Abkhazia - Russia noma cha? Imephu Abkhazia

Abkhazia kuyinto izwe amazing kanye isiko eliyingqayizivele futhi umlando wasendulo. Abantu abahlala kule ndawo, ubiza lakubo ngoba: Apsny. Uma lihunyushwa, kusho "Izwe Umphefumulo."

Indawo

Abkhazia kumephu emhlabeni ihlanganisa indawo enkulu kanye oLwandle Olumnyama. It osuka emfuleni Psou phezulu kuze kufike emfuleni Inguri. Ubude leli pharadesi ngempela amakhilomitha amabili namashumi amabili. izivakashi abaningi badonseleka ilanga enhle, ulwandle-azure nomoya balmy zezintaba. Nature Abkhazia alugcini ngokwenza abantu babe nenjabulo yokuphila. It ibuyisela ubusha kanye nempilo.

Abkhazia kumephu emhlabeni itholakala esifundeni mpumalanga eCaucasus. It ithatha indawo yezwe Black Sea. Enyakatho-ke elisemngceleni ne Karachay-Cherkessia futhi Kabardino-Balkaria. Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga - ne Georgia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga - ne Krasnodar indawo.

Insimu matasa Abkhazia yisici 8700 amakhilomitha square. Kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, nobude bawo lingana kuze fike namashumi ayisithupha amakhilomitha, futhi ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu - amahlanu nane. Inhloko-dolobha ye Abkhazia lingumuzi Sukhumi. On insimu yezwe izifunda eziyisikhombisa, emadolobheni esifanayo, emizaneni emine ezigodini eziningi.

indaba

Isikhathi nesenzakalo zombuso Isi-Abkhazian Yikhulu lesishiyagalombili. Kusukela engxenyeni ekhulwini IX yesibili. kwaba ingxenye Georgia. Ekhulwini nantathu, Abkhazia iwine amaMongol-AmaTatar. Kusukela ngekhulu XVI. ukubuswa abaseTurkey. Abkhazia siyingxenye ye laseRussia laqala nomlando wayo kusukela 1810 Emva ensimini Okthoba Revolution, likahulumeni waseSoviet wayebhekwa laseGeorgia emfuleni Psou. Abkhazia ayekade afakwe lolu republic yeningi. 25.02.1921, eGeorgia eyenziwa KwamaBolshevik Icebo lika. Kakade ngoMashi 1921 e Abkhazia wamemezela amandla Soviet. Ngo-December walowo nyaka ofanayo kwaba ingxenye Georgian SSR.

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, isimo Abkhazia sasishubile. Izinxushunxushu IMisa bendawo aye abonakala ngo-1957, 1967 nango-1978. Abkhaz yafuna secession kusukela Georgian Republic.

Ikakhulukazi kwayibhebhethekisa lezi ubudlelwane ngo-1989 Mashi 18 abantu Abkhaz bahlangana emhlanganweni amathathu lapho iziphakamiso ababenziwe secede kusuka Georgia. Ngo-June 1989, izibhelu olunegazi nge Georgians senzeka ngo Sukhumi. yi wazo wawudlula eyishumi nesithupha efile. Ingxabano yaxazululwa yiziphathimandla.

Impi nge Georgia

25.08.1990 boPhezukonke oPhethe Abkhazia bamukela isimemezelo yobukhosi. Okubi kakhulu isimo sezombangazwe iphutha ngesethulo amabutho Georgian ensimini ka Abkhazia. Ngo-1992 Supreme Council of Abkhazia yamemezela ekunqanyulweni somthethosisekelo, esenziwa ngo-1978, lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-sisekelo 1925. Lo mbhalo fixed isimo doavtonomny zensimu. Kwakungeyona obonwa Georgia. Ngo parallel, ke idedelwa impi Abkhazia. Phakathi lokulwa, wasebenzisa wezikhali, izindiza kanye nezinye izikhali.

Ukusungula ukulawula ingxenye yalo, kanye lokulondolozwa ubuqotho yezwe - kuwumgomo bezingelwa Georgia. Abkhazia uye wafuna ukwandisa ilungelo lokudala ukuzimela yayo futhi sokuzibusa.
Ekupheleni 1992 impi egqoke uhlamvu oppositional. Ngiphakathi uhlangothi kule ngxabano ukuthi iwine wehluleka. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi Abkhazia futhi Georgia sasayinwa eziningi imibhalo. I izinqumo ukuqaphela ukuthi isivumelwano phezu ukumisa oluphelele lwazo zonke izimpi. Kulokhu, izikhali esindayo futhi amabutho ukushiya le nsimu kokungqubuzana.

Ngemva ukusikhohlisa, ubutha yaphinde yaqhubeka. Ngo-1993, Sukhumi, amabutho Abkhaz waqala ukulawula ukuthi wenza National Guard of Georgia ukushiya insimu ka Abkhazia.

Impi iye ziba inselele enkulu. Phakathi lokulwa, babulawa nhlangothi zombili ngabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesithupha. I umonakalo oye wabangela ukuba umnotho Abkhazia Kulinganiselwa cishe nanye dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

yokugcinwa amandla

Uhlangothi Russian isinyathelo ngokuthi umlamuleli phakathi kwezinhlangano engqubuzanayo. Ngo-May 1994 eMoscow yasayina isivumelwano ku disengagement futhi ceasefire. Esikhathini indawo ukungqubuzana ziye ayisungula amabutho CIS collective, ogama msebenzi silondoloze nevozbnovleniya umlilo.

Peacekeeping amabutho ehlanganisa amasosha Russian ukulawula ukuphepha zone amathathu-ikhilomitha phakathi Georgia ne Abkhazia.

isinyathelo UN

I Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Council yasungulwa ngo-1997 kwenzeka ngesikhathi Geneva izinkulumo. I nomsebenzi woMkhandlu ubuhanjelwe yilabo abamele i-UN, kanye Russian Federation. Nokho, ngo-2006, i-operation entsha yezempi lwaluqala Kodori Gorge. Georgia wenza shanela omkhulu ezindaweni eduze Kodori. Tbilisi Esemthethweni umemezele ukulawula Kodori Gorge.

Ngo-October 2006, i-UN Security Council yokutholwa inombolo isinqumo 1716. It ngokuthi amaqembu engqubuzanayo ziphele zonke izenzo lempi athiya inqubo yokuthula. I-UN uzwakalise ukukhathazeka ngezinga ukwehluleka iqembu Georgian isivumelwano sisayinwe e Moscow, kanye amanye amalungiselelo.

Indlela eya ukuzimela

Abkhazia - Russia noma cha? Kusukela ngo-2001, i-republic Caucasian uthethe izenzo ahlukahlukene efuna ukungena CIS. Ufuna ukuhlanganisa ne Russia, kuyilapho esaziwa ilungelo geqe. Nokho, nezikhulu Russian wukuthi amandla enkulu alamukeli leli thuba. Lokhu kwashiwo ngu Ambassador Russian Georgia uVladimir Chkhikvishvili ngo-2003

passport Yangaphakathi e Abkhazia yazuza ayesekhona kusukela 2005 lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze ukuba engu-nane.

Okwamanje, Abkhazia - Russia noma cha? Cha Nokho, Russian uMongameli VV Putin kwaba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo yomphakathi ngensimu post-Soviet ziye waqaphela njengoba ezimele, efana isimo eKosovo. Kule ndaba, Ministry Foreign Russian labetibambile zokubonana nodokotela uMongameli Abkhazia futhi Transnistria. Bagqunywa 2006

Transnistria, Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia ngonyaka ofanayo yasayina isivumelwano "Ngo Ukubambisana mutual nobungane." Kwakubuye kube ukudala umphakathi republic ezintathu, ogama umgomo kwaba umzabalazo wamalungelo kanye nentando yeningi lezizwe. Ngo umsebenzi Uhlaka lokhu isakhiwo zihlanganisa nokubambisana kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe, kanye nekusungulwa ukuthula amabutho ahlomile uyakwazi esikhundleni wezempi Russian.

Abkhazia namuhla

Okwamanje kuba republic kamongameli. Izimfanelo kukhona state ingoma yayo ifulege futhi isibonakaliso. The esiphezulu umzimba zomthetho - weSigungu Sikazwelonke kanye iPhalamende. Ngqongqotshe imelelwa uMongameli futhi iKhabhinethi of Izikhonzi.

Abkhazia - Russia noma cha? Cha I-Republic of Abkhazia - geqe. De jure ukhona emphakathini international ongakabi ayibonwa. Iningi Democrats zicake umqali nezenzo waseRussia abangu labizwa ngokuthi i kuhlaselwa Georgia.

Ngo-2008 kwaba khona eziya ziba zimbi kokungqubuzana. ibutho eGeorgia wenza umzamo ukuba ziyombamba South Ossetia. On the ingxenye izinyathelo zezombusazwe Russian Benziwe. Russian Federation neyaziwayo kutimela South Ossetia futhi Abkhazia. Nokho, wanxusa amanye uthi ukulandela isibonelo yayo.

Abkhazia siyingxenye ye Russia akuyona. Yena kubhekwa republic ehlukile. Iningi labantu wezwe izakhamuzi Russian. Yanikwa kuye eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Iqiniso lokuthi Abkhazia kuyingxenye Russia, iningi baseRussia ukucabanga. Uma kwenzeka uvakashela leli zwe akudingeki i-visa, futhi izindlela zokukhokha e-Republic of the Russian Federation izimpawu yemali.

Ngemva Mashi inhlolovo ngo-2014 eRussia wajoyina eCrimea yakhe. Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia yaqinisa mpikiswano mayelana isimo salo esizayo.

Amazwe ukuthi baye baqaphela isimo ezizimele

Kuwo wonke umlando Apsny kwaba ezweni engaziwa. Kuze kube manje, liye obonwa oyilungu ezinhlanu UN. Okokuqala wenza Russia. Ngo-September 2008, Nicaragua uye waqaphela Abkhazia ngo-September 2009 - Venezuela, ngo-December 2009 - Nauru, ngo-September 2011, - Tuvalu. Ukuthola uzibuse republic neyaziwayo njengoba iNingizimu-Ossetia kunabamemezeli Transnistria futhi Nagorno-Karabakh.

umngcele

Abkhazia - Russia noma cha? Cha Yingakho ukuze ungene ezweni, kudingeka bewela umngcele ngokusebenzisa okuseshwa. Omunye wabo - "Psou" - iseduze Adler. Ngalesi okuseshwa kusukela Sochi ibhasi njalo ngemizuzu emihlanu kuya nanhlanu uhamba ngebhasi. Ukuze uthole ku Abkhazia, kwanele ukuba abe evamile ipasipoti yangaphakathi. Izingane kudingeka isitifiketi sokuzalwa kuphela. onogada basemngceleni ngezinye izikhathi kungase ucele imvume ukuze ushiye Russian Federation ingane ezincane, okumele notarized ahlotshiswa.

Capital kanye Abkhazia izifunda

Isikhungo zokuphatha weRiphabhulikhi lingumuzi Sukhum. Imephu Abkhazia kubonisa indawo yayo. Itholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-geqe, oLwandle Olumnyama, ogwini Sukhumi Bay. Omunye anamakhulu asixhenxe ukusuka edolobheni - komngcele Russia. Isimo kwedolobha Sukhum has kusukela 1848

Kusukela enyakatho nasempumalanga we dolobha Abkhazia ivikelwe izintaba. Ngokuqondene nalokhu sezulu kule ndawo pretty eliphuphile. Ngisho nalapho ezindaweni foothill yezwe namanje abandayo kakhulu, e Sukhum ukuqhakaza ngomuthi, mimosa wavuka. Iqhwa lapha iyisici ivelakancane. Kuwo lo nyaka, kukhona mayelana amabili namashumi amabili izinsuku sunny.

Ngisho e 1898, i-World Congress of Physicians Sukhum wayebhekwa njengoba indawo engcono emhlabeni, okuyinto enomthelela ngcono iziguli yamaphaphu. Futhi konke lokhu sibonga sezulu esihle, izimila nakwezifudumele, ulwandle nakho emoyeni ionized.

Imephu Abkhazia liqala ukusitshela ngo-izifunda weRiphabhulikhi. Omunye wabo Gagra. ukuphatha kwakhe lingumuzi Gagra isenti. Elikhulu kunawo wonke labantu izikhungo - Pitsunda Bzyb, Gechripsh futhi Tsandripsh. Ngokungafani endaweni iyona uvundile zokungcebeleka. Kule ndawo kukhona Rizza echibini. endaweni ezungezwe nge Russian Krasnodar esifundeni.

The yokungcebeleka edolobheni Gagra (Abkhazia), ezijwayele cishe wonke umuntu. It is elisogwini olusentshonalanga Black Sea. Lokhu resort olunothile ingamakhilomitha angu amathathu nesithupha kusukela Sochi Airport. It ivikelwe ezintabeni emimoyeni ebandayo. Nakuba insimu yalo imisiwe ulwandle izikhatha zomoya oshisayo. Kusukela eziphakeme ezahlukene ezintabeni ensungubezini kanye nokubuyekeza lula ukupholisa umoya edolobheni. Gagra kubhekwa indawo driest futhi wawushisa kunayo yonke eyaziwayo lonke ugu Caucasian yoLwandle Olumnyama. Lapha, isilinganiso lokushisa laminyaka yonke kuwubufakazi degrees nanhlanu. Winter e efudumele futhi ezithambile. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka enomoya lomoya lifudumeza kuze kube degrees eziyisikhombisa.

Yokungcebeleka, okuyinto manje uqhosha Abkhazia (bheka ngezansi isithombe), yasungulwa ngumuntu isihlobo Nicholas mina - Prince AP Oldenburg. Wathatha iqhaza ukuguqulwa zedolobhakazi endaweni egcwele bawente. Telegraph Yakhiwa, amanzi, isimo sezulu esiteshini. Lesi siqiwu, wabeka ogwini, ehlotshiswe agave, orange futhi kugcwele izihlahla zikalamula, neyamasundu cypresses. I izivakashi yokuqala efika emzini ngo-1911

Esinye isenzakalo sasogwini lolwandle esifunda impilo yokungcebeleka owaziwa iyona Pitsunda edolobheni. Itholakala amakhilomitha amabili nanhlanu eningizimu Gagra. Climate Pitsunda efana Sochi. He is nakwezifudumele futhi kunomswakama. The yokungcebeleka idume pine ihlathi layo eliyingqayizivele ngempela - okusele yezimila YaseCrimea-zaseCaucasia lasendulo. Manje insimu ka esiqiwini isimo. Ukuxuba ulwandle futhi wasentabeni ne-ozone labelwe izihlahla relict zikaphayini kwenza kuleyo ndawo microclimate ekwelapheni ngempela.

Iyunithi esilandelayo division yokungamela endaweni Gudautsky. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo endaweni itholakala edolobheni Gudauta. Ngaphezu nemizana yakhe enkulu Novy Afon futhi Lykhny. Gudauta wesifunda nguye kuphela kuleli zwe ukuthi phakathi empini nge Georgia kwakuqondiswa ngokuphelele nguhulumeni Isi-Abkhazian.

Gudauta kubhekwe resort Ogwini lolwandle. Isimo sezulu zinomswakama nakwezifudumele. Ubusika emnene. Samaholidi ihlala unyaka wonke kuleli dolobha. Gudauta idume izingadi zayo, ezimila emasimini nezithelo ezisawolintshi. Ngo indawo ephakeme eduze nolwandle epaki edolobheni. Kusukela enyakatho futhi enyakatho-mpumalanga kuya Gudauta eduze Ukhahlamba of eCaucasus khahlamba, iziqongo zazo embozwe yiqhwa okungenani ayisikhombisa izinyanga zomnyaka.

The yokungcebeleka itholakala ogwini lolwandle bay. Kube amatshe amabhishi, kodwa empumalanga bona esikhundleni isihlabathi. Isizini ukubhukuda iqala maphakathi no-May futhi ihlala kuze Okthoba. The yokungcebeleka Kunconywa iziguli pathologies izinhlelo zokuphefumula, zenhliziyo futhi ethukile, kanye iziyaluyalu umzimba.

Ngo Sukhumi wesifunda, ngaphezu enhlokodolobha, emadolobheni amakhulu nasemadolobheni kukhona Pskhu futhi Yashthua. Ngo Gulrypshskom - Gulripshi, Azshara futhi Caban.

Eningizimu ye-Kodori Ridge labantu umhlali Ochamchira wesifunda.
The main edolobheni endaweni Tkuarchal, idokhumenti kungaqali Georgia - Tkuarchal. Umthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo ezezimali nesabelomali isifunda inkampani Turkish "Tamsash". It is waziphatha izimayini zamalahle emgodini ovulekile. Budebuduze esifundeni capital Mount Lashkendar. It is njengelinye lamazwe ezingcwele eziyisikhombisa Abkhaz. Ngo Abkhazia, ikhona indawo - Gal. labantu Its main - Megrels.

uhlobo

Georgia, Abkhazia, Ossetia ... Imephu uthi ezintathu Transcaucasian ungase uchaze ezikhangayo esemqoka esifundeni futhi iyafika.

Uma unquma ukuvakashela Abkhazia, ungabona ukuthi lena ibe yizwe lezintaba. Baqala kakade ikhilomitha ukusuka olwandle. A kancane okwengeziwe - amawa mpo, emihosheni nokhahlo neendlela ambalwa.

Ngenxa emifuleni okusheshayo, izintaba, ezilwandle nakuzo izitshalo nakwezifudumele Abkhazia kuyinto onqenqemeni olunothile kakhulu. Relief insimu ka-republic imele iqhubezela main eCaucasus Ukhahlamba. uhlu Bahlanganisa Abkhazia, Kodori, Gagsky futhi Bzybsky. Iphuzu esiphezulu e Abkhazia kubhekwa Mount Dombai-Ulgen. Its ukuphakama - 4048 m.

Eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe iyona Colchis elisezansi. Phakathi ke izintaba inamagquma elaliphansi. Ngo Abkhazia, emihumeni eziningi. Ejulile konke eplanethini yethu - Krubera Raven. It ikhona eduze Gagra. I womhume ukujula 2080m.

I thutheleka fula badabula leyo ndawo ye-republic basonta umcengezi Black Sea. Elikhulu kunawo wonke kulo bayizinkulungwane Kyalasup futhi Cawdor, futhi Gumista Bzyb. Bonke bangabangasokile ezijulile. Nokho, amakhono abo emifula likhulu kakhulu. Amandla Abkhazia emifuleni bathambekele imvula noma iqhwa. On endaweni Gagra wesifunda kuthatha emfuleni emfushane emhlabeni. Ubude bayo amamitha nesishiyagalombili kuphela. Ekuqaphela amadamu ezifana Lake Riza futhi Gegsky impophoma.

flora ahlukahlukene kakhulu Abkhazia. Lapha kukhona angaphezu kwamathathu futhi inkulungwane isigamu zezitshalo. Cishe isigamu indawo wezwe ehlanganiswa kwamahlathi. Zikhula izihlahla lezihlahla - oki, hornbeam, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela nokunye Midlands eziningi amahlathi fir nesihlahla sonwele ... Phansi kwalezi okwedlula amakhilomitha amabili ahlelwe Alpine Meadows futhi oluyisigwegwe. Ngisho ephakeme - iqhwa okuphakade noma izitshalo enamadwala-gravelly.

Phakathi zilwane ezinkulu ezitholakala ezindaweni amahlathi Abkhazia, ama-lynx, esizalela, Roe izinyamazane kanye nezinyamazane obomvu, izingulube zasendle kanye izimpungushe. Emanzini uhlalwe trout ne-salmon esethinini, perch kanye nezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi.