Wehlisa Sinyachikha. Imyuziyemu-Reserve of Architecture Ngokhuni futhi Folk Art. Umlando nokuchaza

Ukudalwa entsha awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela sithembele isipiliyoni ezizukulwane ezingaphambili. Ukulondolozwa amagugu amasiko, izingxenye zalo ezibonakalayo nangokomoya, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuze alondoloze yabo njengezwe. Iminyuziyamu, ngokusekelwe abantu kwezobuciko, ukuklanywa kwezakhiwo kanye umoya kungene esikhundleni udumo, kuphela ezikhanga izivakashi artlessness kanye nekhono ukuzazi thina ngokwethu.

Idolobhana Lower Sinyachikha

Alapayevsky District Sverdlovsk esifundeni bahlale endaweni evamile kumephu yeRussia, uma kungekhona edolobhaneni Lower Sinyachikha. Kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka, lapho usebenza a ngokhuni izakhiwo Museum, okuyinto ubukisa kungekho analogue emhlabeni. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu kwalesi sigodi ubhekwa 1680, okuyinto pointer emnyango endaweni.

Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo nezokuphatha zitholakala endleleni Irbit. Uma kuvele imisebenzi yensimbi, elalingelamaFilisti lwamakhosi usozimboni Yakovlev. Namuhla, esikhundleni se-ibhizinisi efakwe uphawu yesikhumbuzo bese ugcine ukwakha sithombo esingatshalwanga bendawo ushayele ubudala "White House". Lokhu akulona nje lesikhumbuzo bokwakha, egcwele abadumile Lower Sinyachikha. Imyuziyemu-Reserve of Architecture Ngokhuni futhi Folk Art yaqanjwa I. D. Samoilov, elele endaweni evulekile, ke ikhangwa kulesi sifunda ukugeleza izivakashi.

Umsunguli we Museum

Ngo-1978, edolobhaneni Lower Sinyachikha lalihlelekile ngokusemthethweni yi-Museum, kodwa ukuqoqa exposure futhi ukulwa ukuze alondoloze iqoqo umsunguli wayo Ivan Danilovich Samoilov wayeseke waphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kwalolo suku. Njengoba waphindela esigodini sakubo bomdabu Isakov, Samoylov I. D. waqala ukutadisha umlando endaweni nemizana yayo siqu kanye angomakhelwane alapayevskogo. Ukusebenza Land, wahamba yonkana Ural, lapho njalo ebhekene nokunyamalala umlando.

Waba nesithakazelo emlandweni wendawo, imivubukulo, ibhizinisi sokubuyiselwa. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Amagugu Lower Sinyachikha" Uyabhala: "Khona-ke, ngemva kwempi, lokhu ubuhle is namanje walondoloza. Kwezinye indawo esemaphandleni akude kancane Ingabe ukuza, kwenzeka endlini, futhi ahnesh: yinqaba ngakho Ngesineke - esandleni ngokwayo welula cap isusiwe emnyango. Noma ukubona isondo ubudala ukuphotha, tuesok ukuthi okungenani kanye noma yimuphi Museum Thandazani. "

Waqala ukuqoqa iqoqo, izincwadi ezazihilela ezinyathelisiwe, izinto zasekhaya, imifanekiso isandla by abaculi zendawo, izingxenye zaveza zezakhiwo ezindala, amasampula ukwelukwa kanye efekethisiwe. Indawo, efanelekayo Museum isibonisi aba ebhidlikayo emzaneni isimo Isonto Lower Sinyachikha. Imyuziyemu-Reserve of Architecture Ngokhuni yadalwa kuphela emashumini sibonga entshisekweni Ivan Danilovich.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe evulekile esibhakabhakeni

Ukubuyiselwa kwe- isimo Church, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-18, kwaqala ngo-1970. Inqubo kwakuhamba kancane, kwadingeka ukuba bathembele kuphela imithombo yayo, ukuxhaswa okuvela embusweni awuzange, umsebenzi bandlale phezu engu-10. Phakathi nale nkathi, Samoilova wazalwa umbono ekubulungeni hhayi kuphela kwansuku zonke lezinto, kodwa futhi sonke izakhiwo sokhuni okwalapha ebhubhisa abantu nesikhathi. Ngo-1978 isakhiwo sesonto Ivan Danilovich kuvula Folk Art Museum, lo mbukiso kuba ngesisekelo iqoqo yakhe siqu endlini Umdwebo Urals.

Kutholwe edolobhaneni Lower Sinyachikha Reserve Museum of sokhuni izakhiwo kanye Folk art siqukethe 25 izakhiwo lokhuni okuqondene eminyaka ehlukene kanye eqoqwe lonke Urals. Kukhona eqhugwaneni angadle ngabuhle obutheni kwesakhiwo ezingase zibangelwe yezinguquko ukuphila ongumlimi, a amasonto ambalwa nezindawo zokukhulekela, isibonelo omangalisayo baraque laseSiberia - isimo Church, imithombo, iwashi embhoshongweni esiteshini, uMbusi amasiko endlini nezinye izikhumbuzo eziningi. Ngokomlando izakhiwo lokhuni ukumboza kwesikhathi kusuka 17 kuya kwekhulu lama-20.

Kuyinto ikakhulukazi ezithakazelisayo ukucabangela zezakhiwo ezindala nokumadanisa nokuzinikeza izindawo zokuhlala, okuyinto manje sinyachihintsy bukhoma. Museum iyingxenye kwalesi sigodi, zonke izikhumbuzo zomlando welulele phakathi farmsteads bakule ndawo. Ngo-1995, i-Museum e Lower Sinyachikha uthola isimo sikahulumeni into amagugu zomlando namasiko, ngaphezu, ngesikhathi samanje ingaphansi ukuvikelwa UNESCO.

Customs EnguMbusi House

Customs House ake wama sibukela ipheshana laseSiberia endaweni Tugulymskom edolobhaneni Luchinkin (Sverdlovsk esifundeni). Kuzothatha ngo-1986, lo mkhankaso usethe abafundi kanye ubuhlakani we Sverdlovsk Isikhungo Architecture. Ngemva denrohronologicheskogo ukuhlaziywa kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda isakhiwo endala esifundeni esise-Ural, futhi libhekisela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.

Lapho yabe seyaziwa ukubaluleka zomlando yendlu, unawomina ingeyamakhosi usomabhizinisi Tyumen, ababefisa sisiqhube ukulungiswa kanye ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo yesimanje. Indlu labhujiswa ngokushesha, intengo ukhuni uthenge evela kumnikazi Samoilov imihlobiso, waphenduka balusters amafasitela ngezandla, emphemeni kanye nezinye izingxenye isakhiwo.

Uyidale phezu esele yezakhiwo imidwebo, izilinganiso nemininingwane yanquma le alethwe edolobhaneni Lower Sinyachikha. Imyuziyemu-Reserve of Architecture Ngokhuni othambekele uyaziqhenya isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Le ndlu ezimbili storey lwamakholi gumbi shestistenny. Esikhathini isiko Russian zezakhiwo ezinjalo ngokuthi izindlu. Ukuvuselelwa ngomsebenzi wokwakha alikaqedwa okwamanje endlini, kodwa ukubonakala isakhiwo is fully sifana yasekuqaleni.

izivakashi amapulazi

Ukuqoqa izindlu ezindala zamapulangwe ka nangenkathi ezahlukene - akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, kodwa cishe zazifile ngobuqotho. Ngakho-ke, abanye maqhugwane farmhouses ukuchayeka wabuthela kusuka izifunda eziningana ezahlukene esise-Ural, ibekwe edolobhaneni Lower Sinyachikha. Imyuziyemu-Reserve of Architecture Ngokhuni ku arsenal of a Manor le-17, 18 nele-Ngekhulu le-19.

Manor indlu endala kwekhulu le-17, eqoqwe cishe log. Ngesisekelo kwaba indlu emzaneni iThabori, kwavela ophahleni edolobhaneni Cheremisina pediment iqhubekile kusukela endlini ye Nikonov ngomzana, kwafika abanye izingodo edolobhaneni capes. Manor kuhlanganisa laqanjwa i esibayeni ubudala. The elingaphakathi recreates ukuphila abalimi kwekhulu le-17. Egcekeni lomuzi abuyiselwe kahle "pie", imithombo wokhuni Museum emifanekisweni zomlando eziningana, isenzo. Ebaleni emuva is ezibaziweyo emphemeni sokhuni emzaneni Gryaznukha emiselwe ukusuthisa imfuyo. Ubudala ukhuni emphemeni has iminyaka 234. Kukhona sauna, bawisa ezintathu kuphela isigamu-izingodo ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ubudala, wayekhula ngamandla alethwe Museum edolobhaneni isiphetho lasendulo.

Indlu bezindlu ongumlimi kwekhulu le-18 liqukethe indlu yokuhlala, waletha kusukela esigodini Vogulka futhi izindlu. Old esibayeni eziyinkimbinkimbi livela emzaneni Kulig. KaZuma kuhlelwe embukisweni izinto zasekhaya, amathuluzi abalimi.

Esikhathini 19 cottage khulu leminyaka laba ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso emihle ebaziwe, imidwebo, kwaba ingaphakathi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Sample sesakhiwo izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni wafika Museum-reserve edolobhaneni Kamelskoy. A ezimbili storey esibayeni ubudala ukuthi uqeda Ensemble yendlu Ural ngomzana, babevela edolobhaneni Kirov. Ingaphakathi endlini - "Igumbi elimhlophe", zaveza izindonga egumbini sihlehlela emuva 1897.

imithombo lokhuni

Ngaphezu kahle nge "pie", engxenyeni ephakathi ye wokugodla kahle isinyathelo muva nge wheel esikhulu sokhuni. Lo rise amanzi kwenziwa ngokushintshanisa amasondo, iketango noma intambo eyodwa ekupheleni wabethelwa roller sokhuni, ebhakedeni abethela ekupheleni okuphambene iketanga. Leli sondo phendula, iketango is nilimaza ungene roller, futhi ngendlela eqondile ezifana rose ibhakede eligcwele amanzi. nizhnesinyachihinsky yena kahle, futhi isondo baletha kusukela esigodini Savino. Enye kahle Museum ngelika Danilych, behlonipha umsunguli ukuchayeka.

yesonto

On endaweni Museum-reserve eqoqwe Izindlwana ezinhlanu sokhuni:

• Spassky. isakhiwo Petite alethwe edolobhaneni la maqhugwane, isikhathi eside zezikhali elondolozwe ku Ekaterinburg Museum. Kusukela ngo-2001, eqoqwe indlwana encane, isampula izakhiwo kwekhulu le-19, itholakala e Lower Sinyachikha.
• Ascension. Ukujola kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwatholakala edolobhaneni Karpova. It is zihlukaniswa lonke ukukhanya olungaphambili lwesonto: cap emhlophe, esiluhlaza ophahleni elikhanyayo abacaphuni, udonga ensundu. Ngaphakathi kuyinto embukisweni wendawo craftswomen H. D. Chuprakova.
• Sabbatius futhi Zosima. Ekuqaleni edolobhaneni manje-ezingasasebenzi Koksharova. Museum kwaba ngo-1981. Ikamelo iyisonto embukisweni anikezelwe ukhuni eqoshwe. Kukhombisa futhi layout isonto Holy Cross, kanye wema Kyrtomskom sezindela. Njalo lo wayelodadewabo izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele: izahluko 11, eqoshwe ocebile, embozwe zemibukiso. Isonto olungiselelwe hambisa, kodwa kube khona umlilo, futhi labhujiswa.
• Eliya, nomProfethi,. Ibekwe endaweni yamathuna emzaneni. Namuhla isakhiwo lifana ncamashi ake wama kule ndawo wethempeli.
• Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ngaphambi ukuthuthela Museum itholakala edolobhaneni Ostanina. Wafakwa edwaleni ngenhla echibini. Uma ukude, Chapel octagonal zifana Gazebo. Amawindi ahlotshiswe imidwebo Stavenko yokungena nge kompheme ezibaziweyo. Ngo-2015, ngesikhathi kugujwa ngaphansi Chapel wathola indlu engcwele ocebile lasendulo. Ukukhanya ekhishwe zobumba, umSkithe arrowheads lethusi, izinaliti ngoba ukuthunga, ubucwebe nokunye okuningi.

Towers nezinye izakhiwo

Esondela Museum-reserve, ngaphezu yezakhiwo evelele eyinhloko oNgcwele isimo Church, izivakashi banake kwemibhoshongo eziningana okusezingeni eliphezulu lokhuni. Omunye wabo - kwenqaba Aramashevskogo ejele - ukwakhiwa kabusha Sentinel isakhiwo ukuzivikela kusukela esigodini Aramashevo. Lezi izinqaba ezakhiwa emakhulwini eminyaka th 17-18 futhi kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla.

Nge umbhoshongo baqaphe eseduze Ukuvikelwa isakhiwo umlilo nge umbhoshongo isikhencezo platform observation ophahleni. Egumbini kwangaphakathi emnyuziyamu elalinikezelwe imbangela yomlilo, kukhona ziphephile ubudala: umgqomo wamanzi, isitokwe, ukucima umlilo imishini elidala isampula. Egcekeni imele emgqonyeni omkhulu wokhuni ngoba amanzi. Ngaphambili isakhiwo yayisesigodini edolobhaneni Spool.

kwenqaba High eduze Ukuvikelwa umlilo esakhiweni ngakhonza nanjengombonisi ukuvikelwa umlilo edolobhaneni ukusebenza Krasnogvardeyskiy. ukuphakama Its 35 amamitha. Ukuphuma kwalo ukwenza phezu kwezinkuni 1979. Londoloza lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda kuphela imizamo Samoilova. Ndawonye kanye naye izinsuku ezimbalwa bathatha yakhe lokungena, okuyinto Kwakunzima kakhulu ngenxa zalapho, waphawula Ivan Danilovich.

Eduze isakhiwo umlilo umbhoshongo - the smithy ubudala, eduze nekamu wakhe abahlomele amahhashi, lapho kuboshelwe izicathulo. ngezinye izikhathi Kwasebenza njengoba umkhandi wensimbi, abagcina lasendulo UKWAKHA ubuchwepheshe. Lapha ungabona ngokuningiliziwe amathuluzi. Ngaphambi kokungena kuwufanele kokuzihlanganisa ihange ezitholakala emfuleni Dir.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zakhiwo, kwakukhona lapho indawo esiqiwini lo mshini, lesi sitshalo isikhathi Yakovlev bathengisi. Museum olwenziwa imikhosi ethnographic, imibukiso abaculi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla.

Inani

Museum of Lower Sinyachikha njalo aminyene, zezihambeli ziyafika lapha hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa okuvelayo. ulwazi Kukhona agcwaliswa bagxilisa inzondo uthando ngoba izwe labo kanye nomlando wayo. Ukubaluleka esiqiwini wathi ngcono Academician Likhachev singazange siphumelele: "Uma sihamba manje sithemba ukuba avuselele ngomzana, abantukazana isiRashiya, le I. D. Samoilov Sekuyisikhathi eside kanzima ukwenza it hlangana qiniseka, ngoba uyazi: ngaphandle imvuselelo Folk isiko, imikhuba yayo engcono amasiko akukwazi ngcono kwesimilo somphakathi. "