Ziyini ama-antibiotics kubantu abadala nabantwana?

Noma yimuphi umuntu omdala uyazi ukuthi ukubandwa kwemithi akuyona isizathu sokuqala ukuthatha ama-antibiotic. Imithi enjalo, yilezi zithonya kakhulu amagciwane, futhi kuba lula ukuba umuntu afike ngosuku olulandelayo, kodwa angenza umonakalo omkhulu. Uma lesi sifo sisesimweni sokuqala, singanqotshwa kalula ngokuphuza kakhulu, izidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane kanye nokuphumula kombhede. Kodwa kwezinye izimo ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic akakwazi ukukwenza.

Ukuhlaziywa kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuxilongwa okulungile

Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela athole ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic we- ARVI ukwelashwa, kuzotholakala ukuhlola okuningi. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga azizange zijoyine amakhaza avamile. Uma ukukhwehlela kukhona, isiko lesi-sputum sizokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo jikelele kuzonikezwa. Ukuze unqume ukuthi ama-antibiotic ayadingeka yini ku-ARVI, i-smear esuka ekhaleni nasemphinjeni izosiza. Uma kunesifo sofuba, singabonakala ngokushesha. Isizathu esiqakathekile sokuqokwa kwe-antibiotic therapy ukuhlonza induku kaLe Lefler (i-causative agent of diphtheria).

Ukuze uphenye ngokucophelela, udokotela anganikeza isiguli ukuba enze ucwaningo esibhedlela. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlola zonke izivivinyo ze-laboratory ezidingekayo futhi ugcine isimo sesiguli. Ukuhlola igazi kwegazi kuzokwenziwa izikhathi eziningana. Udokotela kufanele anake ukuthi ngabe i-ESR iyanda yini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lama-leukocyte landa.

Ake sinake isimo sempilo

Okunamathiselwe kokutheleleka kwamagciwane kungenziwa isimo somzimba jikelele. Njengomthetho, izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphuka kakhulu. Uma ubanda buyinkimbinkimbi yi-pneumonia, isiguli siyoba nokuphefumula futhi sihlasele kakhulu ukukhwehlela. Kulokhu, i-ARVI iphathwa ngama-antibiotic nakanjani.

Kufanelekile ukunaka umbala wokukhishwa emakhaleni nasemphinjeni. Uma i-mucus ithola umnyama omnyama noma ohlaza, kungenzeka ukuthi izinkinga zenzeke. Ngokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kwesistimu ye-urogenital, umchamo uba mbala, kuncibilika kuwo, okubonakala kalula ngamehlo. Ezingxenyeni zezinhlanzi, ungabona igazi noma ipus.

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi emva kokuqala kwezifo zokuphefumula eziyingozi kudlule izinsuku eziningana kakade, futhi ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane akunikezi imiphumela. Ukwengeza, izimpawu ezingezelele ezengeziwe zingase zivele, njengezinsizwa, isicashu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emaphashini nase-bronchi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tonsils angaba nesimbozo esinamafutha, ubuhlungu emqaleni buyanda.

Uma kwenzeka izinkinga, udokotela kufanele anqume ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic angayifaka ku-ARVI. Isigulane sesiguli, umlando, ukutholakala kwamagciwane, ukusungulwa kwamakhemikhali, njll njll. Cabanga izidakamizwa zokulwa nezidakamizwa ngaphandle kokuvumelana nesiphakamiso asikhuthazwa.

Kunini lapho kungenzeka khona ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics?

Ngisho noma ukuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri kubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, ama-antibiotics we-ARVI awavunyelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ungalali imithi ye-rhinitis engama-cycopurulent, ehlala engaphansi kwamasonto amabili. Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kuqala kuphela uma ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral kunganiki umphumela omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-antibiotic ayinqunyelwe i-tracheitis, i-tonsillitis yegciwane, i-nasopharyngitis, i-laryngitis. Amagciwane we-antibacterial nawo awafanelanga ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwe-herpesvirus, engenzeka ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokutheleleka kwesandulela ngculaza.

Kukhona amacala lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane okulwa kuyadingeka ukuze kube nezimpawu zokuqala ezibandayo. Uma kuboniswa izimpawu zokunciphisa izidakamizwa zokuzivikela zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi umzimba onobuthakathaka onamathuba aphezulu okujoyina ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. I-antibiotics ye-ARVI yezingane inqunywe uma kwenzeka ukungabi nesisindo esikhulu noma lapho kukhona khona okungavamile ngokomzimba.

Izinkomba zokumisa ama-antibiotics

Ama-antibiotics ka-ARVI kubantu abadala kanye nezingane anqunyiwe ngokuyinhloko uma kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ze-angina noma i-pneumonia. Udokotela angabhalwa izidakamizwa ezivela eqenjini lama-penicillin noma ama-macrolides. Nge-lymphadenitis ene-purulent, ama-antibiotiki wezinyathelo eziningi ezenziweyo anqunywe . Uma izinkinga ezinjalo zenzeka, kunesidingo sokubonisana okwengeziwe nge-hematologist kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo.

Njengoba i-ARVI, ukuvuvukala kwezono ze-paranasal kungakhula. I-Sinusitis iyimbangela ebalulekile yokukhathazeka. Uma impumu evamile ye-runny ibonakala i-mucus isuka futhi ubuhlungu obuphuzi nobuhlungu emakhaleni, kunengqondo ukubuyela ku-LOR. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kuyosiza ukubeka ucwaningo lwe-X ray. Ama-antibiotics we-ARVI kubantwana nakubantu abadala endabeni ye-sinusitis iqala i-otolaryngologist.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kunqunyelwe izinhloso ze-prophylactic. Iziguli ezisanda kutholakala ukwelashwa okuhlinzeka ukwelapha i-ARVI ngama-antibiotics. Kulokhu, ukulungiswa kwe-spectrum ebanzi kungahle kunqunywe. Faka isicelo kuzoba okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzama ukuvikela isiguli kusukela ekuthuthukiseni nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezibhekene nesimo sokuncipha kwengculazi.

Yiziphi antibiotics ezingahle zenziwe?

Ngokuya ngesimo sezinkinga, isimo sesiguli nesiguli sakhe, udokotela ukhetha imithi elwa nokulwa nobugebengu. Ama-antibiotics wechungechunge lwe-penicillin angahle anqunywe kuphela kulawo magciwane angenakwenzeka ekuphenduleni kwemizwa. Ngama-angina, imishanguzo enjenge-"Ecoclave", "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin" ingabekwa. Le yimithi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-penicillin evikelwe." Zinomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu.

Uma izifo zesimiso sokuphefumula zivame ukukhethwa ngama-macrolides. "Macropen", "Zetamax" - ama-antibiotic ku-ARVI kubantu abadala, uma i-bronchitis iqala. Ngezifo zezingxenye ze-ENT, izidakamizwa "zifakiwe", "Chemomycin", "Azitrox" zingabekwa.

Uma ukumelana namagciwane eqembu le-penicillin kwenzeka, ama-antibiotic avela ezinombolweni ze-fluoroquinolones anqunyelwe. Leli "Levofloxacin" noma "i-Moxifloxacin". Ama-fluoroquinolones - ama-antibiotic avinjelwe i-ARVI kubantwana. Ama-skeleton wezingane asengakhiwe ngokwanele, ngakho-ke ukuphendula okungaqondakali okuhlangenwe nakho kungase kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fluoroquinolones ikhonjelwe ukugcina izidakamizwa ezingadingeka ngumuntu esikhathini esikudala. Ngokushesha lapho beqala ukuthatha, ngokushesha umlutha uzokhula.

Udokotela kufanele akhethe i-antibiotic engcono kakhulu ye-ARVI, ngokusekelwe ezicini zomzimba wesiguli kanye nesimo sezinkinga. Ochwepheshe kufanele benze konke ukusiza isiguli ukuba sinqobe lesi sifo kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu, sigweme noma yikuphi ukuphendula komhlangothi. Inkinga iyanzima ukuthi iqiniso ukuthi minyaka yonke amagciwane ayaqina kakhulu emithini ye-antibacterial yezenzo eziningi.

Kanjani kahle ukuthatha ama-antibiotics?

Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic ku-ARVI kuyadingeka kuphela uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo. I-Coryza nokukhwehlela ngesimo esibucayi kuphathwa kahle ngezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane. Ukwelapha okwengeziwe kwenziwa uma izinkinga ziqala, futhi ukutheleleka kwama-bacterium kuhlanganisa nezimpawu zomkhuhlane. Uma ukushisa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, kutholakala ukukhishwa kwamagciwane, isimo esijwayelekile sesiguli siba nzima, futhi ama-antibiotic anqunywe.

Yonke imininingwane ekudleni kwama-antibiotics kufanele kube kuhle ukurekhoda kubhuku elikhethekile. Ezilwaneni ezincane ze-pathogenic ukuvimbela izifo zokulwa nama-antibacterial kungenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa akukwazi ukuqala ngezidakamizwa ezinamandla. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga, udokotela ngokuqinisekile uzobuza ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic athathwe ngaphambilini ku-ARVI. Isidakamizwa esifanayo asikwazi ukunikeza umphumela omuhle ngokufanayo ekwelapheni iziguli ezahlukene.

Ukuze ukhethe ama-antibiotic afanelekayo e-ARVI, kufanelekile ukuqhuba isiko le-bacteria. Ngakho-ke kuyokwazi ukunquma ukuzwela kwezinsizakalo ezincane ezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane. Inkinga ingaba kuphela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri kungadlulela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isimo sesiguli singase sibi kakhulu.

Ama-antibiotics omkhuhlane kanye ne-ARVI kufanele athathwe ngokuqinile ngokweqhinga. Kuyinto eyodwa kuphela ukukhohlwa ngemithi, futhi futhi izimpawu ezingathandeki zalesi sifo zizovela. Phakathi kokuthola amaphilisi kufanele kudlule isikhathi esithile sesikhathi. Uma lesi sidakamizwa sithathwa kabili ngosuku, kufanele senziwe ngokuqinile emva kwamahora angu-12.

Zingaki izinsuku ama-antibiotics asetshenzisiwe?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo e-ARVI izoqoka udokotela, thatha okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngolunye usuku olulandelayo emva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwama-antibacterial isiguli sizozwa ukukhululeka okukhulu kwesimo sakhe. Kodwa akukho mkhuba ongaphazamisa ukwelashwa. Isikhathi sokuthatha izidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane kunqunywa umuthi.

Kukhona ama-antibiotikthi wezenzo ezide, ezibekiwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuthola kwabo luhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana. Isiguli kufanele siphuze amaphilisi izinsuku ezintathu, bese uthatha ikhefu isikhathi esifanayo sesikhathi. Ukwamukelwa kwezidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial kwenzeka emaqoqweni amathathu.

Ukwamukelwa kwama-probiotics

Noma yimaphi ama-antibiotic ayasebenza hhayi kuphela ngama-pathogens, kodwa nalabo abazuzayo. Ngenkathi yokwelapha, i-microflora yemathumbu yemvelo iyaphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuthatha imithi engabuyisa isimo esivamile somzimba. Imithi emihle inezidakamizwa ezinjalo njenge-Bifiform, i-Linex, i-Narine, i-Gastrofarm. Akufanele nje kuthathe ama-probiotics, kodwa futhi udle imikhiqizo yobisi enothile kakhulu. Izidakamizwa zithathwa ngesikhathi sekhefu phakathi kokuthatha ama-antibiotic.

Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukugcina ukudla okukhethekile. Kufaneleka ukudla imifino nezithelo, ukuyeka ukudla okunamafutha nokudla okubabayo. Noma yimaphi ama-antibiotic e-ARVI kubantu abadala nasezingane acindezela isibindi. Kudingeka udle ukudla okulula okungeke kugcizelele isitho. Isinkwa esimhlophe sinesifiso sokufaka esikhundleni sesimnyama, futhi izithelo ezomile ziyoba yindlela engcono kakhulu emaswidi.

Antibacterials kubantu abadala

I-Cephalosporins yi- antibacterial semisynthetic yesenzo esiningi. Kunezizukulwane eziningana zalezi zimali. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-"Asperer", "uCeporin", "Cephalexin". Zingahle zenziwe ngezifo ezihlukahlukene zesimiso sokuphefumula. "I-Aspetil" nayo ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezingane, uma nje isiguli sinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-25 kg.

Ama-fluoroquinolones yizidakamizwa ezisezingeni elibanzi ezithinteka kalula ezinhloboneni eziluhlaza. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi- "Levofloxacin" ne "Moxifloxacin". Lezi zidakamizwa eziphikisana nezidakamizwa ziphikisana nabantwana, abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation, kanye nabantu abahlukunyezwa. Kukhona futhi amacala okubhekana nesifo esibi kakhulu ku-fluoroquinolones. Lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziswa kabili ngosuku 500 mg.

Ama-macrolides yizidakamizwa ezinomphumela we-bacteriological. Zingabhalwa ezinkingeni ezinjalo izifo eziphefumula zokuphefumula njenge-bronchitis, i-tonsillitis, i-otitis, i-maxillary sinusitis, i-pneumonia. Ama-macrolides afaka i- "Azithromycin" no-"Erythromycin". Kunzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo, nge-ARVI, yiyiphi imithi emibi kakhulu yama-antibiotic. Phela, umphumela wokuthatha ama-macrodedi ungabonakala emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3 kuphela. Lezi zidakamizwa zivunyelwe ukuthathwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation. Izinga lansuku zonke lomuthi alinakudlula i-1.5 g (ihlukaniswe ngama-reception 5-6).

Ama-penicillin ama-antibiotic asithinta i-streptococci kanye ne-staphylococci. Okuvamile kakhulu imithi enjenge- "Amoxiclav", "i-Amoxicillin". Leli qembu lemithi elwa namagciwane libhekwa njengento enobuhlungu kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okusemandleni ekwelapheni kwezingane. Ukuphumelela kokwamukela kungabonakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Inkambo jikelele yokwelapha kufanele ihlale okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ezimweni ezinzima kunazo zonke, ama-penicillin athatha izinsuku ezingu-10-14.

Yiziphi antibiotics ezivame ukushiwo izingane ku-ARVI?

Ezifo zesiphetho sokuphefumula, izinsana ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu zivame ukushiwo i- "Augmentin". Lesi sidakamizwa sinikezwa kuma-pharmacy ngesimo se-powder. Yenziwa ukumiswa futhi inikezwe izingane izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase kube khona ukusabela okweqile ngendlela yokushona. Umphumela omuhle wokwelashwa ungabonakala kakade usuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic.

Ngenkinga enjalo yezifo eziphefumulayo zokuphefumula, njenge-otitis, tonsillitis, cystitis, sinusitis, izingane zingabelwa "Zinatsef". Isidakamizwa sinikezwa njengesisombululo somjovo. Umthamo unqunywe yisikhathi nesisindo somntwana. Isidakamizwa sihlanjululwa ngamanzi.

"Ukufakela i-Forte" kungenye imithi ethandwa kakhulu ekwelapheni kwezingane. I-antibacterial agent inesenzo esikhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuba unqobe lesi sifo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Isidakamizwa Sumamed sinqatshelwe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Ukulungiselela kuhlinzekwa ngendlela ye-powder, ehlanjululwayo ekumiswe. Isilinganiso sibalwa ngokususelwa kwesisindo somntwana (10 mg ngalinye nge-1 kg yesisindo somzimba). Isidakamizwa sithathwa kanye ngosuku.