Uyini izakhiwo computer?

Noma ubani inqume ukuhlola kudivayisi yekhompuyutha, qiniseka nendinyana elithi "ikhompyutha izakhiwo". Qedela nenchazelo ayikwazi enikeziwe ngoba umqondo generalized kakhulu futhi omunye ubona kusukela umbono imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, kwelinye icala, lapho echaza ngokukhethekile ingxenye software (umyalo, usomqulu, inkumbulo), kanye nezinye - ihadiwe ezakha izingxenye kudivayisi futhi indlela yabo wokubambisana. Njengoba umnikazi ikhompyutha isilinganiso unesithakazelo kakhulu izesekeli, hhayi amaqembu, thina-ke cabanga umbuzo kulolu hlangothi.

Ikhompyutha izakhiwo iyindlela ekuhleleni nokuxhumana yezingxenye ezakha ikhompyutha. Ukuze lula ukuqonda ingxenye echaza izici eyinhloko Izingxenye ezisemqoka.

Zonke amakhompyutha zanamuhla zisekelwe izimiso idatha ukucutshungulwa, ezihlongozwayo nguJohane von Neumann ngo-1946. Isici ehlukile indlela eyindilinga ukwenza noma iyiphi inqubo lapho operands nedatha ezibekwe okufanayo inkumbulo block. Phela, lokhu kusenza sibone ukuthi kungani i-computer izakhiwo von Neumann (Neumann) isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amakhompyutha zanamuhla. Nokho, kwenziwa imizamo ungasuki ke isikhathi eside.

Kodwa emuva kudivayisi ukuthi inquma ukubukeka izakhiwo ikhompyutha siqu. Nakuba imithombo eminingi isisekelo Computing umshini okuthiwa emaphakathi processing unit (CPU) Nokho, maqondana zakudala tangcondvomshini, lena debatable.

Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi ngokungaqondile esikuvumela ukuba ucacise okuyinto computer izakhiwo wasebenzisa umbadlana. It buhlanjululwe zokuxhumana line (ibhasi) phakathi zonke izingxenye, ezixhunywe ne umbadlana (kanye nomunye) esebenzisa nezixhumi nezimbobo. Azikho umbadlana jikelele, kusukela ngamunye wabo yakhelwe ukusebenza kanye nesigaba kahle ichazwe Processors.

I-CPU - icubungula core yonke ikhompyutha. Iqukethe chip enkulu nge izigidigidi transistors e obumba amabhlogo sokusebenza. Noma yimuphi esebenza ekukhishweni ohlelweni ngaphandle umsebenzisi iguqulwe (ngokuhunyushwa) ku ikhodi umshini futhi wabulawa phezu CPU. Ikhompyutha izakhiwo buvezwa uhlobo CPU.

Interface ibhasi, njengoba sekushiwo, ngokwenyama emelelwa zokuxhumana imigqa. Ngokuhambisana isignali ukudluliswa isiqondiso nokuxhumana inikeza:

• CPU kanye RAM amamojuli;
• phakathi izimbobo exhunywe kumadivayisi angaphandle kanye inkumbulo. Kukhona indlela evumela ingxenye izingxenye ukusebenza nge kwimemori yohlelo nge isilawuli ekhethekile, ngokudlula central processing unit;
• phakathi izimbobo we umbadlana futhi CPU.

RAM kuyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi idivayisi Computing, ngisho a wokubala elula. I transistors inkumbulo computer ukusebenza ngo chips soldered kuya ubakaki PCB ne eziningi ngokuhambisa oxhumana wethusi. strip ngalinye ufakwa ezifanele umbadlana isixhumi. CPU ekilasini uchaza isizukulwane asekelwe inkumbulo amamojuli. Ngokwesibonelo, uma Intel Core2Duo processor yakhelwe ukusebenza nge inkumbulo DDR2, Core okwalandela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa DDR3 kuphela.

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi ukusebenza, kukhona bahluke uhlobo inkumbulo. Uchazwa, okokuqala kunakho konke, idivayisi kazibuthe disk (HDD).

Ngaphezu yezingxenye yangaphakathi, kukhona inani elikhulu kumadivayisi angaphandle. sibonga kubo kuphela kungenzeka ukunikeza kwabantu imishini ukuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, qapha, igundane, ikhibhodi, touch screen, kanye isithwebuli, iphrinta, njll - zonke kumadivayisi angaphandle, ngaphandle lapho ikhompyutha babeyohlala ibhokisi lensimbi elula, into ngokwako.

Leli phepha inikeza kuphela ekuhlaziyeni izakhiwo computer. olunye ulwazi oluthe xaxa yezingxenye kungatholakala kuyi-Internet.