ImpiloIzifo nemibandela

Virus H1N1: Izimpawu, Yokukwelapha Nokukuvimbela

Abantu abaningi ayibi mibi Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela noma izinga lokushisa kukhona ekujaheni embhedeni futhi akazange ukubona udokotela, kodwa ngezenzo. Amagciwane nokuthi kuyadingeka, ngoba thimula eyodwa kuphela, isibonelo, ebhasini eligcwele nswi, futhi - voila - uqedile! I-H1N1 umkhuhlane, ukuze uhambisane ne bayesaba kakhulu, noma yimuphi omunye umkhuhlane wathola inqwaba izisulu ezintsha. Kungani? Ngoba omunye namasu Umkhuhlane amagciwane kuyinto zokusakaza kubo kukhanyisa amaconsi sisemoyeni eziwuhlupho kakhulu lula futhi ithele. Iqhinga yabo yesibili - a kokuhlukana esiyingqayizivele. Lapho umzimba isisulu iqala ukukhiqiza amasosha igciwane lwangena ukulichitha, washeshe kushintsha isakhiwo amaprotheni alo, abe ukuguqulwa entsha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo e yilesi sifo. Yingakho kokubili ubhubhane abasafufusa, futhi odokotela ukuthuthukisa ngemigomo emisha.

Kungani ebizwa ngokuthi umkhuhlane wezingulube

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi-yalolucwaningo 20 kwekhulu elidlule eYurophu wayehamba ukufa ngaphansi kwegama "umkhuhlane waseSpain." Wathatha ethuneni abangaba yizigidi ezingu-100 Earthlings. Muva nje, ososayensi behlola ngokuningiliziwe impahla ethathwe isidumbu salowo Spanish izisulu umkhuhlane wangcwatshwa Iqhwa, bafumana ukuthi igciwane H1N1. Yebo, kuba virus, okuyinto ngo 2009 kubange isikhathi. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, wayevame Ushintshe, eba H2N2, i-H3N2, i-H1N2, isikhathi ngasinye abangela umqedazwe entsha. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, igciwane eseke kumuntu kuya izingulube, ingashintshwa (soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka) e zaziziningi entsha futhi waba umkhuhlane wezingulube olungahlala kuphela izilwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi igciwane futhi hit indoda, nokubonisa amakhono abo siqu esiyingqayizivele, soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka futhi, yokuvumelana umnikazi omusha. Phakathi nale nkathi yokuba lithathelwe uhlobo olusha H1N1 ubangelé ukuba amacala 50 kuphela umkhuhlane wezingulube, nabantu, by uhlobo imisebenzi yayo ukuthintana nezilwane. Mutating athuthukiswe uhlobo igciwane engakwazanga kuphela ngobulili kusukela ingulube kumuntu, kodwa ukuqhubeka ukuthelela abantu abasha. Kusukela kwaqubuka lesi sifo okuthiwa umkhuhlane wezingulube.

Uyini AH1N1

Le ncwadi "H" egameni amagciwane kusho hemagglutinin - iprotheni esisogwini ebusweni futhi esebenza njenge umkhaza yasekuqaleni linamathela izisulu sezitokisi, ngoba ngaphandle ephethe, Umkhuhlane amagciwane asiphili. Lolo hlobo 'imikhaza "begazi linendima ebalulekile njengoba isisulu igciwane ukukhetha - umuntu, isilwane noma inyoni. Yileyo igciwane esifanayo abakwazi ukuphila kunoma iyiphi eziphilayo. Nakuba zikhona ezehlukile. Ngakho, igciwane H1N1 kuyinto sikwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene, ukuthi futhi kungathinta izinyoni nezilwane, futhi abantu. Le ncwadi «N» kusho i-neuraminidase enzyme. Yena kukha phezulu wasemuva igciwane by omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ukuhlukanisa amaseli kusuka amagciwane abasanda kuzalwa futhi zingene epithelium zokuphefumula kohlelo isisulu. Le ncwadi "A" kuyinto uhlobo igciwane. Kukhona futhi B no-C, kodwa A ubhekwa the onekhono kakhulu ukuguqulwa, futhi ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela.

umehluko isifo

H1N1 umkhuhlane akuyona kangaka ezahlukene kusukela classical abantu abaningi ezithile zonyaka futhi senzeka ngaphandle nanoma yiziphi izinkinga. Kodwa lapho yena sici esisodwa ezingemnandi - kwabanye izisulu kungabangela eyinhloko nenyumoniya viral, okuyinto ngeke welaphe ngezilapha magciwane (lokhu kuhlukile yebhaktheriya). Uma iziguli negciwane H1N1 ebangele ubunzima ngesimo inyumoniya viral, akazange uqala iphathwa kahle izimpawu zokuqala, zife zingakapheli izinsuku. Lokhu isimo ngesikhathi Igagasi 2009. Imbangela enkulu yokufa kwabantu ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2. Omunye umehluko endleleni evamile yokubalwa umkhuhlane wezingulube kuyinto isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa yisisu.

amaqembu ingozi

H1N1 ungakwazi ukubamba yimuphi virus, kodwa yezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila musa ukuthuthukisa nhlobo. Ngokwezibalo, babonakala bethambekele kakhulu ukuvuza umkhuhlane wezingulube efomini okunzima izigaba ezilandelayo labantu:

- izingane abancane (abaneminyaka engu-0 kuya ku iminyaka 2);

- kwabesifazane abakhulelwe;

- nelincane izifo yamaphaphu njengesifuba somoya;

- Abantu engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala;

- izifo yezitho zangaphakathi;

- abanesandulela-ngculaza.

Njengoba singabona, ingozi enkulu limelela Umkhuhlane wezingulube kulabo nge umzimba iba buthakathaka.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ikakhulukazi igciwane H1N1 idluliselwa nge umzila sisemoyeni. Okubalulekile: sneezing noma ukhwehlela zeqe umlomo noma ikhala zezilokazane womuntu isiguli singenakukwazi "fly" ngokusebenzisa ibanga uzibona 2 amamitha. Uma ngeke ukuphefumula umuntu enempilo, it is nakanjani itheleleke.

Kodwa futhi labo amagciwane bekungenjalo isisulu, kodwa sahlala iyiphi evele, lisaphila amahora ayi-8. Lokho itheleleke nge umkhuhlane wezingulube futhi kungaba uxhumane-yomuzi ngabangaphandle, isibonelo, uma ukuthatha handrail nge amagciwane, bese, ngaphandle ukugeza izandla zakho, badle.

Indlela yesithathu ukutheleleka iyona yokwenziwa kakhulu - ingulube kusuka isilwane esigulayo. Catch umkhuhlane ngale ndlela kungenzeka, kuphela uma inyama kudliwa eluhlaza noma ephuma kabili eqeda, ngoba ngezimbobo ukwelashwa ukushisa obulala igciwane H1N1 emva kwamaminithi ambalwa.

izimpawu Classic

Njengoba ukutheleleka kuze izimpawu zokuqala zesifo angase athathe omunye izinsuku ezintathu nane, kuye izici umzimba. I-H1N1 virus kungabangela izimpawu ziyefana umkhuhlane zakudala:

- umkhuhlane;

- ukuqaqamba wonke umzimba (myalgia);

- amakhala yisisu;

- ikhanda;

- obukhulu futhi / noma umphimbo obuhlungu;

- ukukhwehlela;

- kuyanda lokushisa ukuze eziphakeme (ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa ningagcini);

- Ukugodola, imfiva.

Ezinye iziguli ngezikhalo isicanucanu, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza nohudo.

Igciwane H1N1, izimpawu yezinkinga

Funa izinkinga ungalungiseki, ngokushesha uxhumane udokotela usizo isidingo uma phakathi abandayo sobala waphawula:

- lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, musa ukuphambuka amaphilisi;

- okungenasisekelo isicanucanu elalimbelesele;

- ukuhlanza;

- esindayo kanye / noma iphika;

- pallor kanye / noma cyanosis yesikhumba, izindebe okwesibhakabhaka (landile izingane);

- yokufikelwa, hypersomnia;

- kokunyamalala isikhathi eside ka ukuchama;

- ubuhlungu esifubeni esiswini;

- isiyezi;

- disorientation;

- nabantwana bememeza ngaphandle izinyembezi;

- ukucasuka ngaphandle kwesizathu;

- emva ngcono ezithile e ukugeleza "abandayo" kungazelelwe ziwohloke abukhali.

Igciwane H1N1, ekwelapheni ukungondleki okuncane lesi sifo

Ukuxilongwa umkhuhlane wezingulube ludlulele ngaphandle yezinkinga, kunzima ngenxa ungubani izimpawu nge umkhuhlane abavamile. Nquma uhlobo Lingaqhubeka isikhwehlela kuphela labelwe ukukhwehlela, kanye isikhwehlela acinene futhi ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.

Ngo sibi Umkhuhlane kungaba kwenziwe ngesikhathi yokwelapha ekhaya. Kuyinto bedrest saziso, reception antipyretic uma izinga lokushisa ingaphezu degrees 38, izidakamizwa nonsteroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala, amavithamini, nemithi ukukhwehlela futhi abandayo. Bantwana akufanele inikezwe imithi kufanele aspirin, njengoba is hhayi ngaphandle yezinkinga (Reye Syndrome). Of antipyretics ziphuze "Nurofen", "paracetamol" kanye nabantu abadala futhi "ibuprofen".

Antivirals H1N1 ifomu omnene singasetshenziswa yilezi:

- "Arbidol."

- "Viferon".

- "Grippferon".

- "IFN".

- "Ingaron".

- "Lipind".

- "Ingavirin".

- "TSikloferon".

- "Kagocel".

Libuye efiselekayo ukuthatha antihistamine, siphuza neziphuzo kakhudlwana - itiye, ujusi, amanzi uju, umhluzi currant, okusajingijolo, cranberry kanye namakhambi.

Umkhuhlane labetibambile cishe ngo 6-7 izinsuku.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa ezinzima

I-H1N1 umkhuhlane, ungaqhubeki yezinkinga, kuyinto luhluke yangezinkathi ezithile, futhi kungenziwa waqaphela, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba isiko imiphumela. Lapho izimpawu nobuntu umkhuhlane wezingulube ifomu ezinzima, engenhla, isidingo nesineke ukuba alaliswe esibhedlela, futhi uma kukhona izinkinga kanye ukuphefumula, ukwelashwa yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule kufanele waqala ngokushesha. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa ukwelashwa "Oseltamivir" noma "Tamiflu", "Zanamivir" noma "Relenza" okuyinto zivimbela umsebenzi neuraminidase. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inikezwa yokwelapha ngemithi elwa namagciwane ukuthi sinombono inyumoniya ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane engazange asungule, afeze yokuhlanza umzimba kusuka ubuthi obukhishwa igciwane H1 N1, ebekiwe ukwelashwa lingaze. Onalesi sifo iziguli kuyinkimbinkimbi umkhuhlane wezingulube evumayo kuphela uma ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi esifanele seluqaliwe.

With an kobukhulu isilinganiso lesi sifo, uma kukhona imfiva, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo, kodwa akukho izinkinga zokuphefumula, yokufikelwa, ukwazi kahle kanye nenyumoniya, impatho kungenzeka ekhaya.

izinyathelo zokuqapha

Prevention H1N1 ikakhulu itholakala nokukhawulela ukuvakashela izindawo zomphakathi kanye contact nabantu izimpawu kancane obonakalayo umkhuhlane (ukukhwehlela, amakhala yisisu). odokotela batusa futhi:

- okokugqoka buso kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi;

- ngaphambi kokuba aphume ukusetshenziswa wamafutha oxolinic;

- ebuyela ekhaya ngemva obuphelele ukugeza izandla ukugeza acinene kanye izimbotshana ngomlomo;

- zokuchithwa Ungadla emgwaqeni khona nabantu nasezindaweni zomphakathi, ngaphandle kokuqale izandla zabo ngokuphelele.

It yasungulwa ukuthi ezingulubeni umkhuhlane virus efa ngokushesha lapho zihlatshwa hhayi kuphela okushisa aphezulu, kodwa futhi isinqandakuvunda, ezifana insipho, utshwala noma kumakhemikhali awuketshezi, bactericides. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zomphakathi (izikole, izibhedlela, iIgama Izitolo nezinye) ngesikhathi ubhubhane ngokuvamile kudingeka ukukhiqiza yokuhlanza ezimanzi, Sula amatafula, izibambo zomnyango.

Lapho izimpawu zokuqala umkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukukhwehlela, amakhala yisisu, imfiva, kudingeka ucele udokotela ekhaya ukugwema zokuthelela abanye abantu.

Okwamanje, siye ithuthukiswe wokugoma entsha ngokumelene H1N1, esiza nasekuhlanzeni e umkhuhlane zakudala, kusukela nesigqi H3N2. Abagulayo kusukela lokugoma bengayi, ngoba umgomo alisetshenziswa wonke igciwane, kodwa kusele izingxenyana nje zayo yalo. Nokho, ngemva lokugoma usangasithola umkhuhlane, kodwa kuyokwenzeka ngendlela lula kakhulu. Futhi nje, umgomo i akusho ukuvikela zonke ezinye ukuhlela kabusha kungenzeka igciwane H1N1.

Ukwenza idinga ngonyaka, mhlawumbe inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuba lo mqedazwe elindelekileko (ekwindla ngaphambi kubanda dank manzi).

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