Zonke-wheel drive izithuthuthu. Motorcycle "Ural" wonke-wheel drive

Isihloko ekutshela ngomlando izithuthuthu esindayo-four-wheel drive, okungukuthi isithuthuthu esindayo "Ural", izici zayo lobuchwepheshe kanye amathuba, kanye yiziphi onobuhle wohlu sha.

Umlando omncane

Abalandeli gibela umoya phezu ezimbili ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa "yensimbi ihhashi" Ngokuqinisekile ngiyazi ukuthi imisebenzi yangaphandle, ukuvakasha zwe futhi banqobe obukhulu kangcono off-road ezine-wheel drive akanayo izithuthuthu. Phakathi kwazo isithuthuthu "Ural", ifakwe ezine-wheel drive.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi kuqala wonke-wheel drive isithuthuthu uvele cishe 100 edlule e-UK. It sekuneminyaka ekilasini yayo isikhathi eside ngaphandle izimbangi sina.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-kweshumi, ekuqaleni kuka-1931, BMW laqala ukuthola emabhayisikili civil hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi waqala ukuveza esindayo ezine-wheel drive izithuthuthu ngezinjongo ezempi. Abaningi baye bakholwa ukuthi ezine-wheel drive wabonakala ngenxa izidingo ibutho, okuyinto ezinsukwini zakuqala we Second neMpi Yezwe, bona Zazidingeka. Ayikho brand esingaphansi ethandwa izimoto ngaleso sikhathi bafunda ngokuhweba le Zundapp abadumile.

Soviet prototype izithuthuthu esindayo "Ural" bakhonza ngenhla amayunithi, ngokukhethekile, R71 imodeli. Futhi ngo-1941 yokwakha IMZ-Ural weza isithuthuthu wokuqala esindayo i-M72, okuyinto kweso waba kwababusi ubuchwepheshe yi Army Soviet.

Kwabe sekwenzekani

1957 baduma ngenxa yokuthi batch encane kuqala kunazo zonke-wheel drive "Ural" yakhululwa, okwakukhona onobuhle ezintathu ezinamasondo. Futhi ngakho libhayisikili kwaba i-M61, owathatha phezu ukuklama ngokuphelele chassis imodeli 72nd. Waqala ukuba ifakwe phezulu valve injini.

Kancane isitshalo kamuva waqala futhi wanezela i emisha ebalulekile ngesimo igiya reverse, okuyinto entula ngokuphelele izithuthuthu kanye nizhneklapannym izinjini. Isibonelo sale zingakhiqiza imodeli ngaphambili - K650.

Kancane kancane, bonke-wheel drive isithuthuthu "Ural" uye washintsha kwesakhiwo. Ngaphezu ukushintshwa injini langemuva ukudluliswa esishunyekiwe amaskriphthi carburetor ngokuyinhloko entsha, lapho amandla injini luyanda. onobuhle kwesikhathi ayenendawo yesimanje ephezulu carburetors e-Japan ( "Keihin"). Okuthuthukisiwe ukusebenza ashukumisayo futhi izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu braking ngesithuthuthu "Ural" yasungulwa sibonga disc amabhuleki ka "Brembo Breaks", okuyinto ezibhekwa phakathi best in the world.

izici Isici wonke-wheel drive amayunithi

Motorcycle "Ural" (bheka isithombe. Ngenhla) kungenziwa ngokuthi emhlabeni kuphela isithuthuthu esinekalishi, eza bezdifferentsialnym drive switchable. Omunye onobuhle Irbit abakhiqizi isithuthuthu waqala "patrol", okuyinto stroller wheel drive switchable. Patrol nge engasindi T-nguqulo uyawuthanda wayephumelela kakhulu kude Russia. Ngakho, okusekelwe yokuthengisa izimoto 2012 kuphela kwathengiswa ngu 37% ngaphezu ngo-2011.

"Patrol" okubhekana nanoma isiphi off-road, njengoba ifakwe gearbox 4-speed. Zonke-wheel drive izithuthuthu "Ural" ukuba banqobe izigaba nzima kakhulu komgwaqo. Ngakho singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu iyona engcono kunazo umgwaqo ibhayisikili. Ngempela, ukuba laden, akasoze akuvumele umshayeli ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Yingakho kuba njalo obusolisayo baseMelika ngenhlonipho enkulu "patrol" Ural. Izindleko onobuhle "Patrol-T" kuyinto emhlabeni izinkulungwane 300. Ruble.

Comfort nokungcebeleka nge "izivakashi"

imodeli Special "izivakashi-2WD» (isithuthuthu "Ural") udaliwe ngoba imigwaqo Russian, okuyinto abaneminyaka engu akazange abone Ukusabalala esikhundleni. Four-wheel drive lesi silo Onqobayo hhayi kuphela yasekhaya off-road ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa futhi ukusheshisa endleleni nesivinini ka-120 km / h, kanti uchitha 7 kuphela amalitha uphethiloli ukuze wonke iphelela, anamakhulu mane.

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi isithuthuthu "Ural", "izivakashi" umugqa eyenzelwe uhambo olude, futhi ngenxa yalesi ifakwe konke okudingekile. Uma wayefisa, idrayivu ukuthutha isicimile, it is inqanyuliwe. Kulokhu, ungakwazi kuphela ukuhamba on amasondo amabili, kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho lokhu iyunithi akubi sibi kakhulu.

Ponoprivodnye izithuthuthu "izivakashi" uchungechunge anemisila injini 45 amahhashi nge displacement 750 cc. Kulokhu, imoto ngesivinini ku-120 km / h ngemizuzwana ─ Frisky njengoba Yamaha emabhayisikili ezemidlalo, amanani ongatholakala yagingqika isigamu sesigidi sama-ruble. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu isithuthuthu ukala 335 kg, futhi imishini kanye imoto kungathatha nawe cishe isisindo esifanayo, kuzuze "amahhashi" unakho yini okwanele ukuba kalula ukudonsa umthwalo. Uphethiloli yakhelwe 19 amalitha amafutha kanye ukugeleza rate ngaso sonke ezihlekisayo: e ithrekhi - kuze kufinyelele 4 amalitha nasemadolobheni ingeqi 7 amalitha ngamunye amakhilomitha angu-100.

Okuncane imodeli 67

Heavy wonke-wheel izithuthuthu wayedunyiswa phakathi Bikers futhi abalandeli isithuthuthu ubuchwepheshe. Yini ngempela, amandla kanye intshiseko kukhona adrenalin, ngaphandle okuyinto kunzima ukugibela ezimbili ezinamasondo uhamba nge steel. Unjalo "Ural" 67-36 chungechunge. Yilokho ngempela umshini ngakho umshini! On cross-zohlobo nalo ingafaniswa kuphela "Dnepr MT". injini Nepriveredliv ukuze kakhulu "abazange bacasuke" ngesikhathi inkosi yayo, uma nje akusho uphalafini.

It ngesivinini 67 "Ural" kuya ku-100 km / h fast ngokwanele, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isisindo saso singamakhilogremu 330 kg kanye lingalayishwa kuwo ingxenye yesine ka ton phezulu. Endabeni ngayinye fuel endleleni aluka kuyinto 8 amalitha, okuyinto ngokuvamile, uma ucabanga ngamandla alo. Motor okukhiphayo amandla 36 hp ngesikhathi torque engu esiphezulu at 4900 ngomzuzu. Ngokuvamile, le mishini yayithatha lithembeke ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi akusho kuthathe ukukhuthazela.

"Ural Up Gear» ─ amandla ngesitayela lempi

Onjiniyela Irbitsky bazama konke, ukudala nenzalo yabo Gear Up-2WD. Motorcycle "Ural" (bheka isithombe. Ngezansi) salolu chungechunge senziwa ngesitayela ezempi kanye yakhelwe unqobe izindawo esingaweleki kakhulu futhi off-road. Kalula ngesithuthuthu Onqobayo izigaba nzima kwemigwaqo ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu, ezine-wheel drive lizwakala design ibhanoyi negcwele igiya reverse.

Bala ukusetshenziswa 'kwezempi "isithuthuthu akwenzi mqondo. Nokho, siphawula ukuthi kungenzeka ukuya nomaphi yimuphi sezulu unyaka wonke. Lo mshini enamandla akesabi we emigodini iqhwa noma yezimvula ezinamandla, akukho enenhlabathi kwedolo. Intengo yale wonke-wheel drive emithathu ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa off-road imoto emhlabeni izinkulungwane 620. Ruble.

Uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe

Lezi izithuthuthu ezidonsa anemisila 41-amahhashi-cylinder ezimbili ezine-unhlangothi izinjini nge displacement 745 cubic metres. I speed esiphezulu angakhula imoto 110 km / h. umjovo Okokhelekayo ilawulwa fuel injection uhlelo. Ukuqala i-motor kagesi, kanye le njongo inikezwa kick ukuziqalela. Uphethiloli kunesithembiso 19 amalitha uphethiloli, futhi petrol kuyinto 7.5 amalitha ngamunye engamakhulu iphelela.

Amabhuleki isithuthuthu enikeziwe caliper wokubacindezela, kanye bamba - indlela ezimbili yohlobo ezomile. Telescopic phambi ukumiswa ihlinzeka Ukugibela bushelelezi endleleni. Ukuba khona bezdifferentsialnoy ukudluliswa evumela ukuba unqobe izithiyo yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi.

I lula operation

Umbala kuyinto Hacks ongabonakali emahlathini noma imihlanga eduze echibini, ngakho "Ural Gear Up» kungenziwa ngokuphepha ukuhlomisa ukuzingela noma walala iyiphi zokudoba ezidingekayo. Ukucabangisisa Ngethuba Lokungenela e- 365 kg, ungathatha kude nabo eziningi izimpahla eziwusizo kanye umthwalo.

Le modeli is kakhulu isisindo Onjiniyela elikuvumela ukuba baphathe yonke into oyidingayo futhi kwenza umshini ukuzinza esiphezulu. Ngakho-ke, thina angahlela ngokuphepha futhi ungesabi ukuthi agegat kungaletha, iyakuphenduka.

Uma kunesidingo, zingabekwa kwabhoboka yokupaka futhi ususe amasondo actuator ikalishi, ngaleyo ndlela nokuguqula "Ural" e ibhayisikili ezimbili ezinamasondo.

Kufinyeta

Izithuthuthu "Ural" ngayo yonke-wheel drive off-road izimoto zikufakazela ngokwabo okuthembekile. Le nqubo has a izinga amazwe imishini high, lihlukile. Yingakho singasho ukuthi "Ural" kuyinto ibhayisikili unkillable. Iningi onobuhle isithuthuthu neqhaza ride ukhululekile futhi ephephile sibonga oyiyo ekhethekile. Ngenxa isisindo esikhulu zalamaqembu.I babe ukuzinza ezinhle futhi akukho umthamo encane esithwele. Enamandla injini, chassis kanye nokumisa izici ukuvumela ukuba kalula sinqobe sezwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithuthuthu yesimanje "Ural" unayo i ukubukeka ekhangayo, design ergonomic futhi ezingeni eliphezulu wenduduzo. Umklamo yale mishini kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuthutha ngokushelela endleleni. Naphezu ngukujabha bayo, isithuthuthu ngokushesha ukuzuza ngesivinini ezidingekayo. On esindayo enamandla "yensimbi ihhashi" akanamahloni ngabo ukuba avele embuthaneni noma wesithuthuthu, ugibele at imigwaqo yezwe ebusuku, ukujabulela ibanga elide futhi uzizwe isivinini.