Yiziphi lymph node: indawo, isakhiwo kanye nosayizi. Izizathu ukwanda lymph node

Yiziphi zamanzi? Impendulo oluphelele yombuzo uzothola e izinto sihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thina ukuchaza umfanekiso ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba kanye izizathu ukuvuvukala yakhe, nemiphumela kungenzeka, nokunye.

Uhlolojikelele

Yiziphi zamanzi? Lymph node ibizwa ngokuthi izitho neuropathy kohlelo lymph, okuyinto yenza umsebenzi yokuhlunga zemvelo. Ngokusebenzisa ngulona logeleta zonke lymph ivela izingxenye ezahlukene kanye nezinhlaka emzimbeni. Kubantu secrete amaqembu amaningana amayunithi ezinjalo, ababizwa lesifunda.

Usayizi lymph node

Ngaphandle,-lymph ibukeke round, okusaqanda, emabhontjisi-okwenyanga noma ukwakheka iribhoni-like ngezinye izikhathi. osayizi zabo zihlukene phakathi 0.5-50 amamilimitha angu noma ngaphezulu. Njengoba yaziwa, lezi zitho neuropathy kuthiwa ezinemibala umbala lemicu empunga elinamathela othini-pink. Lymph node zitholakala kuphela inkambo the kwemigudu ye-lymph , futhi ahlelwe Amahlukuzo izingcezu abafinyelela kwabayishumi eduze ngemithambo emikhulu kakhulu futhi imithambo yegazi.

ukubukeka

womuntu lymph node embozwe zezinzwa izicubu emgodleni, okuyindawo ebasiza nasesikhathini komzimba trabeculae okuthiwa noma imishayo. Zimelela ukusekelwa isakhiwo sokuqala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umzimba neuropathy kakhulu ukuthi wenza umsebenzi yokuhlunga zemvelo, siqukethe stroma. Kumiswa It is ijwabu reticular zezinzwa, okuyizinto amaseli yenqubo, ukwakha inethiwekhi ngakuthathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, stroma siqukethe phagocytic izinto (noma ama-macrophage), izindlala zamanzi amelwe izinhlobo eziningana.

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi engeyokuqala lymph

On ingxenye-lymph ngokushesha ikhomba esishintshashintshayo ezimbili ezinkulu. Eduzane imvilophi - cortex. It ukuhlukanisa ubuso ingxenyana isifunda ezijulile cortex (noma okuthiwa ungqimba paracortical). Ukuze zone engaphakathi engeyokuqala lymph zihlanganisa medulla.

Yonke isikhala yomzimba ligcwele lymphoid. Le ndawo ebusweni cortex, okuyinto eduze igobolondo, kukhona Izigaxana ezincane noma follicle. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi banayo emaphakathi ukukhanya ingxenye (isikhungo germinative), lapho kuphakanyiswa B-lymphocyte futhi antigen-ayanda, kanye ebusweni amnyama, equkethe inqwaba eduze zishiyane komunye nomunye kanye lymphocyte sasivumela encane.

Umgomo we operation

Ngo-lymphocyte paracortical zone esilinganayo ngokulinganayo futhi Friend kakhulu. Kule ngxenye umzimba ubuswa T-lymphocyte. Lapha ebhekene kwamangqamuzana futhi ekwandeni antigen. Ngokuqondene medulla, amahlukuzo lymphoid ebuchosheni siveza imicu (myelinated noma izintambo), okuyinto uthuthe ebusweni uqweqwe B-lymphocyte.

Umgomo we operation isitho neuropathy kuyinto okulandelayo: ama-lymph ogeleza ISIZINDA ahamba phambili nohlangothi ayizindunduma umkhumbi, futhi ageleza aphume ingxenye ngilugweda ekhuthazelayo. Kulokhu, ngaphakathi engeyokuqala lymph kunalokho kancane engena isikhala ngokuthi sinuses. Basuke etholakala phakathi kwesikhumba futhi trabeculae, futhi lymphoid.

Njengoba imithambo yegazi, isikhala elingaphakathi engeyokuqala has ulwelwesi ayo, kwakhiwa okuyinto amaseli Littoral noma somhlaba. Njengomthetho, izinqubo zabo iqondiswe ku-itheku, lapho mbeni amaseli reticular. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokungafani nezitsha ezivamile kuleli ingaphakathi itheku akuyona free, ngoba ivinjiwe ngokuphelele inethiwekhi ngakuthathu. Ngenxa yalesi lymph isakhiwo ngokufaka iyunithi, kancane engena, okuyinto enomthelela yayo bahlanza ngokucophelela emizimbeni angaphandle. Futhi, le nqubo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ama-macrophage, sise emaphethelweni lokubolekwa lymph. Phela, ngesikhathi ukudlula Sine (medulla) lymph elihlale ngokugcwele kanye namasosha omzimba tyazhu (ubuchopho) esikhiqiza uketshezi olungenambala olusegazini amaseli.

Yiziphi zamanzi?

Yiziphi lymph node, sithole aphume. Ubani ofuna ongakhuluma ngazo, kungani siyidinga lezi zindikimba. Iqiniso ukuthi esilazayo lymph node iletha okuthiwa antigen angaphandle. Lokhu kuphumela ekuthuthukisweni mzimba impendulo ukusabela izitho. Kuye uhlobo nohlobo imizimba angaphandle, ukusabela okunjalo kungase ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ezindaweni kwangaphandle nangekhatsi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba ukwanda kancane obonakalayo futhi oqinile osayizi ISIZINDA. Ngakho, kungashiwo ngokuphepha kuqashelwe ukuthi izitho neuropathy amelwa uhlobo isithiyo ekusakazeni ukutheleleka hhayi kuphela ehlukene kodwa futhi umdlavuza. Ngemva engeyokuqala kungaba uvuthwe amaseli zokuzivikela ezizibandakanyile ekubhujisweni antigen angaphandle kanye nezinye izinto.

Baphi-lymph?

Lymph node (isithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) kukhona emzimbeni womuntu neqembu elikhulu, lapho kukhona cishe izingcezu kweshumi. Basuke etholakala ukuze avimbele ukuthuthukiswa izifo eziningi kanye nomdlavuza. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ISIZINDA etholakala eduze ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezitho izinhlelo, okungukuthi indololwane nedolo emphethweni, emakhwapheni futhi imbilapho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi akuphi ku entanyeni, esifubeni kanye esiswini. Ngakho, izindlala zamanzi awunikezi ukuvikeleka okuphelele ezifweni ezihlukahlukene futhi izimila ikhanda.

izinhlobo ISIZINDA

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo zokuhlunga okunjalo akukhona kuphela ezindaweni eshiwo ngenhla. Limfokapillyary kuyovama kubo bonke izitho zangaphakathi. Nokho, lapho benza umsebenzi ofanayo.

Ngakho, kukhona amaqembu amaningana lymph node emzimbeni, okuyilezi:

• intrathoracic;
• bronchopulmonary;
• indololwane;
• ubende;
• para-yomthambo i-aorta;
• mesenteric;
• iliac (yangaphandle, kwangaphakathi, futhi jikelele);
• inguinal (olukha phezulu futhi ngokujulile);
• ithanga;
• popliteal.

Kungani evuvukele zamanzi?

Izizathu ukwanda e-lymph - ezihlukahlukene nezifo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubufakazi abasafufusa iqhubu sokuhlupheka ngokunembile endaweni lapho itholakala. Ngokuvamile, ukwanda ama-lymph node ehambisana nanoma iyiphi ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu zokugula kwenzeka ku isizinda lesion lwesimila.

Ngakho, ake sihlolisise, kungani, futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izifo kukhona nokwanda kokungabi izindlala zamanzi izingane kanye nabantu abadala:

• Ubovu izinqubo. Ngokuvamile, nge ukuphambuka ezinjalo okuthiwa lymphadenitis oyingozi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile kakhulu ngenxa ingress amagciwane izilonda, okuyinto zitholakala nokuthola indawo ye isitho neuropathy. Izimpawu eyinhloko ukuvuvukala zihlanganisa ukubukeka isisa ububomvu. Uma ngesikhathi okunjalo akukhona ukuba embule Bump okuholela, inhlangano igobolondo amakhefu futhi ubomvu ngeke ukungena nezicubu eziseduze, ngaleyo ndlela ngempela inkinga okunzima ngokuthi phlegmon.
• Lakhulisiwe lymph node ezinganeni ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuthi isifo sofuba. Ngokuvamile, ngaleso enjalo uhlevane isifo kwakheka umgodi thoracic nasentanyeni.
• Ngokuvamile imbangela lakhulisiwe izindlala zamanzi abantwana igciwane Bartonella. Abathwali amagciwane zinjalo ikati, ogama imihuzuko zingaqhubekela nasemkhakheni ingane. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi izilonda lisakazeka igciwane ngokushesha kakhulu limfososudam futhi ku ISIZINDA, okuyinto ukwandisa kamuva futhi babe buhlungu ngempela. Ngakho, isikhathi eside ingaluqedi iqhubeka isilonda, kanye Isigaxa zikaphayini, eyabonakala olandelayo, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ezisikisela ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo "ikati ekuqaleni".
• Lapho-SARS e abadala kanye nezingane kungaba kuze amaqembu amaningana evuvukele zamanzi. Isizathu salokhu ukuphambuka kuwukweqisa izivikeli mzimba ekuphenduleni ayehlasela umzimba lesiguli amagciwane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo ama-lymph node inyuka akuzona enamandla kakhulu, kodwa ngempela okubuhlungu palpation.
• Izifo Venereal, ngokukhethekile, ugcunsula, futhi ibe imbangela lakhulisiwe zamanzi. Kulokhu, isiguli ukubukisisa izigaxa wakhe endaweni imbilapho, kanye nezilonda ezithweni zangasese. Ngokungafani nezinye izifo e ugcunsula lakhulisiwe lymph node kungaba kobuhlungu, futhi ngokufanelekile, imperceptible ukuba abantu.
• Long hhayi odlulayo iqembu lakhulisiwe lymph node kungase kubonise khona izifo ezibucayi ezifana listeriosis, brucellosis, ukutheleleka nge-HIV noma mononucleosis.

Ukwandisa ISIZINDA ngemihlume

Isimila amasayithi kungenzeka ngenxa iziyaluyalu lymphoproliferative (uma ekuqaleni uvela lymph node zokuzikhukhumeza), kanye izilonda metastatic. Ukusuka lokuqala ngokuyinhloko lihlobene lymphosarcoma nezifo Hodgkin sika. Izindlala zamanzi zifo lakhuphuka lafika ku-amasentimitha ezine noma ezinhlanu futhi zithandwa obukhulu. Nokho, uma umuzwa kwakhiwa izigaxa akuzona ezibuhlungu. Phela, lo ukwanda lesekucaleni naphakathi-besisu noma intrathoracic lymph node izifo ezifana ayikwazi ayibonwa.

Kufinyeta

Manje uyazi ukuthi-lymph. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwanda neuropathy emizimbeni uhlelo kufanele ngokushesha abatshele ukuthi isiguli. Isizathu sisobala: isimo sokugembula kusikisela ukuthi zenzeka kuyingozi ngoba impilo yabo izinqubo emzimbeni womuntu. Kulokhu, kutuswa ngokushesha ubone udokotela futhi ahlolwe ngokugcwele wezokwelapha.