UkuhambaIzinkomba

Adume Oka masimu Reserve? Izilwane kanye nezitshalo Oka Terrasny reserve

Ngo phakathi XX leminyaka (1948) kwanqunywa ukuba uguqule esiqiwini ezinkulu, ise nedlelo, ezinkampanini emihlanu ehlukene. Ezikhathini ezinzima ngoba nature nokongiwa (1951) e Moscow Region 4 izinqolobane abangu uyekwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Oka masimu Reserve - kuphela edolobheni.

Wahamba ku inethiwekhi enkulu uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli izinqolobane by UNESCO. Ngo-February 1979, wathola isitifiketi.

Kusukela umlando eyinkimbinkimbi

Masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve waqala imisebenzi yayo ngo-June 1945, kuqala njengengxenye wemboni agodliwe.

Ngemva kokuthola isimo imisebenzi yayo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli kakhulu wandisa, ngakho ngo-1984 godu zokuqapha isizinda esiteshini sidaliwe lapha, elalibe yisikhungo into eyinhloko sezulu observation ukuthola sokukhipha udoti futhi izinto eziyingozi okungenzeka faka endaweni

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-70-yalolucwaningo masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve waqala ukuqhuba zokuqapha kwemvelo ngesikhathi isimo semvelo ezingeni eliphakeme.

imisebenzi

Abafundi bethu abaningi bazi ukuthi lisebenze kanjani kulezi zinhlangano ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe lethu. Uma unesithakazelo kuka abadumile Oka masimu Reserve, ukuqala, ake sibone ukuthi yini imisebenzi babelwa inhlangano.

Eyokuqala ekulondolozweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo eziyingqayizivele, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo endaweni.

cwaningo elimile kweMvelo we Reserve kanye angomakhelwane ezindaweni zayo. Ukubuyiselwa kanye nokongiwa nezilwane zemvelo nezimila.

Lolu cwaningo, zizalela zisakaza kuya endaweni yazo yangaphambili inyathi yaseYurophu.

Njengoba ubona, ngisho ngesisekelo imisebenzi ungakwazi eziphethweni ngalokho abadumile Oka masimu Reserve.

Phakathi nomlando wakhe omude, it has umsebenzi okhethekile wokubuyisela kanye nokongiwa ezingavamile ejwayelekile salokhu zinhlobo esifundeni. Waba yini umphumela walesi umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici endaweni nokunonophala abalulekile nezilwane esifundeni laseMoscow.

buka Aboriginal zalezi zindawo - beaver - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka sanqunywa cishe ngokuphelele off maphakathi Russian Plain. Ukuze uyibuyisele endaweni evikelwe e 1948 wangilethela beaver 4 wesibonelo inqolobane emzini Voronezh. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa (1955) bajoyine labantu has 2 ngazimbili abadabuka Russian.

Ngo-1962, lezi zilwane baqala ukuhlala. Kakade 1973 kwakunamaJuda eMoscow eningizimu, ababebalelwa beaver 110 emizaneni 30 nemingenela we Oka. Ngo-October 2003, ngaphandle kwezwe lakwa esiqiwini, ku Serpukhov wesifunda, kwakukhona kakade 68 nemizana kwalezi zilwane ababebalelwa 329 ngabanye.

izimo zezulu

Masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve, isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko, ezahlukene esipholile sezulu yezwekazi. Kule ndawo, ebusika sinokuhlasela nesithwathwa, futhi izikhathi zasehlobo ezifudumele. Isilinganiso air lokushisa lonyaka aliphumi ngenhla - 3.9 ° C. Le nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa - Julayi (+17,7 ° C), ka-January enomoya (10,5 ° C). Maximum lokushisa - +38 ° C, okungenani - -43 ° C. Kwezulu yonyaka lingaphansi kuka 500 mm imvula. I ukushuba isembozo iqhwa, okubonakala ekupheleni kukaNovemba siyeza ngo-Ephreli, 55 cm.

impumuzo

plain masimu, ngomusa esitshekile ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Relief vypolozhenny masimu. Isici nobuntu ukukhululeka izingxenye enkabeni nasenyakatho ye-reserve kukhona sinkholes ezenzeka ezindaweni lapho amalahle limestone eduze overlie.

Kwaba ukukhululeka amathala eningizimu zinezikhathi amagquma anesihlabathi izihlahla, okuyinto ifike 10-15 amamitha ngaphezu aphansi, ezindaweni ezakhelene.

Hydrology

Insimu wokugodla azinazo lezi zimpawu isibalo esikhulu kwamadamu okugcina amanzi. Lapho emifuleni ezincane eziningana abe amanzi eliphansi echibini kanye emaxhaphozini ambalwa. Imifula ngobukhulu - Ponikovka futhi Todenka, okuyinto ethatha ivelaphi ngaphandle esiqiwini, ubude bayo imayelana 9 km, nobubanzi mayelana 4 m.

Of namachibi kukhona ngobukhulu futhi Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Esikhathini ukushisa kwehlobo namachibi wome cishe ngokuphelele. Swamp hlala ingxenye encane endaweni (ngaphansi kuka-1%).

Izilwane Oka Terrasny reserve

zinhlobo Native - izinyamazane, okuyinto ancamuka esifundeni ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Ukuze uyibuyisele, ku Oka Reserve masimu 2 ngazimbili kwalezi zilwane kwangena ngo-1948. Wabo wadedelwa ngo-1950. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1957 inani lezi zilwane esiqiwini ifinyelele ashaqisayo - 63. Kule inyamazane iphuzu baqala ukuhlala kwi insimu laseChekhov kanye Serpukhov wesifunda.

Ngo-1967 abuyiselwe eduze eMoscow inyamazane labantu lalinabashumayeli 157 ngabanye. Ngo-February 2008 inani kakade ziqasha abantu 170. Lolu hlobo ngempela ngempumelelo udla futhi wabuyela nezilwane ukuzingela.

i-moose

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "Yini Oka masimu Reserve eyaziwa?", Singasho sithi: ". Ukwanda labantu-moose" Ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili zilwane uphansi impela kulezi zindawo. Ngemva kwempi, akuzange kube khona ukukhula ngokushesha labantu. It lwawo luphakeme maphakathi ka 1961 - 1300 izilwane Serpukhov wesifunda, kuhlanganise 300 owakhiwe masimu Oka Reserve.

Ngenxa high density kwezilwane zokuhlala kwakunezinkinga yisimo ehlathini, kanye nesimo futhi amaphiva edolobheni Southern. Kube icala omkhulu futhi ukubukeka izifo epizootic. Ngemva ukutadishwa isimo sezilwane reserve LV Zablotskaya waphikelela ngokuthi amaphiva labantu isiqondiso ngokudubula. Ebusika 1961 badutshulwe isilwane esiqiwini 101 kanye 128 - ku Serpukhov wesifunda. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi neminyaka embalwa lulokhu ezingeni kuvunyelwe.

I inyamazane ezivamile kwabakhileyo esiqiwini kuyinto impungushe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu yalo siphile 11 zinhlobo ezahlukene ezincelisayo ezidla, 7 okuyizinto kulomhlaba baphile phakade.

Amalulwane (amalulwane) amelwa 11 zilwane. Phakathi kwabo - bat le Natterer sika, plecotus, amanzi, ichibi, obomvu, vechornytsi amancane abomvu kanye nabanye.

imiphakathi Ngiphephile enkulu hare akuvamile zingatholakala nonogwaja. Ngemva kokunyamalala isikhathi eside wabuya-beaver, futhi ngenjabulo esezinzile emifuleni evikelwe.

inyathi

Phakathi ezincelisayo ayehlala Oka masimu Park, inyathi, noma kunalokho, omunye zazo - Bison bonasus L. - ezenziwe ku-International Red Book, kanye Red Encwadi WaseRussia.

Ngo-1948, M. A. Zablotsky wadala nursery zinyathi. Umgomo wakhe - ukubuyisela inyathi zokuzalela zezinyoni ezingavamile. Ngaphambi imisebenzi nursery ayebekelwe:

  • nokukhulisa ukuyikhulula endle e wangaphambili olwenzeka endaweni uhlobo zabo, ukudluliswa abantu eqinile nenempilo kwezinye izingadi etshalwe kanye kuyo;
  • esikhuthaza ukwanda ukulondolozwa wechibi isakhi sofuzo of zinyathi.
  • ucwaningo ngesimiso semvelo, biology, ethology inyathi;
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku ukugcinwa ukufuya inyathi basekuthunjweni, kanye ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo.

Nursery ikhona indawo amahektheli angu-200. Kwezimo inyathi lapha eduze zemvelo. nursery endaweni sehlukaniswe izibaya alinganayo. Zizungezwe anezikhala wire futhi zixhunywe imihubhe eside.

Ngo ngepeni ngasinye siqukethe umndeni zinyathi. Siqukethe wesilisa, 5 (akuvamile 4) nabesifazane kanye esemncane lezinyanga 10. Khona-ke amathole inyathi abahlukene konina, bese udala "ubusha" umhlambi.

Ekupheleni 2009 ku isithumbanja wazibuza yona futhi ithunyelwe ku ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zaseRussia, Belarus, Ukraine nakwezinye izifundazwe kuka 328 inyathi purebred.

Esikhathini nursery olwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu biology, ethology inyathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Central nursery inyathi kuyalungiswa futhi ukuqeqeshwa ongoti abaqeqeshiwe, eyabe isebenza ngempumelelo kwezinye izindawo.

Ukuze izifundo ukuqhathanisa e nursery zihlanganisa iqembu inyathi American.

Flora

Uma lokho abadumile Oka masimu Reserve izithombe ezithunyelwe izinhlelo ezikhethekile bengayiqondi, kuzokusiza ukucabangela uhlobo kulezi zindawo ezinhle kakhulu. Esiqiwini kukhona phezu 950 zinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo.

Of izihlahla ikakhulukazi zikaphayini ezivamile, i-oki, Linden, e-aspen, sonwele birch. amahlathi okunjalo okuxubile ukumboza mayelana 93% esiqiwini Imininingwane.

Esikhathini amadala, amahlathi ostepnonnyh sikhule ukudaya umshanelo, esimpunga uVeronica umshanelo, sedge, nokunye. D.

Lime-pine-oak engaphelelwa ihlathi abe okuphothula kusukela Maple kanye esinindolweni ka bereskeleta, hazel, Honeysuckle, viburnum kanye t. D.

Kukhona inala amajikijolo, ahlala Oka masimu Reserve. Izitshalo yaleli qembu - amajingijolo, cranberry, Kislichnaya, kanye cranberry futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bavame ukuziqhathanisa ezitholakala emahlathini enyakatho zikaphayini we Reserve.

izinyoni

I wokugodlwa eziningi izinyoni. Emahlathini okuxubile zikhetha eziyizitezi yabo esifaneleka kunazo zonke, lapho amaphuphu zabo ziphephile, bavikelekile isitha lapho kulula ukuthola ukudla. Ngokwesibonelo, Jacks ku ezinkulu ezinkulu ezizingelayo isihlahla imiqhele achithayo ngonyaka isihlanganisi kuqala.

izinyoni ezincane ukudla izinambuzane axazulule esitezi sesibili noma esinindolweni, futhi lihlela owl izidleke phansi. Lapha ungathola tits omkhulu futhi zintaka, redstart futhi isihlahla pipit, nuthatch nezinkuni warbler, thrush kanye zoryanku nabanye abaningi.

zone nokongiwa

Ukuze kuncishiswe umphumela esebenzayo womuntu umsebenzi kwezomnotho sesikhashana zone wadalwa zemvelo reserve eziyinkimbinkimbi. indawo yaso ngempela enkulukazi - 4710 ha endaweni nge ububanzi 2 km. Kuhlanganisa kwimfunda Oka ihlathi ezifundeni ezizungezile endaweni.

Kule ndawo, ngokungafani kuya esiqiwini, bavunyelwe umsebenzi kwezomnotho elinganiselwe. Livu pha ukuphathwa ehlathini, yokuzilimaza okuqhubekayo akuvunyelwe. umsebenzi Agricultural kuvumelekile kwimfunda we Oka (sinqatshiwe alime umhlaba omusha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvumelekile yokwemba, isizinda kanye nezimayini, ukwakhiwa zonke izinhlobo imigwaqo kanye izakhiwo noma iyiphi injongo. Imigomo ukudoba nokuzingela kufanele ngaphezu kwalokho kumele esihlelwe nokuphathwa.

umsebenzi Sikhungo

Esiqiwini kuyinto enhle kakhulu base yesayensi izikole eziningi eziphakeme kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha, kanye nezikhungo zemfundo yeRussia. Lapha abafundi probation ezivela eminyangweni ehlukahlukene kanye namagatsha eMoscow State University, eMoscow Agricultural Academy Timiryazev. Lapha abafundi bathole ulwazi of ubuhlakani begazi eMoscow State University. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Ochwepheshe kusukela nezikhungo ezahlukene ucwaningo. Kuyinto umsebenzi zemvelo abasha esiqiwini - lyceums nezikole.

Oka masimu reserve: Izibuyekezo ikhasimende

Ngokusho kwalabo uvakashele le ndawo enhle, idaliwe abathandi bemvelo izinto zokuzilibazisa. Zonke zibabaza an amazing kanye ezingavamile kulezizinsuku ithuba ukubona ubuhle acwebile esifundeni laseMoscow kanye esiyingqayizivele, ngezinye izikhathi on the esengozini yokuqothulwa, zezitshalo nezilwane.

Izivakashi banelisekile ukuthi esiqiwini uhamba nabo ephelezelwa iziqondiso abanolwazi ovusa ngokuphumelelayo ukukhuluma ngezilwane nezitshalo.

Abaningi bakhononda ukuthi nursery inyathi ukuya kude kakhulu nelanga, belulekwa ekuphathweni ukuhlela ezokuthutha abanye ukuze uthole endaweni.

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