Yini umqondo wegama elithi "umbuso nomphakathi"? Ingqikithi isimo nenhlalakahle

Namhlanje umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu yilokhu Kushiwoni uma kukhulunywa "isimo omphakathi." Siphila esikhathini lapho ukuqaliswa izimiso zalo akunakwenzeka kuphela kodwa futhi kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke yini isimo nenhlalakahle? Asivume.

Wona kanye umqondo welithi "isimo kwezenhlalo" kuyinto isimiso (isici), okubhekisele isimo zemithetho kanye nomthethosisekelo. Usikisela ukuthi UMthethosisekelo uqinisekisa amalungelo enhlalo nezomnotho esintu kanye nenkululeko, kanye nezibopho okuhambisanayo, okuyinto kuthatha phezu. isimo Welfare - umbuso has ukusiza umphakathi, ukuze alwele kucinisekisa umehluko yezenhlalakahle ziyancipha noma ngokuphelele iqedwe.

Ingabe Russia isimo kwezenhlalo?

UMthethosisekelo Russian linikeza impendulo omuhle kulo mbuzo. Lithi zezwe lethu nesimo nomphakathi. Futhi umqondo wegama elithi "umbuso nomphakathi" kusho ukuthi Inqubomgomo ihlose ukwakha indawo lapho inkululeko nentuthuko yomuntu yokuphila komuntu futhi ihloniphekile ngamunye ziyofezwa. Ngenxa yalokho, le Russian Federation izimisele lokhu.

KuMthethosisekelo imisebenzi isimo

Ukuze siqonde kangcono umqondo wegama elithi "umbuso nomphakathi" futhi empeleni yayo, siphakamisa yazi nezibopho zayo babeka phansi ngokomthethosisekelo Russian. Phakathi kwabo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

- ukuvikela impilo kanye bokusebenza komuntu;

- ukusungula amaholo okuyinto Siyaqiniseka ngalokho;

- ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umndeni, ebuntwaneni, ukuba umzali esezigugile nabakhubazekile isimo yokusekela;

- ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ekhona abezenhlalakahle;

- izakhamuzi ukusungula izinzuzo, impesheni isimo nezinye iziqinisekiso zikamazisi.

I isimo kanye nenhloso uhlobo social isimo

Xhuma bonke abantu, izizwe, amaqembu omphakathi, behlanganiswe umqondo oluthile "umphakathi" luwumgogodla uhlobo kwezenhlalo zombuso. isimo Welfare - isimo okuhloswe ngalo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa nezithakazelo nomphakathi wonkana. It is eyakhelwe ukuqashelwa izithakazelo esisemthethweni, Amalungelo, lokutsatfwa njengetintfo okubaluleke kakhulu.

isimo Welfare - a inhlangano yezombangazwe emelela Institute okuhloswe ngazo inhlangano nasemphakathini wonkana, okufanelekelayo ukuba isivikelo ukuphila kwawo wonke umuntu inkululeko, amalungelo kanye nezithakazelo zabo bonke abantu futhi izakhamuzi. Kuyinto ithuluzi sixazulula izingxabano nokungaboni ngaso linye bobabili ngaphakathi ezweni nangaphandle kwalo. Yilokhu Kushiwoni uma kukhulunywa "isimo omphakathi."

It buhlobene eduze sikhungo komthetho. Kuphela umthetho, okungukuthi, lapho kakade athuthukile mechanisms umthetho, kungaba nomphakathi. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-90s. esimweni lapho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, esakaza imibono nesandla esivulekile, kodwa ngakolunye - indima social wombuso kanye izimfuno ezenziwe ngumphakathi maqondana nenqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, anda, imibono emisha waqala ukwakha ngohlobo sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo isimo. isimo Welfare - isimo manje elibonwayo njengendlela ezosetshenziswa kokukhipha ukuphikisana phakathi netinjongo tetenhlalo kanye nemithetho emakethe. Lena isici esibalulekile kakhulu kuye.

Ukuyekwa kwezindlela indima paternalistic

isimo nenhlalakahle, ngokungafani kuya okuthiwa "isimo nenhlalakahle", namuhla ivame ukuba ayiyeke le indima paternalistic. Kuhloswe, ukuqeda ukuncika. isimo Welfare - isimo esibonakala yisifiso ukudala izimo ezikahle ukuze inkampani ngokusebenzisa umnotho emakethe, kuba emphakathini ngamakhasimende.

periodization ukuthuthukiswa

Waqala ku 90 maphakathi. ezweni lethu kwesikhathi kungenziwa ngokuthi esiteji isimo nenhlalakahle ovulekile. Kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo incwadi:

- Socialist (s 70s kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekhulwini 30 iminyaka engu-20);

- isimo esingokomthetho yezenhlalakahle (kusukela 30s kuya ekupheleni 40s kwekhulu lama-20);

- isimo abezenhlalakahle (ekupheleni 40s - 60s kwekhulu elidlule);

- isimo nenhlalakahle (50s sekwephuzile - 80s maphakathi);

- esigabeni kokuntengantenga nokubhujiswa isimo nenhlalakahle (80s - 90s maphakathi);

- isimo nenhlalakahle ovulekile (kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990 kuze kube manje).

Izimpawu isimo nenhlalakahle

Kwakheka eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 sinesithakazelo ekunqumeni imiqondo aqukethe, ngoba zonke ukwehluka okubonakala, setha elilinganiselwe izimpawu ezicindezelayo. Eyokuqala yalezi liyatholakala kubo bonke amalungu umphakathi we ababasekelayo isimo. Esesibili - ubunjalo wezomthetho inchubomgomo yembuso kwezenhlalo, ilungelo layo ukuze alawule futhi ulawule izinqubo nomphakathi. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi wezomthetho efanayo akuyona nje lokulawula yezenhlalakahle izinqubo, kodwa futhi ukuze amandla amalungelo ezenhlalo yezakhamuzi. Isimo kuyinto kutenhlalakahle. Esesithathu wesici esihlala sikhona - khona izinzuzo isabelomali nomphakathi. Okwesine - khona kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo umsebenzi, ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nokuvikelwa komphakathi. Okwesihlanu - ukuqashelwa umthwalo walo ngeleveli inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi. isimo Welfare - esimweni lapho zonke lezi zimpawu abakhona.

inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle

inqubomgomo Social - lokhu ingenye amathuluzi main esetshenziselwa ukuqaliswa isimo emphakathini. Ubudlelwano wale mithandazo nalo ngokuyinhloko ebonakaliswa kanjani ngokujulile futhi ngokugcwele lucwaningo inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, kanye ngalo ibonisa izithakazelo kanye nezidingo zezakhamuzi zawo. Ngakho, isimo nenhlalakahle - kulapho izimiso isenzo inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle.

isiqondiso salo ukuze athole imiphumela kanye nezinhloso eziphathelene nokwenza ngcono inhlalakahle social nendwangu izakhamuzi, ekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo kubantu kanye nokufinyelela isimo ukuzinza kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, ekuvimbeleni ukuvela ekhukhwini ke ukungezwani emphakathini.

imisebenzi

Ngakho, siye waphendula lo mbuzo: "?" "Yini umqondo wegama elithi" umbuso nomphakathi. Cabanga manje imisebenzi ukuthi unakho. Ekhuluma ngalo, kufanele ucabangele kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

- isimo nenhlalakahle has zonke izici bendabuko uMbuso mumbe,

- lusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe inani layo jikelele zomphakathi, ngakho postulates, kuyinto bendabuko, refracted ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu izinhloso nemigomo isimo nenhlalakahle;

- bungabonakala njengengxenye umsebenzi kwezenhlalo kanti ezinye izindlela eziqondile umsebenzi isifika isimo nenhlalakahle.

Ikakhulu, i-yokugcina kuhlanganisa:

- ezempilo nokuphepha kwabantu;

- amaqembu ekusekeleni umphakathi abangekho emphakathini amathuba phambilini;

- usekelo umzali, umndeni kanye ebuntwaneni;

- bushelelezi ngokusebenzisa imali lokwabiwa kabusha ekungalinganini emphakathini;

- athuthukisa esiza abantulayo et al.

"Human" ubukhulu

Hhayi inqubo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho kodwa futhi zokuziphatha kuphela kumiswa isimo emphakathini. Kudinga 'ongumuntu "ubukhulu. Izimpawu zalokhu isimo yilezi:

- inhlangano yeningi kwamandla izinhlelo;

- izindinganiso eziphakeme zokuziphatha sabantu, nezikhulu - ngokuyinhloko;

- engase ibe elinamandla kwezomnotho, okuyinto livumela ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo ezihlose ukuhanjiswa engenayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo akusho kakhulu yobandlululo isikhundla abanikazi;

- ukuma yezenhlalakahle yomgomo isimo, esizibonakalisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zomphakathi bese ubhala izinto ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwazo futhi abanye.

Izithiyo imi endleleni isimo kwezenhlalo eRussia

1. Izwe lethu akakamtholi ukwesekwa okwanele emthethweni, kanti eRussia isimo kwezenhlalo engakwazi ukuthembela kuzo isisekelo salo. Sakha akusiyo, njengoba in the West, isigaba esisha, ebanjwa sokugcwaliseka kwaso umthetho.

2. Russian "ungqimba maphakathi" wabanikazi Namanje hhayi kusungulwa. Kusukela impahla party-isimo ezizimele angesabi, cishe lutho waya iningi labantu wezwe lakithi.

3. Ngo-Russia, akukho umthamo kwezomnotho edingekayo ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezihlose ukuhanjiswa engenayo, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi kakhulu alimaza yokuzimela kanye nenkululeko abanikazi.

4. Ezweni lethu namanje hhayi iqedwe ayitholwa e izinhlobo eziningi ebalulekile yokuthengisa ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi akukho umncintiswano langempela.

5. Kukhona futhi akukho ovuthiwe, ithuthukiswe zomphakathi.

6. Izinga umphakathi isiRashiya, nokuziphatha kuyehla, Wacishe isiqondiso esingokomoya of ukulingana kanye nobulungiswa benhlalo. Ngosizo osopolitiki "professional" kwezombusazwe abazinze, futhi abezindaba ezishiwo ukwazi komphakathi umqondo umonakala ukuthi ezomnotho nezombusazwe azihambelani zokuziphatha.

7. Amaqembu ezombusazwe khona eRussia, izinhlelo ecacile yezenhlalakahle akudingeki.

8. Ngo inqubo ukukhululwa ukungenela isimo umphakathi Russian kuyehla indima social isimo inertia. Lokho, umphakathi uye wawela Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye isakhamuzi angikasikhohlwa emakethe amabutho kuphela.

9. Ngo-umphakathi wangempela, azikho imigomo ecacile, akukho amaphethini ilungiselelo eziphilayo ukuthi eliqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, indlela kuphela okuhlala njalo ezweni lakithi yomphakathi free ngokunembile isimo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Lokhu kumayelana hhayi kuphela eRussia, kodwa futhi wonke amanye amazwe.

Ngakho, wena baye bafunda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi "isimo omphakathi." Lesi sihloko sibhekiswe ekuhloleni izifundo ezifana nesayensi zezombusazwe kanye nesayensi. Lapho ukulethwa ukuhlolwa wesifundo sezokuhlalisana kwabantu liyadingeka unombono ngalokho isimo nenhlalakahle. Lo mqondo kufanele kuhle ukwazi zonke izakhamuzi.