavusa ukuthuthukiswa TSUM futhi gum, kwamuva ayethanda: lalihlelekile futhi siqu lokuthunga studio futhi zimbalwa izimpahla basakaza lapha manje. Kodwa TSUM (okulotshiweyo izifinyezo ngenhla) Manje bonke kwakudingeka kube wesibili.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, esitolo namanje esichumayo. By the way, kwaba phakathi imikhiqizo liqala ukunikeza abasebenzi credit.

Kusukela 1933 Central uMnyango Isitolo, okokuqala e-USSR, waqala ukudayisa izimpahla okunethezeka ngamanani aphezulu.

Cum phakathi nangemva kwempi

Nokho, esitolo azange abe umbukiso eside - yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Phakathi nale nkathi, isikhundla Central uMnyango Isitolo ishintshile. Manje izibuya layo elingenhla yaphendulwa emabhalekisini. Futhi phansi baqhubeka ukuthengisa izimpahla, kodwa kuphela abasebenzi kanye kuphela amakhadi. Lolu hlelo waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi.

Ngemuva kokuwina umsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele esitolo mnyango libuyiselwe ku esikhathini esifishane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zamakhasimende we-Central Department Store ukulondoloza ingxenye izimboni kweSoviet futhi izitshalo okwakufanele unikeze inombolo ezanele esitolo izimpahla.

Ngeshwa, izinga izimpahla usufinyelele, njengoba igunya main kwaba yinani lazo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo, namafemu ngokuvamile ukudedela imikhiqizo izinga ezinjengendle, futhi abathengi ngenxa yokuntula okugcono baye baphoqeleka ukuba uthathe, okungukuthi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuye kwadingeka ukuba alinde isikhathi eside kulayini.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, Central uMnyango Isitolo angathengwa futhi izimpahla angaphandle. Nokho, kwaba inhlanhla ezingavamile kakhulu futhi amazing. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze yenze uhlelo yokuthengisa, izimpahla ayivela kancane futhi amazwe ukubeka ngqo isendalini ekupheleni kwenyanga noma ngaphambi amaholide ezibalulekile.

Eminyakeni 70-80. esitolo kwaqala inkathi of zokucwaninga. Ukuze nokwandisa umsebenzi ,, yethulwa uhlelo self-service, kanye lula izindlela zokukhokhelana.

Izinsalela kweSoviet Union

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union cum wayeqhubeka ephila, kodwa kudingeka ukuzivumelanisa umnotho emakethe. Kuze kube yimanje, ngo-1992-ke aphenduka inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela. ithenda wezizwe kwenziwe eminyakeni embalwa ukuthola zimali kanye eguquliwe isakhiwo umnyango esitolo.

Owinile kwaba nkampani German kokwakhuwa Einrichtung GmbH, ngemizamo endaweni sales anda cum. Isitolo sashintshwa. Laqedwa izitebhisi eyengeziwe kanye yokupaka izimoto, zommbila ezifakiwe. Futhi, uhlelo ibilokhu eliphezulu isevisi kanye yokukhokha. Futhi ngo-1997, TSUM wabonakala abathengi endaweni, indlela entsha zanamuhla.

cum namuhla

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo yokuthi cum enjalo, futhi uhlole umlando wayo, usazise ukuthi izinto kule esitolo zinto engizenza namuhla.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-kowezi-2000 abaphathi besikhungo yezitolo yabusa Mercury. Ngenxa isinyathelo sakhe namuhla ukuthi Central uMnyango Isitolo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwezwe. Manje insimu yalo akuzona izitolo kuphela, kodwa kwamvulela 3 amathilomu, ezomile yokuhlanza kanye beauty salon.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, TSUM zanamuhla ngenkuthalo ahileleke ukuzwana nabantu. It elibamba art, isithombe videovystavki futhi esiza abantulayo izenzakalo.

Kodwa kukhona lesi sitolo jikelele kanye nobubi obuthile. Lezi zilimi zazihlanganisa ngaso sonke isikhathi kahle ezicatshangwe isikhangiso ngaphakathi Central uMnyango Isitolo. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso amahlazo eziningana. Ngenhlanhla, ukuyothenga ukuphathwa isikhungo zezwa amakhasimende ukuhlangabezana izicelo zabo.