Inshokutsi lejulile yamagama - lena ... Iyini engokomfanekiso amazwi incazelo? Emagama lasetjentiswa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso

Ulimi ngumqondo yehlukene kaningi okubalwa futhi multi-functional. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona isimo sawo liyadingeka cabangela imibuzo eminingana ngokucophelela. Ngokwesibonelo, idivayisi nezilimi ubuhlobo izingxenye zesimiso yayo, ithonya izici zangaphandle nemisebenzi emphakathini wesintu.

Definition of nezincazelo engokomfanekiso

Kakade ekilasini esikoleni junior, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amazwi afanayo angasetshenziselwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ku inkulumo. Direct (main, main) Inani kukhulunywa ngaso khona, okuyinto kuhlobene nezinga iqiniso umgomo. It akuxhomekile umongo nokushiwo kuwumfuziselo. Isibonelo salokhu igama elithi "nciphisa". Kwezokwelapha, kusho ukuwa abukhali futhi okungazelelwe blood pressure, futhi kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi - ukusikwa okusheshayo inkanyezi ngaphansi kwethonya amandla adonsela phansi.

Inshokutsi lejulile yamagama - lena value abo yesibili. Kwenzeka lapho ukudluliswa abaqaphela isihloko iyiphi mkhuba kwenye ngenxa yokufana imisebenzi yabo, izici nokunye .. Isibonelo, "ukuwa" Kwakunjalo incazelo ngokomfanekiso kwegama elithi. Izibonelo ezihlobene nokuphila emphakathini. Ngakho, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso "nciphisa" kusho ukubhujiswa, wokugoqa lokubakhipha abantu ngenxa nesenzakalo esibucayi uhlelo.

definition yesayensi

Ngo yezilimi idluliselwe inshokutsi yemagama - kuba esuselwe yabo yesibili ehambisana anenani oyinhloko ehilela kwencika metonymic noma yimuphi izici associative. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ke Kusekelwe correlativity okunengqondo, kwendawo, yesikhashana kanye nezinye imiqondo.

Isicelo enkulumweni

Words nge incazelo ongokomfanekiso elisetshenziswa ukwetha imihlola, ezingenakho into evamile futhi njalo ukuze ubheke. Eza kanye nezinye imiqondo for inhlangano ukuthi kuyoba sobala izikhulumi.

Emagama lasetjentiswa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ungagcina izithombe. Ngokwesibonelo, innuendo angcolile noma imicabango engcolile. Amanani ezinjalo ezimise izichazamazwi. Lamagama ezahlukene kusukela abalobi yasungulwa nezingathekiso.
Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, uma kukhona ukudluliselwa amagugu, izithombe elahlekile. Izibonelo zihlanganisa amazwi anjengokuthi itjhubhu futhi bend igemfe iwashi umsila izaqathi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, attenuation kwenzeka ecabangelwayo lucebe amazwi incazelo.

Ukushintsha okushiwo umqondo

Ephathekayo value amazwi kungenziwa reserved ngoba noma isiphi isenzo, isici noma into. Ngenxa yalokho, it ludlulele ngaphakathi isigaba ezinkulu noma eziyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, emgogodleni wencwadi noma isibambo umnyango.

polysemy

Inshokutsi lejulile yamagama - into ngokuvamile ngenxa emagama abo. Kuchazwa ngolimi lwesayensi libizwa ngokuthi "polysemy". Ngokuvamile kukhona akukabikho zwi elilodwa lenani esitebeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenzisa ulimi, kuvame kuba nesidingo ukuqamba into entsha, okungadingi okwamanje notation lucebe. Kulokhu, basebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile kubo.

Imibuzo polisemii - lokhu ngokuvamile izinkinga lokuqoka. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhambisa izinto ungubani igama ezikhona. Nokho, akubona bonke ososayensi abavumelana. Ezinye zazo abavunyelwe engaphezu kweyodwa incazelo yegama elithi. Kunenye umbono. Ososayensi abaningi asekelwe umqondo wokuthi incazelo ongokomfanekiso yamagama - kuba nencazelo yawo lucebe, okuyinto waqaphela ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngokwesibonelo, sithi "utamatisi elibomvu". Njengoba lisetshenziswe lapha, sichasiso liyinani oqondile. "Red" kungenziwa akusho ngendoda. Kulokhu, kuyaqondakala ukuthi blushed futhi blushed. Ngakho, incazelo ongokomfanekiso Ungahlala zingachazwa ngokusebenzisa oqondile. Kodwa ukucacisa, kungani obomvu libizwa obomvu, yezilimi abangenakukwazi ukukunikeza. Vele igama esethiwa lona umbala.

I polysemy kukhona lo mkhuba kungalingani amagugu. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "ukuphumula" lingasho ukuthi into ngokuzumayo kwagqamuka amalangabi, futhi lowo muntu blushed ngamahloni, kanye neqiniso lokuthi konke kusenjalo kwakukhona ingxabano, nokunye .. Abanye kulezinkulumo ezitholakala ngolimi kaningi. Zagijima ngokushesha efika engqondweni lapho izwi kukhulunywa ngaye. Abanye zisebenza kuphela ezimweni ezithile futhi inhlanganisela ethile.

Phakathi abanye tinshokutsi izwi, kukhona link semantic ezenza mkhuba kuyaqondakala lapho izakhiwo ezahlukene kanye netintfo abizwa ngokuthi ngendlela efanayo.

imizila

Ukusebenzisa igama ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso kungaba esitebeleni Eqinisweni ulimi hhayi kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo ngezinye izikhathi kungagcini, oludlulayo eyenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka isitatimende eyodwa kuphela. Kulokhu, umgomo abayifunayo ihaba futhi wathi Inkulumo elisebunyeni.

Ngakho, kukhona incazelo obucayi ephathekayo. Izibonelo salokhu kusetshenziswa izinkondlo, izincwadi. Ngenxa yalezi izinhlobo kuyindlela ephumelela amasu obuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, Bloc bangakhumbula "amehlo ehlane izinqola" noma "uthuli imvula kugwinywe e amaphilisi." Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ngokomfanekiso kwegama elithi kuleli cala? Lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi yekhono layo angenamkhawulo ukuchaza imiqondo emisha.

Ukuvela nezincazelo engokomfanekiso amazwi uhlobo etemibhalo nesitayela kanye amathrekhi. Ngamanye amazwi, isifenqo.

sifanisongco

Ngo kolimi labelwe eziningi ezahlukene izinhlobo ukudluliswa amagama. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwazo isingathekiso. Kuhloswe ekudluliseni omunye mkhuba lapha kwenye. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma ukufana kwezici ezithile. Ukufana kungenzeka yangaphandle (e umbala, isayizi, nemvelo, ukuma nokunyakaza) futhi kwangaphakathi (imizwa kulinganiselwa kanye nemigqondo). Ngakho, ngosizo izingathekiso bathini mayelana nemicabango omnyama ubuso omuncu, Zamanga lwesivunguvungu reception abandayo. Kulokhu esikhundleni sezinto, kodwa uphawu umqondo uhlala okufanayo.

incazelo ephathekayo ye usebenzisa izingathekiso kwenzeka ngokwamazinga okufana ngaso obuhlukahlukene. Isibonelo salokhu weft (wedivaysi yezokwelapha) kanye ugandaganda isibungu. Lusebenza nokudluliswa uhlobo olufanayo. umqondo ehilela ingenziwa futhi amagama ezanikezwa umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, Hope, Love, Ukholo. Ngezinye izikhathi amanani ukundlulisa eyenziwa ukufana ne imisindo. Ngakho, uphondo ucingo inhlabamkhosi.

tiga tenkhulumo

Libuye uhlobo olulodwa ebaluleke kakhulu amagama ezokuthutha. Nokho, uma isetshenziswa ayisebenzi ukufana izimpawu ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Lapha siba contiguity sokuthi isenzo siba nomphumela, noma ngamanye amazwi, lo tangency izinto ngesikhathi noma emkhathini.

incazelo Metonymic engokomfanekiso amazwi - ushintsho hhayi kuphela isihloko, kodwa futhi kakhulu umqondo. Lapho incazelo zalesi simo amenable kuphela ukuxhumana elakhelene isixhumanisi uchungechunge lucebe.

nezincazelo engokomfanekiso amazwi kungenziwa okusekelwe inhlangano ephethe impahla kusukela okwenziwé into. Ngokwesibonelo, umhlaba (phansi), itafula (ukudla), njalo njalo. D.

synecdoche

Lo mqondo ukudluliswa kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yonke. Isibonelo salokhu inkulumo ethi "ingane iya komama isiketi," "eziyikhulu wezinkomo", njll

ipholisemi omabizwafane

Lo mqondo ezifanayo kolimi umsindo ezimbili noma amazwi ezahlukene xaxa. Homonymy kuyinto umsindo nje kwaqondana amayunithi lucebe okuyinto ayixhunyiwe nomunye wokufihla.

Hlukanisa ipholisemi omabizwafane ifonotiki kanye nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Icala lokuqala siphathelene amagama umenziwa wesenzo noma nominative, umsindo ngokufana kodwana ezahlukene izingoma phonemes. Ngokwesibonelo, "induku" futhi "echibini". kuphakama ipholisemi omabizwafane lwetakhi telulwimi uma ku phoneme, futhi yokubiza amagama efanayo, kodwa ehlukene othize izinhlobo amazwi. Ngokwesibonelo, isibalo "ezintathu" nesenzo esithi "ezintathu". ngeke okufanayo lapho ukushintsha ngokuphelele ukuphinyiselwa okufanele kwamagama. Ngokwesibonelo, "bezihlikihla", "ezintathu" futhi t. D.

Synonyms

Lo mqondo libhekisela amazwi ingxenye efanayo yokukhuluma, noma okufanayo nencazelo yawo lucebe. Umsuka omqondofana kukhona-olunye ulimi yayo lucebe incazelo obscheliteraturnogo futhi lwesigodi. Kukhona nezincazelo engokomfanekiso amazwi futhi kuwo wonke amagama anzima ( "ekuqhumeni" - "kuyinto").

Synonyms ihlukaniswe zilwane. Phakathi kwabo:

• inani eliphelele lapho izwi kuvumelana ngokuphelele ( "ingwane" - "ingwane");
• imicondvo yemagama shades ezahlukene nezincazelo lucebe ( "bacabanga" - "bacabanga");
• sitayela, ezithinta umehluko ku Umbala sitayela ( "ukulala" - "ukulala").

bahlukene

Lo mqondo kuziwa emagama lahambisana ingxenye efanayo yokukhuluma, kodwa imiqondo eziphikisayo. Lolu hlobo amagugu ephathekayo kungaba umehluko isakhiwo ( "edlula" - "ukwenza") kanye izimpande ezahlukene ( 'mhlophe "-" black ").
Antonymy sibonakala emazwini ukuthi ziveza counterposed izimpawu ukuma, izimo, izenzo kanye izakhiwo. Injongo ukusetshenziswa kwabo - ukudluliswa kokuqhathanisa. Le ndlela yokubamba izinhlanzi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa izinkondlo ubugagu.