IRed Encwadi Karelia: izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta, inhlanzi

iziqubulo banal ukushaya ukuvikela imvelo, muva aluthola incazelo yangempela. Izinto ezenziwa abantu phansi kwaba kakhulu esebenzayo: emoyeni ubuthi amabhizinisi kanye amagesi qeda izimoto, imizimba amanzi angcolile, izilwane eziningi, izinhlanzi, izinyoni kanye nezitshalo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ngakho abantu bephoqeleka ukuba iphendukele umthetho, ukudala uhlu ezahlukene, sibonga angenalungelo avunyelwe ukubhubhisa okukhulu kwemvelo. uhlu okunjalo liyincwadi abomvu.

Uyini Incwadi Olubomvu?

Umqondo ngokudala le ncwadi yabonakala ngo-1948. Yasungulwa ekuthatheni isinyathelo umphakathi usosayensi, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ikhale alamu ngenxa amacala okwandisa yokuqothulwa kwemiphakathi eziphilayo. Conservation Union wavula uhlu ezethusayo futhi wathuma izinduna zithi emhlabeni. Kungani bakhetha bomvu? Eqinisweni, yonke into ilula: kungumnikelo umthunzi okwethusayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbala ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, iNcwadi Red yakhelwe ukuze zidonse ukunaka omphakathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zibomvu ngokuphelele: iqukethe emakhasini eminye imibala:

1. Black. Amakhasi ebanga usizi kunazo zonke e umbala wokulila. Labo izilwane noma izitshalo elotshwe kubo, ungalokothi ezimiselwe ukubona. Lokhu - zonke izinto eziphilayo.
2. Green. I amashidi bejabule kakhulu: ukuthi akuphi izinhlobo ephethwe avuselele bese ugcine.
3. Red. Ikhasi lokhu umbala kubonisa izinhlobo kuthiwa zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
4. White. Nazi izinhlobo eziyivelakancane yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.
5. Elimpunga. Insufficiently wafunda zinhlobo bahlangana Amakhasi grey.
6. Yellow. Umbala edonsela ukunakekela sabantu lincipha ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu izinhlu ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele, kukhona futhi zesifunda. Kuyinto yokukhathazeka okunjalo Red Encwadi Karelia.

Karelia: lwezilwane ezisengozini

Nature of the Republic of Karelia ngezindlela eziningi eziyingqayizivele kanye yesiteleka. Ingcebo enjalo nje udinga ukuthatha ngaphansi kwesivikelo isimo, ngakho-ke, ososayensi baye basungula edition amakhulukazi njengokungathi IRed Encwadi Karelia. Izilwane, flora, inhlanzi nezinkukhu, okuyizinto emakhasini alo, siyidinga impela ukunakekelwa ngumuntu. Le ncwadi ewusizo ukuthi zibhaliwe kathathu. It yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1985. Wangena zinhlobo 160 zezitshalo semithambo, 30 zinhlobo izinambuzane ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, kanye 22 zezintaka isikhunta ahlukahlukene. Esikhathini uhlelo lwesibili 1995 enwetshiwe ukwaziswa okwengeziwe. IRed Encwadi Karelia kuhlanganisiwe 390 izikhundla, izitshalo ekhethiwe, phakathi kwawo wona, isikhunta futhi ulele. Futhi yayihlanganisa kwakungamadodana izinambuzane, ama-mollusk izinyoni, ezincelisayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni: zonke izinhlobo ezingu-365. Olufaka yaba uhlelo lwesithathu, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2008 ngu yonke imithetho kwemigomo izinhlu ezinjalo.

izitshalo Karelia

edition kubaluleke kakhulu, kahle akhiwa ososayensi bendawo nesifunda, kwaba Red Encwadi Karelia. Izitshalo kuzixazulule emakhasini alo, ngempela esimweni esibucayi yokuvikela ezingeni wombuso. It Izinhlobo (asplenium, moonwort, Dryopteris), zama-orchid (slipper ntokazi, nadbornik ezingenamaqabunga, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo Morio), Kunezinhlobo eziningi amakhambi, imithi. It is futhi bamlalela futhi zinhlobo Ornamental ezifana Arabis futhi tsirtsebita Alpine, Aster eSiberia futhi vetrenichka Buttercup. Bog izitshalo, futhi, afakiwe kulolu hlu, isibonelo, Drosera Intermedia futhi Kowloon. Izinhlobo nezihlahla izihlahla phezu sonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, alotshwe Amakhasi yale ncwadi: birch Karelian, hazel, cotoneaster.

Kwamanye izitshalo, kanjani ukutshela ngaphandle. Ngeshwa, madoda aphethe okuthile okudinga ukuthi aqala ukufiphala ifomu ewusizo njengoba wort iSt John sika. Lesi sihlahlana yaziwa njengenye abantu futhi imithi yendabuko. It has izakhiwo ezilandelayo ewusizo: analgesic omuhle, aqede izinhlungu zibe kwegazi ukulahlekelwa ubuyisela, uphulukisa izilonda, amathoni futhi upholisa. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo yayibizwa ziphathwe nezifo zesisu, isibindi nezinso. Futhi, ukumnika of wort iSt John sika isetshenziselwa ekhwehlela futhi rheumatism. Kodwa kufanele uqaphele, njengoba umoba engenhla isitshalo zinobuthi, ngakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kubalulekile kudokotela.

Kuyinto isinqamu encane ingcebo, okubandakanya Red Encwadi Karelia. Izitshalo, ezifana Rhodiola rosea, obizwa nangokuthi impande yegolide, bawazisa ngempela futhi isisindo sazo igolide. Uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, i-Rhodiola inethonya ezuzisayo phezu wonke umzimba. Ikakhulukazi kahle ithinta ngekhono lomuntu bokusungula, inkumbulo yakhe. Kwakukhona antihistamine kanye izakhiwo anti-pyretic zalesi sitshalo.

Ngaphezu amakhambi, imithi kuyafaneleka a orchid ezingavamile, ukhetha izindawo zokulahla futhi kumnyama - slipper kipridin. Njengoba kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi: ntokazi, Marina noma Kukushkin slipper, bogoroditsin ebhuthini, moccasins (eMelika), slipper ntokazi (eNgilandi). Ngo Karelia likhula kuphela ku Reserve Kivach. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le orchid izimbali zawo ziwukudla cishe inyanga.

Ezokuphepha fungal isitokwe

Yini enye ukuqaphile Red Encwadi Karelia? Amakhowe, okuyizinto ezweni mayelana 100 zinhlobo, futhi adinga isivikelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e uhlu amashuni zokuzivikela osinovik emhlophe. Lokhu amakhowe ezidliwayo likhula zokulondolozwa futhi alondoloza ka Karelia. Izithelo osinovik kuka ngonyaka.

Bright mushroom onsomi ngokuthi Clitocybe Nuda futhi ezidliwayo. Uyabathanda yinqwaba sezinsaba utshani inqwaba. Lesi sikhunta mikhulu futhi kuze kube ngamasentimitha of selilonke cap 20.

A zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu - mushroom Polish. Lokhu ubuhle edliwayo, kodwa akuvamile ukuze ayigunyaziwe ukuqoqa. Sikhula kuphela Kivach Reserve.

Olunye uhlobo mushroom - violaceus Cortinarius. Gourments bakubheka njengodumo noma uju. Kuyinto evamile, futhi abantu wamnika igama "pribolotnik".

Owokugcina sikhumbula bani kule opus, kungcono amakhowe engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo Smorchkova cap. Igama olunembile ngempela: ukhunta iyafana ngempela umndeni Smorchkova.

Bird uthulisa phansi ivoti

Ngeshwa, eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo ezilapho Red Encwadi Karelia. Izinyoni, yebo, futhi siphile emakhasini ayo. Grouse-great gray owl, izinhlobo ezithile ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi, bluetail obomvu-ephahlwe futhi Curlew afakiwe hhayi kuphela eNcwadini ezethusayo Karelia, kodwa futhi uhlu zezwe, ngisho nezamazwe global.

Pound sandpiper, Curlew ngokuthi, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi nezilwane yeRussia. Singasho yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela uqhwaku lwalugobile ubude eside. Entwasahlobo ka izingoma zakhe amakhwela chithi kungaphelele.

Futhi ngo-Red Encwadi Karelia Ufake gray owl enkulu kakhulu. Ububanzi amaphiko ayo ingenye amamitha nesigamu, futhi isisindo - kuze kilogram. Le nyoni ngezinye izikhathi kudidaniswe isikhova, kodwa indlela yabo yokuphila ihlukile: isikhova - inyoni ebusuku, kuyilapho isikhova uphapheme ngesikhathi sasemini. usayizi Population luyehluka kuye ngokuchichima namagundane. Bird afakwe uhlu ezithile zokuvikela.

Capercaillie - a enhle, inyoni ngokubabazekayo. Ubizwa ngokugcwele kuphela ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa nesimo sezulu enyakatho, ubusika bakhona bushubisa umnkantsha ikakhulukazi. grouse Male kuyahluka usayizi omkhulu ngempela, isisindo sayo ifinyelela 6.5 kg. Ingxenye besifazane noma ngaphansi ezahlukene ukukhanya izimpaphe. Lokhu ummeleli we inkukhu ebusika odla zikaphayini Izigaxa and kaphayini izinaliti, futhi ehlobo ungadla ngisho izibankwa. Lapho lusemoyeni, capercaillie kuyinto ngempela Clumsy. Inyama yale giant iyasiza, ngakho abanye abazingeli decimating yenkukhu kokulinganisa. Yingakho Red Encwadi Karelia agcwaliswa abameleli abanjalo izinyoni lamabutho like grouse.

inhlanzi Karelian

Amadamu Karelia ezinabantu abaningi abakhileyo, kodwa 28 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi kukhona ezisengcupheni. nje kudingeka Red Encwadi Karelia amaqembu afanayo abakhileyo emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. inhlanzi Imikhaya enjengalo Salmonidae, Sturgeon, whitefish, carp, eyikati, loaches efakwe ohlwini isivikelo esiyisibopho. bamba yabo mass kwaholela emiphumeleni emibi: on the esengozini yokuqothulwa babe Sturgeon, Sturgeon, echibini salmon, ama-salmon ezimhlophe, whitefish, tench, saber inhlanzi, Loach spined futhi eyikati. Lezi zinhlobo izinhlanzi esibalulekile ungase kusaba kusukela amadamu Karelia, uma azisuswanga ngesikhathi ngaphansi kwesivikelo isimo.

emhlabeni isilwane

nezilwane eziningi ziqukethe Red Encwadi Karelia. Izilwane esifundeni aziwa konke tinhlelo kanye sici amafilimu, kodwa uma ungayeki sokudubula yabo, ngokungacabangi womuntu kuholele yokuqothulwa yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, enyakatho ihlathi inyamazane. Lokhu enhle, nazo izimpondo babe zabo bobubili ubulili. Nokho-ke lidume ngokuba at inhliziyo ithambo inyamazane lapho, injongo okuyinto engaziwa kuze kube manje. Lezi abayimizulane elivela endle bahlala imihlambi abantu abangaba ngu-15. A ebusika kungenzeka uthuthe kusuka amaqembu inyamazane 100. ungulates ezinhle aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-25 ubudala, uthanda ukuba azinze emaxhaphozini, emahlathini kanye udoti moss, umfula izimfunda. Okwamanje, inani labantu uhlala eziqiwini ezimbili futhi Kostomuksha Nature Reserve.

Ensimini ka Karelia imithombo amapaki eyayihlala ilungu ophilayo kuphela uhlobo lwe "weziminzi" yahunyushwa ngokuthi igama Gulo - Wolverine. IRed Encwadi Karelia republic ayikwazanga agcwaliswa ezimibalabala ngakho, kodwa ngeshwa ezisengozini uhlamvu. Lesi silwane kuyinto eyodwa beqaphile futhi eqinile. Pretty isilwane omkhulu ungathi badger ezinkulu noma ibhere. It has a awugqinsi, izinwele indawo, izimpiko abukhali namazinyo enamandla. isilwane nesisindo 18 amakhilogramu. Uma endaweni esekusithekeni noma ngaphansi izimpande lomuthi kutholakala umphandu, ungaqiniseka kukhona ukuphila Wolverine.

INcwadi Red - akuyona nje uhlu Ukuvikelwa. Lesi yisikhumbuzo esintwini, bangaki zilwane ezinhle, izinyoni nezinhlanzi banikezwe kithi ngokwemvelo. ubuwula Unpardonable kanye nokubukisa konke sasiyolahlekelwa. Phela, isixhumanisi ngamunye ngokwemvelo kunenjongo. Wolverine, isibonelo, ngenxa omnivorous yabo udlala indima ugodo wabahambisa, ukudla ingcuba.

Enye owakhileyo Karelian amahlathi - lynx. Kuyini lokhu ikati elikhulu, bayazi cishe yonke into, kodwa ukuziphatha kwakhe kuyakufanelekela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. izilo ezinkulu futhi ngomusa ithanda emahlathini eliyimfuhlumfuhlu amnyama, aphinde abhukude abuyele omkhulu futhi okhuphukela izihlahla. Uma ukudla akwanele, i-lynx yase iqalisa ohambweni olude, ngale ndlela bafika eKamchatka. Amaqhinga ukuhlasela yena ngobuqili-okhulelwe, kodwa akufani abantu abaningi bajwayele ukucabanga: awusebenzi ukuhlasela, jumping on isisulu emthini. Ebusika, lapho iqhwa liliningi kakhulu, ama-lynx ingase ishaye ngisho yensikazi abomvu. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi kukholakala ukuthi kubalulekile ukubhubhisa lynx njengoba isilwane esiyingozi (kanye noboya lesilo ukubaluleka kakhulu ukusiqondisisa), kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana kwathi isilwane kudlala indima enkulu biocenosis, ngakho ukuvikela i-lynx yase, isimo nje kumele.

Ngaphandle abanye, Red Encwadi Karelia has emakhasini alo multi-anemibala of ezifana nezilwane ezingavamile njengoba squirrel flying, impungushe, Ibhere elinsundu, Ermine, nonogwaja, uchakide, marten kanye nama-moose.

Kuyini ukubaluleka ohlwini nokuvikeleka?

INcwadi Red - idokhumende obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Kepha waba kuphela wayexwayisa abantu ngokuphela izinhlobo zinyamalala. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuvikelwa kokudaliweyo zokulondolozwa kanye izinqolobane. Kuyinto lezi zinyathelo lwasiza ekusindiseni ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo eziningi izinyoni, izilwane kanye nezitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukudala ezingcwele iziqiwi ukususa ezithile zezilwane noma flora. Ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo ezinjalo zazisiza ekuvimbeleni isici yabantu, esongela sina ubunjalo iplanethi.