Yini simila ukuhwamuka? Yini ebangela lesi simo?

Abaningi abakhileyo umqondo eyethile ukubaluleka izitshalo ukuphila emhlabeni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, okungukuthi izitshalo ukunikeza replenishment oksijini emkhathini Womhlaba, uhlaza ngukudla nezinye izinhlobo zokuphila, imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo noma yomthetho kabusha carbon dioxide.

Futhi ngisho nomjikelezo wamanzi emvelweni kakhulu ukukholelwa ngaphandle izitshalo! Uyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lesi sitshalo ukuhwamuka, futhi linganisa sisonke? Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke wena sizilungisile lesi sihloko!

Njengoba amanzi agelezela kwezicubu plant cells?

Through the izimpande kanye nezimpande izinwele ketshezi amuncwa umzimba, bese ibhebhetheka wonke umzimba zalesi sihlahla. Njengoba esimweni isilwane amaseli, amanzi ngabo - ukuphila ngokwako kanye nezicubu isitshalo ngaphezulu kuka-90% kusuka ku-ketshezi.

Ama-molecule nosawoti eziningi izakhi trace ukuthi ziyoncibilika ketshezi, abe ingcindezi ethile ku-ulwelwesi cell, ukuze akwazi ukudlula kuyo kwezimo ezivamile abakwazi.

Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi ingcindezi osmotic. Yiqiniso, amanzi uqobo ngendlela isixazululo isotonic nosawoti futhi welula nezimo cell ulwelwesi. Voltage kuboniswa igama elithi "turgor". Ngamafuphi nje, kungenxa amanzi nosawoti ziyoncibilika izicubu isitshalo siyagcinwa isimo nokunwebeka futhi nokunwebeka. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile amanzi-usawoti umzimba.

Ngakho ukuthi kubaluleke simila ukuhwamuka? Uma amanzi iyasha kusukela cell, lokuhlushwa nosawoti therein iba ezinkudlwana. Isixazululo kanzulu iqala ezokukha amanzi ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi cell nje ungadluli isotonic. Umehluko phakathi lokuhlala usawoti kuseli amanzi engena isitshalo ukuthi inquma ngamandla ukuncela.

Ukubaluleka ukuhwamuka enqubeni

Uma uyikha phezulu le ishidi ube nemigodi emincane stomata. Ngosizo lwabo isitshalo ilahlekelwa umswakama ubuso bayo. Ubaluleke kangakanani lesi sitshalo ukuhwamuka kulesi simo? Okubaluleke kunakho konke, ngoba kungenxa ukuhwamuka nokukhuphula emakamu usawoti kuseli kudalwa ukuncela amandla ukugqugquzela ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nezakhi kwamangqamuzana nezicubu.

Empeleni, zonke ukunyakaza khona ukutshezi ezikulesi simila kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa inqubo ukuhwamuka. Akubalulekile ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi lesi simo isiphumile lokulawula: iqabunga stomata lingavuleka uvaliwe ingxenyenamba iphesenti, ukulungisa kahle ukushuba umswakama angenise imvelo. Ebumnyameni ephelele, futhi lasemini, angezukuhambisana ngokuphelele, ekuvimbeleni izitshalo amanzi emzimbeni.

Kusukela lapho namanje kuncike ingress amanzi cytoplasm kwamaseli

Uma ukushuba ukunyakaza khona ukutshezi ku izicubu isitshalo kwakuxhomeke kuphela ukuhwamuka, wayeyoba wayeka ngokuphelele ebusuku. Iqiniso lokuthi ezinye amanzi iyasha ngokusebenzisa cuticle njalo, kodwa senani lincane kakhulu.

Uma uchitha nje okuhlangenwe nakho, wayinquma isitshalo kwesokudla eceleni collar impande, uzophawula ngokushesha ukuthi amanzi namanje iyachubeka kusukela ezimpandeni. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi umyalo uhamba uketshezi ngokusebenzisa izicubu plant futhi ngenxa umehluko izisombululo lokuhlala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima enkulu kule nqubo futhi ingcindezi impande, sibonga ngalo lesi sitshalo okudlula umswakamo "izitsha", ezakhiwe izingqimba kunamaqoqo amangqamuzana esikhumba efile.

Njengoba eziphilayo awekho, amanzi ngokukhululekile kuziwa leaf ngokusebenzisa stomata lapho ukuhwamuka eshiwo ngenhla.

Ngakho indlela isitshalo ukuhwamuka ebalulekile, uma ahlanganise yonke imininingwane? Okokuqala, ukunyakaza ngenxa lesi simanga lamanzi ngokusebenzisa isitshalo ukusabalala izakhamzimba. Okwesibili, ukuhwamuka njalo kubaluleke kakhulu zimbali ezikhula ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Ahwamukayo amanzi epholisa lonke plant banal.

Njengoba ubona, the ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ekuphileni isitshalo ufeza indima ebalulekile.

Amaphesenti umswakama ukumuncwa futhi ayahwamuka

I ucwaningo elula ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi izinkulungwane izingxenye by umthamo wamanzi etholwe simila ukugaya abangeqile kwabathathu. Zonke ezinye 997 izingxenye ngesisindo sezinti ahwamukayo. Ngo izitshalo zethu sezulu zidinga mayelana amanzi amakhilogramu shabalala ukwakha lemali ezifanayo ndaba ezomile. Kafushane, umfutho zalesi simo incike izimo zezulu endaweni yangakini.

ucwaningo ososayensi

Usosayensi Shlessing ambalwa eminyaka edlule, aphethwe okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo. Wathatha ezintathu ugwayi ehlathini, ezimbili zazo abatshalwé ekhanyayo. Umehluko phakathi kwawo kwaba kuphela indlela yokwakheka inhlabathi futhi nesayithi libe kokwehla. Isimila lwesithathu wawugxile ebhodweni, okwakubekelwa ziqukethwe kwizimo igumbi, kodwa njalo embozwe kwenzakalani.

Ngenxa yalokho zokuhlolwa yayifuna iqiniso, yathola ukuthi ezimbili ehlathini lokuqala zonke izimila ayahwamuka ngokuphindwe kathathu njengoba amanzi amaningi, kodwa wawubumba is e ezimbili (!) Times ndaba kancane eyomile, kunokuba "Igumbi" ugwayi.

Kodwa! Lapho wayishisa izitshalo ezimbili zokuqala, simangele ngathola ukuthi izakhi yezimbiwa ziqukethe nohafu ngaphezulu. Ngakho, otshala ukuhwamuka esiqine ngokufanele umswakama ikakhulukazi ngaphansi ashisayo Ezindaweni ezinesomiso noma izinkathi, kuholela ukukhiqizwa okwedlula izinto ezimbiwa phansi, ukuthi empeleni basuke ayidingeki.

Ukubaluleka ukuhwamuka empilweni izitshalo

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene izitshalo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokhu mkhuba futhi kunciphisa umsoco futhi ukunambitheka kwabo, ngoba kubo ngokweqile umlotha izinto Uphatha kabi lezi zibalo. Ngakho, ukuhwamuka lenyuka amanzi kunomthelela isitshalo ngisho Ukuwohloka okunzima nenhlabathi, njengoba namaminerali amaningi kuwo.

Sihlaleleni ukunitshela yonke lokhu? Vele hhayi wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi yonke into imvelo kuhlobene. Ayikho ingozi ukuthi ezifundeni ashisayo inhlabathi liyadingeka zalisa kaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezifana lapho ukuba basheshe ukulalela isicelo kukamanyolo amaminerali, okuyinto futhi kufanele babhekwe ekuthuthukiseni kwemikhuba professional yokulima eyayisetshenziswa ukutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene.

Umthelela on ukunambitheka kanye izinga umsoco izitshalo

Nokho, abazalanisi bezitshalo babe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo waphawula ukuthi eminyakeni ezomile, lapho izitshalo kufanele bahlale nisela umsoco lehla ngokucijile uma iqhathaniswa kuphumelele kakhulu ngokuya iminyaka imvula. Ngakho, ukuphila ukuhwamuka isitshalo kudlala indima inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela bangase bacabange kusuka ngaphandle.

Akumangalisi ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka ashisayo ikakhulukazi, lapho inani umswakama enhlabathini is ngqo ziyancipha futhi amandla evaporative lehla ubuncane, ukukhula nokuthuthuka zezitshalo okuhlelekile wacishe wama. Kulezi zimo, zingabe zisakwazi kuphole ngokwayo, kodwa ngoba ngokuvamile ezomile banal.

okutholakele

Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo imnene, isomiso iDemo ngenxa yaleli amaqabunga ngokushesha avele ukusha. Lokhu ikakhulukazi liphinyiselwe kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona imimoya, okungukuthi imimoya sishisa futhi somile kakhulu.

Uma kungekho senzo esithathwayo ke lezi zenzakalo sezulu kalula abhubhise yonke insimu belima. Vele wacabanga zilima, ngenkasa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokulawula ukhula esingayenza engasiza ekusindiseni sokuvuna. Nokho, abantu bayakubona lokhu nge isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Sethemba, manje siyaqiniseka ukuthi ukuhwamuka ezitshalweni - nenqubo ebalulekile, ngaphandle okuyinto abakwazi ezikhona ngempela.